Procrastination, Perfectionism, and Other Work-Related Mental Problems: Prevalence, Types, Assessment, and Treatment—A Scoping Review
Open accessAbstract
Work-related mental problems can be defined as behaviors, emotions and cognitions that impede the successful completion of a task in a given time frame, i. e., the difficulty or inability to achieve important work-related goals. They are highly prevalent but have been neglected in psychology in general and as a target of psychotherapy in particular. Although work-related problems do not represent a mental disorder per se, they are associated with severe distress and high psychosocial costs. In this article, the prevalence of work-related problems, associated burden, diagnostic assessment and treatment are reviewed. So far, research has primarily focused on procrastination, i.e., the act of postponing or delaying tasks until the last minute or past the deadline. However, procrastination represents just one type of work-related problems among several others. Further forms of work-related problems are presented (e.g., perfectionism, or work-related problems in the context of specific personality types). The relation of work-related problems to specific mental disorders is discussed. Psychosocial interventions are the treatment of choice for work-related mental problems. However, response rates for the treatment of procrastination are limited, which calls for further research into which treatments work for whom. No evidence-based treatments are currently available for other types of work-related problems, with the exception of perfectionism, a personality trait that is also linked to problems in the field of work. Thus, there is a need to further improve the treatment of work-related problems including procrastination. For other types of work-related problems, effective treatments need to be developed and validated. They may be based on existing manualized treatments and extended by specific aspects or modules focusing on work-related problems.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Procrastination often leads to heightened psychological distress due to unmet deadlines and compromised academic performance.
“Studies suggest that procrastination often leads to heightened psychological distress due to unmet deadlines and compromised academic performance [34].”
From The role of academic procrastination in the occurrence of depression, anxiety, and stress among college students (2026) · cites this paper as [34]
The review’s ‘Prevalence and Burden of Work-related Problems’ section (page not provided) associates procrastination with poor academic performance, perceived stress, depression, and anxiety. Its ‘Definition’ section says procrastination can extend past a deadline, but the review does not establish that missed deadlines or poorer academic performance cause psychological distress. The claim turns reported associations into a causal explanation. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud
Freud, S. (1953) · Cited by 17,730 · see citing works
Kline, P. (1993) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90054-7 · Cited by 8,800 · see citing works
The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00505-6 · Cited by 5,265 · see citing works
Attachment in adulthood: structure, dynamics, and change
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-2903 · Cited by 4,301 · see citing works
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.6.1152 · Cited by 3,595 · see citing works
Steel, P. (2007) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65 · Cited by 3,417 · see citing works
Scoping reviews: Time for clarity in definition, methods, and reporting
Colquhoun, H. L., Levac, D., O'Brien, K. K., Straus, S., Tricco, A. C., Perrier, L., Kastner, M., & Moher, D. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.03.013 · Cited by 2,783 · see citing works
Aromataris, E., Fernandez, R., Godfrey, C. M., Holly, C., Khalil, H., & Tungpunkom, P. (2015) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1097/xeb.0000000000000055 · Cited by 2,587 · see citing works
The Dark Triad of personality: A 10 year review
Furnham, A., Richards, S. C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12018 · Cited by 1,619 · see citing works
Winnicott, D. W. (2019) · Cited by 1,612 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the dark triad and work behavior: a social exchange perspective
O'Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., & McDaniel, M. A. (2012) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025679 · Cited by 1,331 · see citing works
Seventy-five trials and eleven systematic reviews a day: how will we ever keep up?
