Cited by 64Sirtuins and Resveratrol in MedicineGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model OrganismsAdipose Tissue and Metabolism

Sirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity

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Watroba, Mateusz, Szukiewicz, Dariusz·2021·Frontiers in Physiology

Abstract

Sirtuins may counteract at least six hallmarks of organismal aging: neurodegeneration, chronic but ineffective inflammatory response, metabolic syndrome, DNA damage, genome instability, and cancer incidence. Moreover, caloric restriction is believed to slow down aging by boosting the activity of some sirtuins through activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thus raising the level of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by stimulating NAD+ biosynthesis. Sirtuins and their downstream effectors induce intracellular signaling pathways related to a moderate caloric restriction within cells, mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell senescence phenotype (CSP) induction, and apoptosis as forms of the cellular stress response. Instead, it can promote DNA damage repair and survival of cells with normal, completely functional phenotypes. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of sirtuins action toward cell-conserving phenotype associated with intracellular signaling pathways related to moderate caloric restriction, as well as some tissue-specific functions of sirtuins, especially in the central nervous system, heart muscle, skeletal muscles, liver, kidneys, white adipose tissue, hematopoietic system, and immune system. In this context, we discuss the possibility of new therapeutic approaches.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fphys.2021.724506

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  • Sirtuins play an important role in antioxidant defense mechanisms and are known to prevent DNA damage, inflammatory reactions, and the formation of cancer cells.

    “Sirtuins play an important role in antioxidant defense mechanisms and are known to prevent DNA damage, inflammatory reactions, and the formation of cancer cells (Watroba and Szukiewicz 2021).”

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Authors
Watroba, M., & Szukiewicz, D.
Affiliations
Medical University of Warsaw (PL)
Venue
Frontiers in Physiology
Published
2021-11-25
Volume
12
Pages
724506-724506
ISSN
1664-042X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3216922837
Cited by
64
References
185
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 10
FWCI
1.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Keywords
sirtuins, healthy longevity, hallmarks of aging, caloric restriction, AMPK, NAD biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species, cellular senescence, apoptosis, DNA repair, neurodegeneration, chronic inflammation, metabolic syndrome, cancer incidence

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