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Cited by 28Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and PhysiologyMycotoxins in Agriculture and Food

Effects of Additive Type on Fermentation and Aerobic Stability and Its Interaction with Air Exposure on Silage Nutritive Value

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Auerbach, Horst, Nadeau, Elisabet·2020·Agronomy
DOI 10.3390/agronomy10091229
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Abstract

As farm profitability and sustainability of animal production are largely affected by overall losses of dry matter and nutritive value of silage from field to trough, the objective of the study was to assess the effects of different additive types on fermentation, aerobic stability (ASTA) and changes in in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) of grass and grass–clover silage exposed to air. Three trials were performed, where grass and grass–clover forages were treated with biological and chemical additives and ensiled in 1.6-L glass jars. Upon silo opening, fermentation characteristics, yeast counts and ASTA were determined as well as changes in IVOMD and ME during subsequent air exposure for up to 336 h. All silages were well preserved. The ASTA was improved by Lactobacillus buchneri-containing additives in all trials and by chemical additives in trial 3. In untreated silage, aeration reduced IVOMD and ME but variable effects of additives were observed. The nutritive value was maintained throughout aeration by all additives in trial 1, whereas in trial 3, only chemical additives were successful. A strong negative linear relationship across trials was detected between the extent of aerobic deterioration and changes in ME during air exposure (r = −0.756, p < 0.001). Silage additives improving aerobic stability have the potential to prevent the loss of nutritive value of grass and grass–clover silage during feed-out.

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  • The increase in pH during exposure to air is an important indicator of silage deterioration and can be attributed to the loss of lactic acid.

    “The increase in pH during exposure to air is an important indicator of silage deterioration and can be attributed to the loss of lactic acid [22], which was very clear in the uninoculated silages in the present study.”

    From Influence of Ensiling Timing and Inoculation on Whole Plant Maize Silage Fermentation and Aerobic Stability (Preliminary Research) (2024) · cites this paper as [22]

    Section 4.2 (page unavailable) says lactic acid is a carbon source for spoilage fungi during aerobic deterioration. Sections 3.1 and 4.1 (pages unavailable) associate lower lactic acid with higher silage pH, but in the context of additive-driven fermentation. The paper does not establish that a rise in pH during air exposure is an indicator of deterioration or that it results from lactic-acid loss. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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  • Our data support findings of proteolytic activity by Lactobacillus buchneri and consistently lower ammonia-N concentrations when Lactobacillus buchneri is combined with homofermentative LAB.

    “Our data support findings of proteolytic activity by Lactobacillus buchneri and consistently lower ammonia-N concentrations when Lactobacillus buchneri is combined with homofermentative LAB [22].”

    From Influence of Ensiling Timing and Inoculation on Whole Plant Maize Silage Fermentation and Aerobic Stability (Preliminary Research) (2024) · cites this paper as [22]