Bastian, H., Glasziou, P., & Chalmers, I. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000326 · Cited by 1,188 · see citing works
At last, my research article on procrastination
Lay, C. H. (1986) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(86)90127-3 · Cited by 1,175 · see citing works
Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process: A clinical review
Egan, S. J., Wade, T. D., & Shafran, R. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.009 · Cited by 961 · see citing works
Toward An Understanding of Achievement‐Related Conflicts in Women
Horner, M. S. (1972) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1972.tb00023.x · Cited by 935 · see citing works
A Practical Guide to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
(2004) · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-23369-7 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
The relationship between procrastination and academic performance: A meta-analysis
Kim, K. R., & Seo, E. H. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.038 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Perfectionism is increasing over time: A meta-analysis of birth cohort differences from 1989 to 2016
Curran, T., & Hill, A. P. (2019) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000138 · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Assessing Leadership: A View from the Dark Side
Hogan, R. T., & Hogan, J. C. (2001) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/1468-2389.00162 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., Turnbull‐Donovan, W., & Mikail, S. F. (1991) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.3.3.464 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Principles of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: A Manual for Supportive-Expressive Treatment
Wong, N. (1985) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.142.11.1377 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Arousal, avoidant and decisional procrastinators: Do they exist?
Steel, P. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.02.025 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Understanding Transference: The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme Method
Luborsky, L. B., & Crits-Christoph, P. F. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., Sherry, S. B., Habke, M., Parkin, M., Lam, R. W., McMurtry, B., Ediger, E., Fairlie, P., & Stein, M. B. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1303 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Patterns of symptomatic recovery in psychotherapy.
Kopta, S. M., Howard, K. I., Lowry, J. L., & Beutler, L. E. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.5.1009 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Patterns of symptomatic recovery in psychotherapy.
Kopta, S. M., Howard, K. I., Lowry, J. L., & Beutler, L. E. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.62.5.1009 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
The Frontier of Brief Psychotherapy
MALAN, D. H. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2220-7 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Psychological distress and the frequency of perfectionistic thinking.
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Blankstein, K. R., & Gray, L. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.5.1363 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Application of the ICD-11 classification of personality disorders
Bach, B., & First, M. B. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1908-3 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Vergauwe, J., Wille, B., Feys, M., Fruyt, F. D., & Anseel, F. (2014) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-014-9382-5 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
DSM-5 Level of Personality Functioning: Refocusing Personality Disorder on What It Means to Be Human
Sharp, C., & Wall, K. (2020) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-105402 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Counseling the procrastinator in academic settings.
(2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10808-000 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Kroese, F. M., Evers, C., Adriaanse, M. A., & de Ridder, D. T. D. (2014) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105314540014 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Blunt, A. K., & Pychyl, T. A. (2000) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00091-4 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Beutel, M. E., Klein, E. M., Aufenanger, S., Brähler, E., Dreier, M., Müller, K. W., Quiring, O., Reinecke, L., Schmutzer, G., Stark, B., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148054 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Personality and the Fate of Organizations
Hogan, R. T. (2017) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315089904 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Applying the Big Five Personality Factors to the Impostor Phenomenon
Bernard, N., Dollinger, S. J., & Ramaniah, N. V. (2002) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa7802_07 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
(2005) · North American journal of psychology · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Methodische Anleitung für Scoping Reviews (JBI-Methodologie)
von Elm, E. B., Schreiber, G., & Haupt, C. C. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1016/j.zefq.2019.05.004 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Original and cumulative prospect theory: a discussion of empirical differences
Fennema, H., & Wakker, P. P. (1997) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0771(199703)10:1 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Writer's Block: The Cognitive Dimension
Schultz, L. M., & Rose, M. (1985) · College Composition and Communication · doi:10.2307/357873 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Disordered personalities at work
Belinda Board, & Fritzon, K. (2004) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/10683160310001634304 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Is Burnout a Depressive Condition? A 14-Sample Meta-Analytic and Bifactor Analytic Study
Bianchi, R., Verkuilen, J., Schonfeld, I. S., Hakanen, J., Jansson‐Fröjmark, M., García, G. M., Laurent, É., & Meier, L. L. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702620979597 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Georg, G. (1980) · Felix Meiner Verlag eBooks · doi:10.28937/978-3-7873-3389-9 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Procrastination, a principal components analysis
McCown, W., Johnson, J. L., & Petzel, T. P. (1989) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90204-3 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man
Engels, F. (1949) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Sherry, S., Hewitt, P. L., Sherry, D. L., Flett, G. L., & Graham, A. R. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/a0020466 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Tresemer, D. W. (1977) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2328-0 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Irrational Delay Revisited: Examining Five Procrastination Scales in a Global Sample
Svartdal, F., & Steel, P. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01927 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Internet-based cognitive—behavior therapy for procrastination: A randomized controlled trial.
