Cited by 1,103Mitochondrial Function and PathologyAdipose Tissue and MetabolismMetabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer

Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Insulin Resistance

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Kim, Jeong-a, Wei, Yongzhong, Sowers, James R.·2008·Circulation Research

Abstract

Insulin resistance is characteristic of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and components of the cardiometabolic syndrome, including hypertension and dyslipidemia, that collectively contribute to a substantial risk for cardiovascular disease. Metabolic actions of insulin in classic insulin target tissues (eg, skeletal muscle, fat, and liver), as well as actions in nonclassic targets (eg, cardiovascular tissue), help to explain why insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation are central in the pathogenesis of the cardiometabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Glucose and lipid metabolism are largely dependent on mitochondria to generate energy in cells. Thereby, when nutrient oxidation is inefficient, the ratio of ATP production/oxygen consumption is low, leading to an increased production of superoxide anions. Reactive oxygen species formation may have maladaptive consequences that increase the rate of mutagenesis and stimulate proinflammatory processes. In addition to reactive oxygen species formation, genetic factors, aging, and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis all contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. These factors also contribute to insulin resistance in classic and nonclassic insulin target tissues. Insulin resistance emanating from mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities and subsequent increases in cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, interventions that improve mitochondrial function also improve insulin resistance. Collectively, these observations suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a central cause of insulin resistance and associated complications. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction related to the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in classic insulin-responsive tissue, as well as cardiovascular tissue.

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  • Mitochondrial function is widely recognized as a factor in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, including MDD, and a variety of physical conditions, such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders.

    “Mitochondrial function is widely recognized as a factor in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, including MDD216, and a variety of physical conditions, such as metabolic diseases217, cardiovascular diseases218, and neurodegenerative disorders219.”

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  1. Le Gouill E, Jimenez M, Binnert C, Pierre-Yves J, Thalmann S, Nicod P, Scherrer U, Vollenweider P. eNOS knock-out mice have defective mitochondrial beta-oxidation. Diabetes. 2007;56:2690 -2696.

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Authors
Kim, J.-A., Wei, Y., & Sowers, J. R.
Affiliations
Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital (US)
Venue
Circulation Research
Published
2008-02-29
Volume
102
Issue
4
Pages
401-414
ISSN
  • 0009-7330 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4571
OpenAlex
W2148713009
Cited by
1,103
References
193
Citations by year
2026: 52 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 97 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 60
FWCI
3.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Circulation Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL73101‑01A1, R01HL073101)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Keywords
mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, cardiometabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity, reactive oxygen species, superoxide, mitochondrial biogenesis, aging, cardiovascular disease, insulin target tissues, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation
MeSH terms
Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondrial Diseases

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