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Diagnostic Biomarkers in Liver Injury by Drugs, Herbs, and Alcohol: Tricky Dilemma after EMA Correctly and Officially Retracted Letter of Support

Teschke, Rolf, Eickhoff, Axel, Brown, Amy C., Neuman, Manuela G., Schulze, Johannes·2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms21010212PMC PMC6981464
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Abstract

Liver injuries caused by the use of exogenous compounds such as drugs, herbs, and alcohol are commonly well diagnosed using laboratory tests, toxin analyses, or eventually reactive intermediates generated during metabolic degradation of the respective chemical in the liver and subject to covalent binding by target proteins. Conditions are somewhat different for idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (DILI), for which metabolic intermediates as diagnostic aids are rarely available. Although the diagnosis of idiosyncratic DILI can well be established using the validated, liver specific, structured, and quantitative RUCAM (Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method), there is an ongoing search for new diagnostic biomarkers that could assist in and also confirm RUCAM-based DILI diagnoses. With respect to idiosyncratic DILI and following previous regulatory letters of recommendations, selected biomarkers reached the clinical focus, including microRNA-122, microRNA-192, cytokeratin analogues, glutamate dehydrogenase, total HMGB-1 (High Mobility Group Box), and hyperacetylated HMGB-1 proteins. However, the new parameters total HMGB-1, and even more so the acetylated HMGB-1, came under critical scientific fire after misconduct at one of the collaborating partner centers, leading the EMA to recommend no longer the exploratory hyperacetylated HMGB1 isoform biomarkers in clinical studies. The overall promising nature of the recommended biomarkers was considered by EMA as highly dependent on the outstanding results of the now incriminated biomarker hyperacetylated HMGB-1. The EMA therefore correctly decided to officially retract its Letter of Support affecting all biomarkers listed above. New biomarkers are now under heavy scrutiny that will require re-evaluations prior to newly adapted recommendations. With Integrin beta 3 (ITGB3), however, a new diagnostic biomarker may emerge, possibly being drug specific but tested in only 16 patients; due to substantial remaining uncertainties, final recommendations would be premature. In conclusion, most of the currently recommended new biomarkers have lost regulatory support due to scientific misconduct, requiring now innovative approaches and re-evaluation before they can be assimilated into clinical practice.

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  • The retraction by EMA was the consequence of faulty results based on studies misconducted by not-further identified liver injury experts.

    “The retraction by EMA was the consequence of faulty results based on studies misconducted by not-further identified liver injury experts.11,65”

    From Herb-induced Liver Injury in Asia and Current Role of RUCAM for Causality Assessment in 11,160 Published Cases (2020) · cites this paper as [65]

  • Some diagnostic biomarkers are well established for HILI and DILI, but others came under scientific fire due to recent actions of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) through the correct and official retraction of its earlier Letter of Support to promote biomarker research and use.

    “Some diagnostic biomarkers are well established for HILI and DILI, but others came under scientific fire due to recent actions of the European Medicines Agency (known as the EMA) through the correct and official retraction of its earlier Letter of Support to promote biomarker research and use.65”

    From Herb-induced Liver Injury in Asia and Current Role of RUCAM for Causality Assessment in 11,160 Published Cases (2020) · cites this paper as [65]

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Metadata

Authors
Teschke, R., Eickhoff, A., Brown, A. C., Neuman, M. G., & Schulze, J.
Affiliations
  • Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, D-63450 Hanau, Germany
  • Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
  • Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M2 R1 W6, Canada
  • Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-12-27
Volume
21
Issue
1
Pages
212
ISSN
1422-0067
DOI
10.3390/ijms21010212
PMC
PMC6981464
Cited by
30
References
5
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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