Nuts and their effect on gut microbiota, gut function and symptoms in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
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Nuts contain fibre, unsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols that may impact the composition of the gut microbiota and overall gut health. This study aimed to assess the impact of nuts on gut microbiota, gut function and gut symptoms via a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in healthy adults. Eligible RCTs were identified by systematic searches of five electronic databases, hand searching of conference abstracts, clinical trials databases, back-searching reference lists and contact with key stakeholders. Eligible studies were RCTs administering tree nuts or peanuts in comparison to control, measuring any outcome related to faecal microbiota, function or symptoms. Two reviewers independently screened papers, performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Outcome data were synthesised as weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) using a random effects model. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019138169). Eight studies reporting nine RCTs were included, investigating almonds (n = 5), walnuts (n = 3) and pistachios (n = 1). Nut consumption significantly increased Clostridium (SMD: 0.40; 95% CI, 0.10, 0.71; p = 0.01), Dialister (SMD: 0.44; 95% CI, 0.13, 0.75; p = 0.005), Lachnospira (SMD: 0.33; 95% CI, 0.02, 0.64; p = 0.03) and Roseburia (SMD: 0.36; 95% CI, 0.10, 0.62; p = 0.006), and significantly decreased Parabacteroides (SMD: −0.31; 95% CI, −0.62, −0.00; p = 0.05). There was no effect of nuts on bacterial phyla, diversity or stool output. Further parallel design RCTs, powered to detect changes in faecal microbiota and incorporating functional and clinical outcomes, are needed.
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A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials concluded that nut consumption shapes the microbiota at the genus level (e.g., increases in Clostridium, Dialister, Roseburia, and Lachnospira, decrease in Parabacteroides); however, the specific effects depend on the type and amount of nut consumed and the duration of the intervention.
“A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effect of nut consumption on gut microbiota concluded that nut consumption shapes the microbiota at the genus level (e.g., increases in Clostridium, Dialister, Roseburia, and Lachnospira, decrease in Parabacteroides); however, the specific effects depend on the type and amount of nut consumed and the duration of”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [184]
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- Authors
- Creedon, A. C., Hung, E. S., Berry, S. E., & Whelan, K.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Whelan, Kevin
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-08-06
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2347
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7468923
- OpenAlex
- W3047358851
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 0.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nuts composition and effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- nuts, gut microbiota, fecal microbiota, gastrointestinal function, gastrointestinal symptoms, tree nuts, groundnut, almond, Juglans regia, pistachio, Clostridium, Dialister, Lachnospira, Roseburia, Parabacteroides, dietary intervention, healthy adults
- MeSH terms
- Prunus dulcis, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adult, Eating, Feces, Female, Humans, Intestinal Diseases, Intestines, Male, Nuts, Arachis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Pistacia, Juglans
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