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 17

  1. Salvo, P.A.R.; Schonell, E.P.; Daniel, J.L.P.; Santos, M.C.; Morais, G.; Winckler, J.P.; Silva, J.; Nussio, L.G. Effects of Pichia norvegensis and air exposure on the nutritive value of corn silages for dairy cows. In Proceedings of the XVIIth International Silage Conference, Piracicaba, Brazil, 1-3 July 2015; pp. 70-71.
  2. Windle, M.; Kung, L., Jr. The effect of a feed additive on the feeding value of a silage based TMR exposed to air. J. Dairy Sci. 2013, 96, 16.
  3. Honig, H.; Thaysen, J. 10 years testing of silage additives by dlg-A comprehensive data evaluation. In Proceedings of the XIIIth International Silage Conference, Auchincruive, Scotland, 11-13 September 2002.
  4. Auerbach, H.; Nadeau, E. Chemical additives for silages: When to use it and what are the options? In Proceedings of the VIth International Symposium on Forage Quality and Conservation, Piracicaba, Brazil, 7-8 November 2019.
  5. Honig, H.; Schild, G.-J.; Weissbach, F.; Daenicke, R. Effect of a combination of lactic acid bacteria with formate and benzoate as a silage additive for grass under farm conditions. In Proceedings of the XIth International Silage Conference., Aberystwyth, UK, 8-11 September 1996.
  6. Muck, R.E.; Kung, L., Jr. Effects of silage additives on ensiling. In Proceedings of the Silage: Field to Feedbunk, North American Conference, Hershey, PA, USA, 11-13 February 1997.
  7. Auerbach, H.; Weiss, K.; Theobald, P.; Nadeau, E. Effects of inoculant type on dry matter losses, fermentation pattern, yeast count and aerobic stability of green rye silages. In Proceedings of the 12. BOKU-Symposium Tierernährung, Vienna, Austria, 11 April 2013.
  8. Steen, R.W.J. Recent advances in the use of silage additives for dairy cattle. In Proceedings of the Occasional Symposium No. 25-Management issues for the grassland farmer in the 1990's, Malvern, UK, 26-27 November 1990.
  9. Auerbach, H.; Nadeau, E.; Weiss, K.; Theobald, P. 2016a. Effects of sodium nitrite-containing additives on dry matter losses, fermentation pattern and biogenic amine formation in lucerne and cocksfoot silage. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Forage Conservation, Horny Smokovec, Slovak Republic, 27-29 September 2016.
  10. Nadeau, E.; Svensson, E.; Zaralis, K.; Helander, C.; Pauly, T.; Arnesson, A. Effects of additive on aerobic stability and nutritive value of maize silage stored during different time periods when harvested at advancing maturity stages. In Proceedings of the Advances in Animal Biosciences-8th International Symposium on the nutrition of herbivores, Aberythwyth, UK, 6-9 September 2011.
  11. Weissbach, F.; Strubelt, C. Correcting the dry matter content of grass silages as a substrate for biogas production. J. Agric. Eng. 2008, 63, 210.
  12. Weiss, K.; Kaiser, E. Milchsäurebstimmung in Silageextrakten mit Hilfe der HPLC [Lactic acid determination in silage extracts by HPLC]. Das Wirtschaftseigene Futter 1995, 41, 69-80.
  13. Von Lengerken, J.; Zimmermann, K. Handbuch Futtermittelprüfung [Handbook Feed Evaluation], 1st ed.; Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag: Berlin, Germany, 1991; pp. 206-267. (In German)
  14. Jonsson, A.; Pahlow, G. Systematic classification and biochemical characterization of yeasts growing in grass silage inoculated with Lactobacillus cultures. Anim. Res. Dev. 1984, 20, 7-22.
  15. Brüsemeister, F.; Kalzendorf, C.; Losand, B.; Ruser, B.; Thaysen, J. Influence of treating grass with a ferulate esterase releasing inoculant (Pioneer ® 11GFT) on preservation and total tract digestibility of ensilage. In Proceedings of the XVth International Silage Conference, Madison, WI, USA, 27-29 July 2009.
  16. Brüsemeister, F.; Kalzendorf, C.; Losand, B.; Ruser, B.; Thaysen, J. Influence of inoculating corn with a ferulate esterase releasing inoculant (Pioneer ® brand 11CFT) on preservation and total tract digestibility of ensilage. In Proceedings of the XVth International Silage Conference, Madison, WI, USA, 27-29 July 2009.
  17. Auerbach, H.; Weber, U.; Weber, G.; Weiss, K.; Theobald, P. Effects of different chemical additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of high-moisture corn ensiled in bags. In Proceedings of the XVIIth International Silage Conference, Piracicaba, Brazil, 1-3 July 2015.

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Authors
Auerbach, H., & Nadeau, E.
Affiliations
  • International Silage Consultancy, Thomas-Müntzer-Strasse 12, 06193 Wettin-Löbejün, Germany
  • Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE)
Corresponding author
Auerbach, Horst
ORCID
Venue
Agronomy
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-08-20
Volume
10
Issue
9
Pages
1229
ISSN
2073-4395 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/agronomy10091229
OpenAlex
W3076279434
Cited by
28
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3
FWCI
4.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Agronomy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Epsilon Open Archive (Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet biblioteket (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences)) (acceptedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU).KONSIL Europe GmbH, Germany. (Region Västra Götaland, Skara. The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society .International Silage Consultancy)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Keywords
silage additives, aerobic stability, silage fermentation, air exposure, grass silage, grass-clover silage, Lactobacillus buchneri, biological additives, chemical additives, in vitro organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, nutritional value, yeast count, dry matter loss

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