A prebiotic diet modulates microglial states and motor deficits in α-synuclein overexpressing mice
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by neuroinflammation, α-synuclein pathology, and neurodegeneration. Most cases of PD are non-hereditary, suggesting a strong role for environmental factors, and it has been speculated that disease may originate in peripheral tissues such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract before affecting the brain. The gut microbiome is altered in PD and may impact motor and GI symptoms as indicated by animal studies, although mechanisms of gut-brain interactions remain incompletely defined. Intestinal bacteria ferment dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids, with fecal levels of these molecules differing between PD and healthy controls and in mouse models. Among other effects, dietary microbial metabolites can modulate activation of microglia, brain-resident immune cells implicated in PD. We therefore investigated whether a fiber-rich diet influences microglial function in α-synuclein overexpressing (ASO) mice, a preclinical model with PD-like symptoms and pathology. Feeding a prebiotic high-fiber diet attenuates motor deficits and reduces α-synuclein aggregation in the substantia nigra of mice. Concomitantly, the gut microbiome of ASO mice adopts a profile correlated with health upon prebiotic treatment, which also reduces microglial activation. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of microglia from the substantia nigra and striatum uncovers increased pro-inflammatory signaling and reduced homeostatic responses in ASO mice compared to wild-type counterparts on standard diets. However, prebiotic feeding reverses pathogenic microglial states in ASO mice and promotes expansion of protective disease-associated macrophage (DAM) subsets of microglia. Notably, depletion of microglia using a CSF1R inhibitor eliminates the beneficial effects of prebiotics by restoring motor deficits to ASO mice despite feeding a prebiotic diet. These studies uncover a novel microglia-dependent interaction between diet and motor symptoms in mice, findings that may have implications for neuroinflammation and PD.
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Boosting levels of SCFAs with prebiotic intervention upregulates the neuroprotective phenotype of microglia in ASO mice, coupled with reduced motor deficits and α-synuclein aggregation in the SN.
“Boosting the levels of SCFAs with prebiotic intervention upregulates the neuroprotective phenotype of microglia in ASO mice, coupled with reduced motor deficits and α-synuclein aggregation in the SN.318”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [318]
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Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases
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Overview of the Gut Microbiome
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The gut microbiome in animal models of Parkinson’s disease
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Therapeutic Interventions: Modulating the Microbiome to Combat Neurodegeneration
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- Authors
- Abdel-Haq, R., Schlachetzki, J. C., Boktor, J. C., Cantu-Jungles, T. M., Thron, T., Zhang, M., Bostick, J. W., Khazaei, T., Chilakala, S., Morais, L. H., Humphrey, G., Keshavarzian, A., Katz, J. E., Thomson, M., Knight, R., Gradinaru, V., Hamaker, B. R., Glass, C. K., & Mazmanian, S. K.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mazmanian, Sarkis K
- ORCID
- Abdel-Haq, Reem
- Schlachetzki, Johannes CM
- Boktor, Joseph C
- Cantu-Jungles, Thaisa M
- Thron, Taren
- Zhang, Mengying
- Bostick, John W
- Khazaei, Tahmineh
- Chilakala, Sujatha
- Morais, Livia H
- Keshavarzian, Ali
- Katz, Jonathan E
- Thomson, Matthew
- Knight, Rob
- Gradinaru, Viviana
- Hamaker, Bruce R
- Glass, Christopher K
- Mazmanian, Sarkis K
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2022-11-08
- Volume
- 11
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9668333
- OpenAlex
- W4308633748
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 8.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2023-08-31)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense (PD160030)
- Heritage Medical Research Institute (HMRI-15-09-01)
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP-000375)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, dietary fiber, microglia, alpha-synuclein overexpression, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, neuroinflammation, motor impairment, substantia nigra, CSF1R inhibition, gut-brain axis, microglial activation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diet, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Parkinson Disease, Substantia Nigra, Microglia, Mice, alpha-Synuclein, Prebiotics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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