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Cited by 9Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchMindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

Brain Responses to a Self-Compassion Induction in Trauma Survivors With and Without Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Creaser, Jennifer L., Storr, Joanne, Karl, Anke·2022·Frontiers in Psychology
DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.765602PMC PMC8980710
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Abstract

Self-compassion (SC) is a mechanism of symptom improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), however, the underlying neurobiological processes are not well understood. High levels of self-compassion are associated with reduced activation of the threat response system. Physiological threat responses to trauma reminders and increased arousal are key symptoms which are maintained by negative appraisals of the self and self-blame. Moreover, PTSD has been consistently associated with functional changes implicated in the brain’s saliency and the default mode networks. In this paper, we explore how trauma exposed individuals respond to a validated self-compassion exercise. We distinguish three groups using the PTSD checklist; those with full PTSD, those without PTSD, and those with subsyndromal PTSD. Subsyndromal PTSD is a clinically relevant subgroup in which individuals meet the criteria for reexperiencing along with one of either avoidance or hyperarousal. We use electroencephalography (EEG) alpha-asymmetry and EEG microstate analysis to characterize brain activity time series during the self-compassion exercise in the three groups. We contextualize our results with concurrently recorded autonomic measures of physiological arousal (heart rate and skin conductance), parasympathetic activation (heart rate variability) and self-reported changes in state mood and self-perception. We find that in all three groups directing self-compassion toward oneself activates the negative self and elicits a threat response during the SC exercise and that individuals with subsyndromal PTSD who have high levels of hyperarousal have the highest threat response. We find impaired activation of the EEG microstate associated with the saliency, attention and self-referential processing brain networks, distinguishes the three PTSD groups. Our findings provide evidence for potential neural biomarkers for quantitatively differentiating PTSD subgroups.

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  • The findings on ACT for self-compassion, grief, and PTSD align with trials conducted in patients undergoing dialysis and receiving palliative care.

    “These findings were aligned with trials conducted in patients undergoing dialysis [38] and receiving palliative care [39].”

    From Mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions for people with spinal cord injury: a scoping review. (2025) · cites this paper as [38]

    The Materials and Methods section describes a mixed experimental study of trauma survivors grouped by PTSD status, not a trial in patients receiving palliative care. The Introduction and Discussion address a self-compassion induction and PTSD; they do not report the claimed ACT trial. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Creaser, J. L., Storr, J., & Karl, A.
Affiliations
University of Exeter (GB)
Corresponding author
Creaser, Jennifer L.
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Psychology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2022-03-22
Volume
13
Pages
765602-765602
ISSN
1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpsyg.2022.765602
PMC
PMC8980710
OpenAlex
W4220698036
Cited by
9
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2
FWCI
1.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
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  • Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords
self-compassion, post-traumatic stress disorder, subsyndromal PTSD, trauma survivors, threat response, EEG alpha asymmetry, EEG microstates, salience network, default mode network, hyperarousal, self-perception, neural markers, heart rate variability, skin conductance

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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