Are videogame training gains specific or general?

Oei, Adam C.; Patterson, Michael D.

doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00054

Cited by 77Cognitive Abilities and TestingDigital Games and MediaEducational Games and Gamification

Are videogame training gains specific or general?

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Oei, Adam C., Patterson, Michael D.·2014·Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience

DOI 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00054PMC PMC3986546

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Abstract

Many recent studies using healthy adults document enhancements in perception and cognition from playing commercial action videogames (AVGs). Playing action games (e.g., Call of Duty, Medal of Honor) is associated with improved bottom-up lower-level information processing skills like visual-perceptual and attentional processes. One proposal states a general improvement in the ability to interpret and gather statistical information to predict future actions which then leads to better performance across different perceptual/attentional tasks. Another proposal claims all the tasks are separately trained in the AVGs because the AVGs and laboratory tasks contain similar demands. We review studies of action and non-AVGs to show support for the latter proposal. To explain transfer in AVGs, we argue that the perceptual and attention tasks share common demands with the trained videogames (e.g., multiple object tracking (MOT), rapid attentional switches, and peripheral vision). In non-AVGs, several studies also demonstrate specific, limited transfer. One instance of specific transfer is the specific enhancement to mental rotation after training in games with a spatial emphasis (e.g., Tetris). In contrast, the evidence for transfer is equivocal where the game and task do not share common demands (e.g., executive functioning). Thus, the "common demands" hypothesis of transfer not only characterizes transfer effects in AVGs, but also non-action games. Furthermore, such a theory provides specific predictions, which can help in the selection of games to train human cognition as well as in the design of videogames purposed for human cognitive and perceptual enhancement. Finally this hypothesis is consistent with the cognitive training literature where most post-training gains are for tasks similar to the training rather than general, non-specific improvements.

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Cognitive benefits from action video games observed via laboratory tasks may be due to overlapping attentional and perceptual demands.
“For example, cognitive benefits from action video games observed via laboratory tasks may be due to overlapping attentional and perceptual demands [37].”
From Health Benefits of Video Games in Adolescents and Young Adults (2026) · cites this paper as [37]
Cognitive tasks designed to prime the performer can subsequently improve performance of videogames and cognitive tasks.
“Research has shown that cognitive tasks, designed to prime the performer, can subsequently improve performance of videogames (Oei and Patterson 2014) and cognitive tasks (Lemaire and Brun 2018; Wexler et al. 2016).”
From Warming Up Body and Mind: Combined Cognitive and Exercise Priming Improves 1‐Mile Time Trial Performance in Recreational Runners (2026) · cites this paper as Oei and Patterson 2014
The Introduction (page unavailable) discusses videogame training followed by improvements on cognitive tasks—the opposite sequence from the one attributed to this source. Searches for priming and for cognitive-task training improving subsequent videogame performance found no passage addressing that claim. The other citations attached to cognitive-task performance are outside this verdict. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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Authors: Oei, A. C., & Patterson, M. D.
Affiliations: Nanyang Technological University (SG)
Corresponding author: Patterson, Michael D.
ORCID: Oei, Adam C.
Venue: Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2014-04-08
Volume: 8
Pages: 54-54
ISSN: 1662-5137 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00054
PMC: PMC3986546
OpenAlex: W2075984367
Cited by: 77
References: 88
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 0.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Games and Media
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Games and Gamification
Keywords: transfer of training, visual perception, attention, multiple object tracking, attentional shift, peripheral vision, mental rotation, Tetris, executive function, cognitive training, cognitive enhancement

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