Intestinal microbiota, diet and health
Open accessAbstract
The human intestine is colonised by 10¹³ to 10¹⁴ micro-organisms, the vast majority of which belong to the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Although highly stable over time, the composition and activities of the microbiota may be influenced by a number of factors including age, diet and antibiotic treatment. Although perturbations in the composition or functions of the microbiota are linked to inflammatory and metabolic disorders (e.g. inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome and obesity), it is unclear at this point whether these changes are a symptom of the disease or a contributing factor. A better knowledge of the mechanisms through which changes in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) promote disease states is needed to improve our understanding of the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and disease. While evidence of the preventive and therapeutic effects of probiotic strains on diarrhoeal illness and other intestinal conditions is promising, the exact mechanisms of the beneficial effects are not fully understood. Recent studies have raised the question of whether non-viable probiotic strains can confer health benefits on the host by influencing the immune system. As the potential health effect of these non-viable bacteria depends on whether the mechanism of this effect is dependent on viability, future research needs to consider each probiotic strain on a case-by-case basis. The present review provides a comprehensive, updated overview of the human gut microbiota, the factors influencing its composition and the role of probiotics as a therapeutic modality in the treatment and prevention of diseases and/or restoration of human health.
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Lachnospira is one of the core genera of the gut microbiota and is recognised as the only Firmicutes besides Faecalibacterium and Eubacterium able to degrade pectins.
“Lachnospira is one of the core genera of the gut microbiota 4 and recognised as the only Firmicutes able to degrade pectins beyond Faecalibacterium and Eubacterium.56”
From High-level adherence to a Mediterranean diet beneficially impacts the gut microbiota and associated metabolome (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
The gut microbiome appears increasingly important; probiotics in yogurt appear to interact with microbiota to reduce weight gain.
“The gut microbiome also appears increasingly important; e.g., probiotics in yogurt appear to interact with microbiota to reduce weight gain.28, 29, 51-54”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [54]
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- Authors
- Power, S. E., O'Toole, P. W., Stanton, C., Ross, R. P., & Fitzgerald, G. F.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Fitzgerald, Gerald F.
- Venue
- British Journal Of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2013-08-12
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 387-402
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2139654690
- Cited by
- 476
- References
- 171
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 3.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Science Foundation Ireland (07/CE/B1368)
- Irish Research Council
- Alimentary Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, diet, dysbiosis, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, probiotics, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, antibiotic therapy, immune system, diarrhoeal diseases, disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Diet, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Health Status, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Models, Biological, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Dietary Supplements, Probiotics, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Microbial Viability
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