Depression and accelerated aging: the eveningness chronotype and low adherence to the mediterranean diet are associated with depressive symptoms in older subjects
Open accessAbstract
Background and objectives: Depression often results in premature aging, which increases the risk of other chronic diseases, but very few studies have analyzed the association between epigenetic biomarkers of aging and depressive symptoms. Similarly, limited research has examined the joint effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and chronotype on depressive symptoms, accounting for sex differences. Therefore, these are the objectives of our investigation in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: We analyzed 465 older subjects (aged 55–75) with metabolic syndrome and assessed depressive symptoms by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). MedDiet adherence was measured with the 17-item MedDiet score, and chronotype with the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Blood DNA methylation was analyzed, and epigenomic biomarkers of age acceleration were determined. We focused on the Dunedin Pace of Aging Computed from the Epigenome (DunedinPACE). We fitted multivariable models with interaction terms. Results: Prevalence of depression was statistically higher in women (p < 0.001). MedDiet adherence was strongly and inversely associated with depressive symptoms in the whole population (p < 0.01), while the MEQ score was inversely associated (p < 0.05). In the joint analysis, both MedDiet adherence and chronotype remained statistically associated with the BDI-II score (p < 0.05), showing additive effects. No interaction effects were observed. In women, a higher score in depressive symptoms was significantly associated with faster age acceleration (measured with the DunedinPACE biomarker). This association remained significant even after adjustment for MedDiet adherence and chronotype. Conclusions: In older subjects with metabolic syndrome, the eveningness chronotype was associated with greater depressive symptoms, but a higher adherence to the MedDiet could potentially counteract the chronotype risk with additive effects. Women showed stronger associations, and importantly, we reported for the first time in this population that depressive symptoms were associated with accelerated aging.
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Peripheral methylation may reflect not only illness severity but also chronicity and recurrence risk.
“suggesting that peripheral methylation may reflect not only illness severity but also chronicity and recurrence risk (Sorlí et al., 2024; Norbury, 2021; Au and Reece, 2017)”
From Histone modifications and depression: epigenetic mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and translational outlook (2026) · cites this paper as Sorlí et al., 2024
The Results (§3.6; page unavailable) associate a blood-DNA-methylation biomarker, DunedinPACE, with depressive-symptom severity in women, but not in men. The study is cross-sectional, and the cited passages do not establish that peripheral methylation reflects illness chronicity or predicts recurrence risk. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDepressive symptoms-particularly in women-are associated with faster biological aging as indicated by measures such as the DunedinPACE clock.
“measures such as the DunedinPACE clock indicate that depressive symptoms—particularly in women—are associated with faster biological aging”
From Histone modifications and depression: epigenetic mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and translational outlook (2026) · cites this paper as Sorlí et al., 2024
The Results (§3.6) report that higher depressive-symptom scores were significantly associated with faster biological aging measured by DunedinPACE in women, but not in men; the combined-sex result was only borderline significant. The claim omits that the study concerned older subjects with metabolic syndrome, so it presents the finding more broadly than the paper establishes. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Sorlí, J. V., de la Cámara, E., Fernández-Carrión, R., Asensio, E. M., Portolés, O., Ortega-Azorín, C., Pérez-Fidalgo, A., Villamil, L. V., Fitó, M., Barragán, R., Coltell, O., & Corella, D.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Corella, Dolores
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-12-30
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 104
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11722703
- OpenAlex
- W4405949024
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5
- FWCI
- 3.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Spanish Ministry of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (CIBER 06/03, SAF2016–80532-R, PI13/00728, PI16/00366, PI19/00781, PROMETEO2017/017, PROMETEO/2021/021, CIGRIS/2022/082, PID2019-108858RB-I00, PID2023-150110OB-I00)
- Generalitat Valenciana (CIBER 06/03, SAF2016–80532-R, PI13/00728, PI16/00366, PI19/00781, PROMETEO2017/017, PROMETEO/2021/021, CIGRIS/2022/082, PID2019-108858RB-I00, PID2023-150110OB-I00)
- Programa Santiago Grisolía (CIBER 06/03, SAF2016–80532-R, PI13/00728, PI16/00366, PI19/00781, PROMETEO2017/017, PROMETEO/2021/021, CIGRIS/2022/082, PID2019-108858RB-I00, PID2023-150110OB-I00)
- AEI 10.13039/501100011033 (CIBER 06/03, SAF2016–80532-R, PI13/00728, PI16/00366, PI19/00781, PROMETEO2017/017, PROMETEO/2021/021, CIGRIS/2022/082, PID2019-108858RB-I00, PID2023-150110OB-I00)
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-AEI (CIBER 06/03, SAF2016–80532-R, PI13/00728, PI16/00366, PI19/00781, PROMETEO2017/017, PROMETEO/2021/021, CIGRIS/2022/082, PID2019-108858RB-I00, PID2023-150110OB-I00)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- depression, accelerated aging, Mediterranean diet adherence, DNA methylation, DunedinPACE, metabolic syndrome, older adults, sex differences, depressive symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Chronotype, Aged, Aging, Circadian Rhythm, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Biomarkers, DNA Methylation, Aging, Premature, Metabolic Syndrome, Diet, Mediterranean
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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