Change in the distribution pattern of Dirofilaria immitis in Gran Canaria (hyperendemic island) between 1994 and 2020
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Dirofilariosis is a zoonotic disease that mainly affects dogs and cats, with a high risk to public health. The island of Gran Canaria (Spain) has been shown to be a hyperendemic area of infection and, therefore, a model for studying the evolution of the disease. The objective of this study was to track the prevalence and distribution of heartworm in dogs, cats, and residents of Gran Canaria from 1994 to 2020, using published and unpublished data. Blood samples from 5841 dogs, 1203 cats, and 1604 humans were collected in the years analyzed, considering geographical and isoclimatic factors. In 1994, a prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis of 67.02% in dogs was reported, while in 2020 it was 15.81%. In cats, the seroprevalence in 2010 was 33.03%, compared to 17.20% in 2020. The incidence of D. immitis in humans in 2008 was 18.66%, while in 2020 it was 8.27%. For all study groups, temperate cold zone (TC) and temperate mild zone (TM) climates had the highest prevalence. Throughout these 20 years, the prevalence of heartworm disease has decreased. Despite this, it continues to be a hyperendemic island. This study highlights the importance of using the “One Health” perspective and the risks of contagion of the disease.
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In the Canary Islands, elevated infection risk may be related to geomorphological and climatic conditions that can favor year-round transmission.
“In the Canary Islands, the elevated infection risk, together with the number and distribution of infected animals, may be related to the particular geomorphological and climatic conditions of the archipelago, which can favor year-round transmission (8, 24).”
From Deciphering the socio-environmental factors associated with realized heartworm transmission risk in dogs from Portugal and Spain (2026) · cites this paper as [24]
The Introduction (page not provided) links heartworm prevalence to orography and climate and describes the Canary Islands as hyperendemic. The Discussion (page not provided) says temperature, humidity, and water availability favor the transmitting vector. These passages support a possible environmental link to infection risk, but they do not say that conditions favor year-round transmission. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Flagged first, then by citations
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“…conditions and do not receive any vaccination, deworming, or chemoprophylaxis against heartworm, in addition to a higher exposure to the vector and the fact that they mainly inhabit the climatic zones with the highest heartworm prevalences, which are the Csa, Csb, and BS climates [10,19].”
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Castro-Mendoza, S. M., Cerón-Cedeño, N. E., & Campozano-Marcillo, G. A. (2026) · Revista de Ciencias Agropecuarias ALLPA · doi:10.56124/allpa.v9i17.0146
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“A total of 125 anonymized human serum samples from residents of Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain) were retrospectively selected from a diagnostic serum archive of patients evaluated for allergic conditions.”
InfluentialMatos, J. I., Díaz-Rocio, C., García-Rodríguez, S. N., Caro‐Vadillo, A., García-Guasch, L., Mohr-Peraza, E., Montoya-Alonso, J. A., & Carretón, E. (2026) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16203239
“The study was conducted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, located in an area endemic for D. immitis , between April 2025 and March 2026 [20].”
- Authors
- Montoya-Alonso, J. A., García-Rodríguez, S. N., Matos, J. I., Costa-Rodríguez, N., Falcón-Cordón, Y., Carretón, E., & Morchón, R.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ES)
- Corresponding author
- García-Rodríguez, Sara Nieves
- ORCID
- Venue
- Animals
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-07-11
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 2037
- ISSN
- 2076-2615 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11273938
- OpenAlex
- W4400529980
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Animals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Acceda (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Servicio de Medicina Veterinaria FULP/ULPGC (SD-240/030/0026, TESIS2021010010, PIFULPGC-2017-CCSALUD-3, PIFULPGC-2020-2-CCSALUD-2)
- Grants for the predoctoral training program for researchers (SD-240/030/0026, TESIS2021010010, PIFULPGC-2017-CCSALUD-3, PIFULPGC-2020-2-CCSALUD-2)
- Grants for the financing of predoctoral contracts (SD-240/030/0026, TESIS2021010010, PIFULPGC-2017-CCSALUD-3, PIFULPGC-2020-2-CCSALUD-2)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Keywords
- Dirofilaria immitis, heartworm disease, zoonotic filariasis, hyperendemicity, Gran Canaria, dogs, cats, human infection, seroprevalence, disease prevalence trends, climate zones, One Health, disease transmission
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