Rozental, A., Forsell, E., Svensson, A., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000023 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Sirois, F. M. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-015-9629-2 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Dimensions of Perfectionism and Procrastination
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., & Martin, T. R. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0227-6_6 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Measuring disordered personality functioning: to love and to work reprised
Parker, G. B., Hadzi‐Pavlovic, D., Both, L., Kumar, S., Wilhelm, K. A., & Olley, A. (2004) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00312.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Reizer, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01148 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cowie, M., Nealis, L. J., Sherry, S., Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.027 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
THE UNSUCCESSFUL SELF‐TREATMENT OF A CASE OF “WRITER'S BLOCK”1
Upper, D. (1974) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1974.7-497a · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Multidimensional Perfectionism and the Big Five Personality Traits: A Meta–Analysis
Stricker, J., Buecker, S., Schneider, M., & Preckel, F. (2019) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2186 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Hörz‐Sagstetter, S., Ohse, L., & Kampe, L. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-021-01250-y · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Targeting Procrastination Using Psychological Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Rozental, A., Bennett, S., Forsström, D., Ebert, D. D., Shafran, R., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01588 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Health behaviour procrastination: a novel reasoned route towards self-regulatory failure
Kroese, F. M., & de Ridder, D. T. D. (2015) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2015.1116019 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hewitt, P. L., Mikail, S. F., Flett, G. L., Tasca, G. A., Flynn, C., Deng, X., Kaldas, J., & Chen, C. (2015) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000016 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Doering, S., Burgmer, M., Heuft, G., Menke, D., Bäumer, B., Lübking, M., Feldmann, M., Hörz, S., & Schneider, G. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-210 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Tziner, A. E., & Tanami, M. (2013) · Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.5093/tr2013a10 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Freud's psycho-analytic procedure (1904)
Freud, S. (1971) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e417472005-191 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Individual differences in responses to workplace stress: the contribution of attachment theory
Johnstone, M., & Feeney, J. A. (2015) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12308 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Me, myself, and us: the science of personality and the art of well-being
(2015) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.190135 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Rozental, A., Forsström, D., Lindner, P., Nilsson, S., Mårtensson, L., Rizzo, A., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2018) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2017.08.002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Punctual and procrastinating students: A study of temporal parameters.
Blatt, S. J., & QUINLAN, P. E. (1967) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024413 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Towards an evidence-based unified psychodynamic protocol for emotional disorders
Leichsenring, F., & Steinert, C. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.036 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationXie, Y., Yang, J., & Chen, F. (2018) · Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.6680 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ferrari, J. R., Johnson, J. L., & McCown, W. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0227-6_2 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Roman, M. (1974) · International Journal of Group Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/00207284.1974.11491859 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Brodman, K. (1950) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1950.02910500081042 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Malouff, J. M., & Schutte, N. S. (2019) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12243 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Prokrastination. Ein Manual zur Behandlung des pathologischen Aufschiebens.
Höcker, A., Engberding, M., & Rist, F. (2013) · doi:10.1026/02842-000 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Moving Towards a Capability for Meaningful Labor
Weidel, T. A. (2017) · Journal of Human Development and Capabilities · doi:10.1080/19452829.2017.1408575 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Rozental, A., Forsell, E., Svensson, A., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2016.1236287 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A procedure for eliminating writer's block in a college student
Passman, R. H. (1976) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(76)90020-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Akzeptanz- und Commitment-Therapie
Eifert, G. H. (2014) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1633390 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Didden, R., Sigafoos, J., O’Reilly, M. F., Lancioni, G. E., & Sturmey, P. (2007) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.2007.773 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Work, love, and death‐thought accessibility: A terror management investigation
McCabe, S., & Daly, M. (2018) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12258 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Burnout und Arbeitsstörungen bei Studenten
Gumz, A., Brähler, E., & Erices, R. (2012) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1297943 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Paradox as a Treatment for Writer's Block
Henning, L. H. (1981) · The Personnel and Guidance Journal · doi:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1981.tb00655.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Grandiosity Blocks Writing Projects
Jones, A. C. (1975) · Transactional Analysis Bulletin · doi:10.1177/036215377500500422 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Work and its inhibitions: Psychoanalytic essays.
