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Cited by 109Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNutritional Studies and DietDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Nutritional Risk Factors, Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: What Is the Current Evidence?

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Boulos, Christa, Yaghi, Nathalie, El Hayeck, Rita, Heraoui, Gessica NHA, Fakhoury-Sayegh, Nicole·2019·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu11081896PMC PMC6722832
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Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a frequent neurodegenerative disease among elderly people. Genetic and underlying environmental factors seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of PD related to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum. In previous experimental researches oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, homocysteine, and neuroinflammation have been reported as potential mechanisms. Among environmental factors, nutrition is one of the most investigated areas as it is a potentially modifiable factor. The purpose of this review is to provide current knowledge regarding the relation between diet and PD risk. We performed a comprehensive review including the most relevant studies from the year 2000 onwards including prospective studies, nested case-control studies, and meta-analysis. Among dietary factors we focused on specific nutrients and food groups, alcoholic beverages, uric acid, and dietary patterns. Furthermore, we included studies on microbiota as recent findings have shown a possible impact on neurodegeneration. As a conclusion, there are still many controversies regarding the relationship between PD and diet which, beside methodological differences among studies, may be due to underlying genetic and gender-specific factors. However, some evidence exists regarding a potential protective effect of uric acid, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, coffee, and tea but mainly in men, whereas dairy products, particularly milk, might increase PD risk through contaminant mediated effect.

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  • The consumption of fiber and sugar has been linked to key gut pathways implicated in PD pathogenesis, including microbial diversity, SCFA synthesis, and intestinal luminal integrity.

    “The consumption of fiber and sugar has been linked to key gut pathways implicated in PD pathogenesis, including microbial diversity, SCFA synthesis, and intestinal luminal integrity [183, 184].”

    From The gut–brain axis in early Parkinson’s disease: from prodrome to prevention (2025) · cites this paper as [183]

    Section 3.5 (Microbiota; page unavailable) links breakdown of cellulose and starch by gut bacteria to SCFA production and discusses microbial diversity and leaky gut in PD. But the review does not establish the claimed links between consumption of both fiber and sugar and all three pathways; its discussion of dietary fiber intake in §3.4 concerns constipation, not those pathways. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Boulos, C., Yaghi, N., El Hayeck, R., Heraoui, G. N., & Fakhoury-Sayegh, N.
Affiliations
  • Saint Joseph University (LB)
  • Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Damascus Road, P.O. Box 11-5076, Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
Corresponding author
Boulos, Christa
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-08-14
Volume
11
Issue
8
Pages
1896
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu11081896
PMC
PMC6722832
OpenAlex
W2968191853
Cited by
109
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10
FWCI
1.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
Parkinson's disease, diet, nutritional risk factors, gut microbiota, uric acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, coffee, tea, dairy products, milk, alcoholic beverages, dietary habits, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, homocysteine, neuroinflammation, sex differences
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Diet, Healthy, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Nutritional Status, Nutritive Value, Parkinson Disease, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Protective Factors

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