A Diverse Repertoire of Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Gene Clusters in Lactobacillus Revealed by Comparative Analysis in 106 Sequenced Genomes
Open accessAbstract
Production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) is one of the unique features of Lactobacillus genus. EPS not only have many physiological roles such as in stress tolerance, quorum sensing and biofilm formation, but also have numerous applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we identified and compared EPS biosynthesis gene clusters in 106 sequenced Lactobacillus genomes representing 27 species. Of the 146 identified clusters, only 41 showed the typical generic organization of genes as reported earlier. Hierarchical clustering showed highly varied nature of the clusters in terms of the gene composition; nonetheless, habitat-wise grouping was observed for the gene clusters from host-adapted and nomadic strains. Of the core genes required for EPS biosynthesis, epsA, B, C, D and E showed higher conservation, whereas gt, wzx and wzy showed high variability in terms of the number and composition of the protein families. Analysis of the distribution pattern of the protein families indicated a higher proportion of mutually exclusive families in clusters from host-adapted and nomadic strains, whereas those from the free-living group had very few unique families. Taken together, this analysis highlights high variability in the EPS gene clusters amongst Lactobacillus with some of their properties correlated to the habitats.
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The most conserved cluster appears to be cps4A-J, which presents tyrosine kinases, phosphotyrosine phosphatase, a priming glycosyltransferase, glycosyltransferases, a flipase and a polysaccharide polymerase.
“The most conserved cluster appears to be the cps4A-J, which presents tyrosine kinases, phosphotyrosine phosphatase, a priming glycosyltransferase, glycosyltransferases, a flipase and a polysaccharide polymerase [17].”
From Lactic Acid Bacteria Exopolysaccharides Producers: A Sustainable Tool for Functional Foods (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Section 3.2 (page unavailable) describes a conserved epsABCDE stretch in generic Lactobacillus EPS clusters, followed by glycosyltransferase genes, a flippase and a polysaccharide polymerase. Section 3.5 discusses the phosphoregulatory genes. The paper does not identify a cps4A-J cluster or say that it is the most conserved cluster, so the specific identification and ranking are unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn Lpb. plantarum, multiple EPS clusters have been described.
“In Lpb. plantarum, multiple EPS clusters have been described [17].”
From Lactic Acid Bacteria Exopolysaccharides Producers: A Sustainable Tool for Functional Foods (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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“The most conserved cluster appears to be the cps4A-J, which presents tyrosine kinases, phosphotyrosine phosphatase, a priming glycosyltransferase, glycosyltransferases, a flipase and a polysaccharide polymerase [17].”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Deo, D., Davray, D., & Kulkarni, R.
- Affiliations
- Symbiosis International University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Kulkarni, Ram
- Venue
- Microorganisms
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-10-11
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 444
- ISSN
- 2076-2607 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6843789
- OpenAlex
- W2979485726
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 5.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Microorganisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- University College Cork
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, Lactobacillus, gene clusters, comparative genomics, EPSA, EPSC, Epse, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, stress tolerance
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