Mindfulness-Based Program for Anxiety and Depression Treatment in Healthcare Professionals: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
In primary health care, the work environment can cause high levels of anxiety and depression, triggering relevant expert and individual change. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programs reduce signs of anxiety and depression. The purpose of this sub-analysis of the total project, was to equate the effectiveness of the standard MBSR curriculum with the abbreviated version in minimizing anxiety and depression. This randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled 112 mentors and resident specialists from Family and Community Medicine and Nurses (FCMN), distributed across six teaching units (TU) of the Spanish National Health System (SNHS). Experimental group participants received a MBRS training (abbreviated/standard). Depression and anxiety levels were measured with the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS) at three different time periods during the analysis: before (pre-test) and after (post-test) participation, as well as 3 months after the completion of intervention. Taking into account the pre-test scores as the covariate, an adjusted analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed significant depletion in anxiety and depression in general (F (2.91) = 4.488; p = 0.014; η2 = 0.090) and depression in particular (F (2, 91) = 6.653; p = 0.002; η2 = 0.128 at the post-test visit, maintaining their effects for 3 months (F (2.79) = 3.031; p = 0.050; η2 = 0.071—F (2.79) = 2.874; p = 0.049; η2 = 0.068, respectively), which is associated with the use of a standard training program. The abbreviated training program did not have a significant effect on the level of anxiety and depression. The standard MBSR training program had a positive effect on anxiety and depression and promotes long-lasting effects in tutors and resident practitioners. New research is needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of abbreviated versions of training programs.
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Studies with university students, adolescents, and healthcare workers showed remarkably consistent improvements in emotional regulation and psychological well-being.
“studies with university students, El Morr and Loucks [24,45], adolescents (Chi and Díaz-González) [31,40], and healthcare workers by Santamaría-Peláez [42] showed remarkably consistent improvements in emotional regulation and psychological well-being.”
From The Effects of Mindfulness Techniques on Anxiety, Depression, and Stress, with an Emphasis on Gratitude: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [42]
The Results (§3.2; page unavailable) report reduced depression scores among healthcare professionals in the standard-program group. The Discussion (§4; page unavailable) describes emotional-regulation benefits of mindfulness programs generally, but this trial did not report a direct measure of emotional regulation or psychological well-being; it also found no improvement in anxiety. Thus, the source supports a narrower improvement than the citing sentence attributes to the healthcare-worker study. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Santamaría-Peláez, M., González-Bernal, J. J., Verdes-Montenegro-Atalaya, J. C., Pérula-de Torres, L. Á., Roldán-Villalobos, A., Romero-Rodríguez, E., Hachem Salas, N., Magallón Botaya, R., González-Navarro, T. D. J., Arias-Vega, R., Valverde, F. J., Jiménez-Barrios, M., Mínguez, L. A., León-del-Barco, B., Soto-Cámara, R., & González-Santos, J.
- Affiliations
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Universidad de Burgos (ES)
- Multi-Professional Teaching Unit for Family and Community Care of Córdoba, Healthcare District of Córdoba and Guadalquivir, Institute Maimónides of Research Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14001 Cordoba, Spain
- Carlos Castilla del Pino Health Center, Healthcare District of Córdoba and Guadalquivir, Institute Maimónides of Research Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14001 Cordoba, Spain
- Healthcare District of Córdoba and Guadalquivir, Institute Maimónides of Research Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14001 Cordoba, Spain
- Mediterráneo-Torrecardenas Health Center, 04009 Almería, Spain
- IIS-Aragon—Group B21-R17, Family and Community Medicine Teaching Department of Zaragoza Sector 1, Institute of Health Carlos III—REDIAPP 06/18, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas (ES)
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (ES)
- Universidad de Jaén (ES)
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-12-17
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 5941
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8708843
- OpenAlex
- W4200364985
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Zaguan (Universidad de Zaragoza) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- DGA group (B17-17R) and the Network for Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (REDIAPP) grant from the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, co-financed with European Union ERDF funds (RD16/0007/0005)
- “Isabel Fernández, 2017” scholarship from the Andalusian Society of Family and Community Medicine (SAMFyC, Ref. 153/17)
- Call for research and innovation projects in the field of Primary Care of the Andalusian Health Service . (Ref. AP-0155-2018)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based stress reduction, anxiety, depression, healthcare workers, primary care, family and community medicine, medical residents, Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, long-term effects, occupational stress
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