Identification of the major yeasts isolated from high moisture corn and corn silages in the United States using genetic and biochemical methods
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The objective of this study was to identify species of yeasts in samples of high moisture corn (HMC) and corn silage (CS) collected from farms throughout the United States. Samples were plated and colonies were isolated for identification using DNA analysis. Randomly selected colonies were also identified by fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and by physiological substrate profiling (ID 32C). For CS, Candida ethanolica, Saccharomyces bulderi, Pichia anomala, Kazachstania unispora, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were the predominant yeasts. Pichia anomala, Issatchenkia orientalis, S. cerevisiae, and Pichia fermentans were the prevalent species in HMC. The 3 identification methods were in agreement at the species level for 16.6% of the isolates and showed no agreement for 25.7%. Agreement in species identification between ID 32C and DNA analysis, FAME and ID 32C, and FAME and DNA analysis was 41.1, 14.4, and 2.2%, respectively. Pichia anomala and I. orientalis were able to grow on lactic acid, whereas S. cerevisiae metabolized sugars (galactose, sucrose, and glucose) but failed to use lactic acid. The yeast diversity in CS and HMC varied due to type of feed and location. Differences in species assignments were seen among methods, but identification using substrate profiling generally corresponded with that based on DNA analysis. These findings provide information about the species that may be expected in silages, and this knowledge may lead to interventions that control unwanted yeasts.
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Santos et al. [48] reported that Candida, Saccharomyces, Pichia, and Kazachstania were the dominant yeast genera in corn and high moisture corn silages.
“Santos et al. [48] studied the diversity of yeast populations in corn and high moisture corn silages. They reported that isolates obtained on malt agar plates showed that Candida, Saccharomyces, Pichia, and Kazachstania were the dominant genera.”
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- Authors
- Santos, M. C., Golt, C., Joerger, R. D., Mechor, G. D., Mourão, G. B., & Kung, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Delaware (US)
- Elanco (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kung, L.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1151-1160
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2554366902
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 2.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Elanco Animal Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Keywords
- yeast identification, high-moisture corn, corn silage, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Candida krusei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida ethanolica, Kazachstania unispora, Pichia fermentans, fatty acid methyl esters, substrate profiling, DNA-based identification, yeast diversity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Zea mays, Saccharomycetales, Fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Silage, United States, Yeasts
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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