Socarides, C. W., & Kramer, S. (1997) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Unsuccessful Treatments of “Writer's Block”: A Meta-Analysis
McLean, D. C., & Thomas, B. R. (2014) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/28.pr0.115c12z0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A writing block treated with modern psychoanalytic interventions.
Ep, S. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Dynamic‐relational treatment of perfectionism: An illustrative case study
Hewitt, P. L., Mikail, S. F., Dang, S. S., Kealy, D., & Flett, G. L. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23040 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Gumz, A., Brähler, E., & Erices, R. (2012) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
On Those Wrecked By Success: A Clinical Inquiry
Levy, S. T., Seelig, B. J., & Inderbitzin, L. B. (1995) · The Psychoanalytic Quarterly · doi:10.1080/21674086.1995.11927468 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Arbeitsstörungen und Prokrastination
Fydrich, T. (2009) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-009-0696-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Therapeutic courage in novice therapists in Japan: A qualitative study.
Goto, A., Iwakabe, S., & Heim, N. (2021) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/int0000260 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychoanalytic views of “writer’s block”: Artistic creation and its discontents
Amado, N. (2021) · International Forum of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/0803706x.2021.1887518 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Höcker, A., Engberding, M., & Rist, F. (2016) · Hogrefe eBooks · doi:10.1026/02706-000 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Integrative KVT bei Frustrationsintoleranz
Stavemann, H. H., & Hülsner, Y. (2016) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Understanding Writer's Block: A Therapist's Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment
Brinkerhoff, L. J. (1997) · Human Biology · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The University of British Columbia 2017 perfectionism treatment project
Hewitt, P. L. (2017) · http://isrctn.com/ · doi:10.1186/isrctn16141964
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [35]Bowlby J. Attachment. Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Loss. New York, NY: Basic Books (1969).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Leichsenring, F., Abbass, A. A., Heim, N., Keefe, J. R., Kisely, S. R., Luyten, P., Rabung, S., & Steinert, C. (2023) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21104 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, H., Ding, Y., Liang, Y., Wan, X., Peng, Q., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., & Chen, C. (2023) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.1922 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Zhang, D., Mushtaque, I., & Hanif, M. W. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104662 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Arenas, D. L., Viduani, A., Bassols, A. M. S., & Hauck, S. (2022) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002526 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Elemo, A. S., & Dule, A. (2023) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2023.112286 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Krath, J., Schmidt-Kraepelin, M., Schmähl, K., Schütz, C., Morschheuser, B., & Sunyaev, A. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/65214 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cîrșmari, M. I., Rus, C. L., Trif, S., & Fodor, O. C. (2023) · Cognitie, Creier, Comportament · doi:10.24193/cbb.2023.27.07 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Liao, G., Feng, L., Zheng, X., & Zhou, J. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30565 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Edú-Valsania, S., Laguía, A., & Moriano, J. A. (2025) · Psychology International · doi:10.3390/psycholint7010021 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Analysis of Procrastination at Work and Employee Demographic Profiles in Slovak Smes
Hutmanová, N., Hajduová, Z., Dorčák, P., & Fóthy, N. (2024) · Central European Business Review · doi:10.18267/j.cebr.377 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Perfectionism in the Workplace: Findings and Controversies of Empirical Research
Sharapova, A. V. (2025) · Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology · doi:10.17759/jmfp.2025140112 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Evaluation of a Group Therapy for Work-Related Mental Disorders
Hondong, S., Morawa, E., Kastel-Hoffmann, S., Kandler, A., & Erim, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032673 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yeung, A. W. K. (2024) · Publications · doi:10.3390/publications12040035 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Putri, G. A. M. D., & Ayomi, P. N. (2024) · Journal of Language and Literature Studies · doi:10.36312/jolls.v4i4.2105 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stanikzai, M. E., & Mittal, E. (2025) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101592 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Semiotic Analysis of Mental Disorders in BTS Magic Shop Lyrics
Amara, V. R., & Kusuma, R. S. (2022) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.220501.021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dollente, L. A. U., Aton, A. G., Esto, J. B., Ortiz, A. C. S., Castilla, M. J. B., Estilloso, E. M., Batapa, G. D., Tagare, Jr., Nadela, L. I. C., Ongcoy, P. J. B., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · doi:10.11591/ijere.v15i2.34968
“Studies suggest that procrastination often leads to heightened psychological distress due to unmet deadlines and compromised academic performance [34].”
