Influence of Mediterranean Diet on Human Gut Microbiota
Open accessAbstract
Gut microbiota changes correlate with health status. Literature data on gut microbiota show that all dietary changes can induce the alteration of gut microbiota composition. Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a reduction of all-cause mortality and in this review, we analyzed its interactions with human microbiota. In particular, we explored the modulation of the human microbiota, in response to MD adherence, focusing the attention on polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ω-3 and fiber. Evidences suggest that MD is able to modulate the gut microbiota, increasing its diversity. In fact, a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern is associated with specific gut microbiota characteristics. The available evidence, suggests that gut microbiota of subjects that follow a MD is significantly different from subjects that follow a Western diet model. In fact, the latter show an increased gut permeability, which is responsible for metabolic endotoxemia. For this reason, we can speculate that the gut microbiota of the subjects following a MD is able to prevent the onset of chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. However, in order to understand these correlations with dietary patterns, controlled intervention studies on the gut microbiota composition and activity are needed.
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The Mediterranean diet leads to an increase in the number of intestinal bacterial species responsible for producing short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), which are essential for preventing metabolic diseases.
“MD leads to an increase in the number of intestinal bacterial species responsible for producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, essential for proper functioning in preventing metabolic diseases [115].”
From Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence? (2022) · cites this paper as [115]
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- Authors
- Merra, G., Noce, A., Marrone, G., Cintoni, M., Tarsitano, M. G., Capacci, A., & De Lorenzo, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IT)
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author
- Merra, Giuseppe
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-12-22
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7822000
- OpenAlex
- W3116639329
- Cited by
- 417
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 100 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, polyphenols, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, Western diet, intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, microbiome diversity, cardiovascular disease, cancer prevention, non-communicable diseases
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Olive Oil, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diet, Dietary Fiber, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Humans, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Databases, Factual, Diet, Mediterranean, Polyphenols
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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