Treating Procrastination Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Treatment Delivered via the Internet or in Groups
Abstract
Procrastination is a common problem among university students, with at least half of the population reporting great difficulties initiating or completing tasks and assignments. Procrastination can have a negative impact on course grades and the ability to achieve a university degree, but can also lead to psychological distress. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is believed to reduce procrastination, but few studies have investigated its effectiveness in a regular clinical setting. The current study explored its effects using a pragmatic randomized controlled trial comparing treatment delivered during 8 weeks as self-guided CBT via the Internet (ICBT) or as group CBT. In total, 92 university students with severe procrastination were included in the study (registered as a clinical trial on Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02112383). Outcome measures on procrastination, depression, anxiety, and well-being were distributed at pre- and posttreatment as well as 6-month follow-up. An outcome measure of procrastination was administered weekly. Linear mixed and fixed effects models were calculated, along with improvement and deterioration rates. The results showed large within-group effect sizes on procrastination, Cohen's d of 1.29 for ICBT, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.81, 1.74], and d of 1.24 for group CBT, 95% CI [0.76, 1.70], and small to moderate benefits for depression, anxiety, and well-being. In total, 33.7% were regarded as improved at posttreatment and 46.7% at follow-up. No differ…
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About one-third of participants in Rozental et al. (2015) showed clinical improvement in the intervention groups, with moderate to large effect sizes maintained one year later.
“About one-third of the participants showed clinical improvement in the intervention groups, with moderate to large effect sizes maintained one year later (Rozental et al., 2017).”
From Group cognitive behavioral therapy for reducing procrastination in college students: a randomized controlled trial (2026) · cites this paper as Rozental et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Rozental, A., Forsström, D., Lindner, P., Nilsson, S., Mårtensson, L., Rizzo, A., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Linköping University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Rozental, Alexander
- Venue
- Behavior Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 180-197
- ISSN
- 0005-7894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2743264175
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 3.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavior Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- procrastination, cognitive behavioral therapy, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, group therapy, university students, depression, anxiety, well-being, maintenance therapy, treatment deterioration, task initiation
- MeSH terms
- Procrastination, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotherapy, Group, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Internet, Young Adult
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