Clinical practice supportive psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder
Wardani, N. D., Widiastuti, M. I., Sudiyanto, A., Hardian, H., Lukman, P. R., Subagio, H. W., & Tugasworo, D. (2023) · Bali Medical Journal · doi:10.15562/bmj.v12i3.4614
Costa, D. D., Perdigão, L. A., Machado, J. C. D. M., Júnior, E. D. S. C., & Almeida, M. T. C. (2024) · Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação · doi:10.51891/rease.v10i9.15508 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Empowering nursing students through blended learning: Addressing procrastination and accessibility
Amalia, R., Aditya, R. S., Indreswari, H., Nawantara, R. D., Anggraini, G., & Andriati, N. (2025) · Teaching and learning in nursing · doi:10.1016/j.teln.2025.01.034
Erbaş, S., & Çelik, S. B. (2025) · Mehmet Akif Ersoy üniversitesi eğitim fakültesi dergisi. · doi:10.21764/maeuefd.1497545
طاهر, ه. م. ا. (2024) · Tobruk University Journal of Social and Human Sciences · doi:10.64516/2nyhjk14
de Araújo, G. O., de Araújo, G. R., do Nascimento, A. L. B., Borges, C. I. C., da Silva, P. G. N., de Medeiros, É. D., & Dantas, L. M. G. L. (2025) · Psicologia e Saúde em Debate · doi:10.22289/2446-922x.v11a1a88
Predicting Procrastination in Nurses: The Role of Personality Traits and Psychological Well-being
Bordbar, F. T., & Heidarnezhad, H. (2025) · Russian Open Medical Journal · doi:10.15275/rusomj.2025.0414
Chen, X., Guo, Y., Shi, C., Wen, J., Gao, Y., Wu, L., Jiang, H., Yuan, Y., Wu, L., Yin, H., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1725633
Perfection at the table: Maternal perfectionism, feeding anxiety, and preschoolers' eating behaviors
Pascal, E. A., Stoleru, I. M., & Messer, E. J. E. (2026) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2026.102104
Pietruch, M., Kowalski, J., Browarczyk, W. M., Michałowski, J. M., & Wypych, M. (2026) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2026.105106
Chebbi, T., Tannoubi, A., Bonsaksen, T., Geantă, V. A., Alliheibi, A. H., Wöll, A., & Azaiez, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1903123
Soumee, Z. N., Joda, A. H., Rasouli, A., & Saed, O. (2026) · Journal of Medical Education Development · doi:10.66224/edcj.19.4.21
- Authors
- Steinert, C., Heim, N., & Leichsenring, F.
- Affiliations
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
- The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Steinert, Christiane
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-10-11
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 736776-736776
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8542725
- OpenAlex
- W3206229802
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 0.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Universitätsbibliothek Gießen (cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Workaholism, burnout, and well-being
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- procrastination, perfectionism, work-related problems, psychosocial interventions, treatment response, prevalence, diagnostic assessment, personality types, work-related distress, evidence-based treatment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
