Cited by 376Nutritional Studies and DietNutrition, Genetics, and DiseaseNatural Antidiabetic Agents Studies

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Functional Foods and Lifestyle Approaches for Diabetes Prevention and Management

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Alkhatib, Ahmad, Tsang, Catherine, Tiss, Ali, Bahorun, Theeshan, Arefanian, Hossein, Barake, Roula, Khadir, Abdelkrim, Tuomilehto, Jaakko·2017·Nutrients

DOI 10.3390/nu9121310PMC PMC5748760

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Abstract

Functional foods contain biologically active ingredients associated with physiological health benefits for preventing and managing chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A regular consumption of functional foods may be associated with enhanced anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, insulin sensitivity, and anti-cholesterol functions, which are considered integral to prevent and manage T2DM. Components of the Mediterranean diet (MD)—such as fruits, vegetables, oily fish, olive oil, and tree nuts—serve as a model for functional foods based on their natural contents of nutraceuticals, including polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, pigments, and unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols within MD and polyphenol-rich herbs—such as coffee, green tea, black tea, and yerba maté—have shown clinically-meaningful benefits on metabolic and microvascular activities, cholesterol and fasting glucose lowering, and anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation in high-risk and T2DM patients. However, combining exercise with functional food consumption can trigger and augment several metabolic and cardiovascular protective benefits, but it is under-investigated in people with T2DM and bariatric surgery patients. Detecting functional food benefits can now rely on an “omics” biological profiling of individuals’ molecular, genetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, but is under-investigated in multi-component interventions. A personalized approach for preventing and managing T2DM should consider biological and behavioral models, and embed nutrition education as part of lifestyle diabetes prevention studies. Functional foods may provide additional benefits in such an approach.

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Authors: Alkhatib, A., Tsang, C., Tiss, A., Bahorun, T., Arefanian, H., Barake, R., Khadir, A., & Tuomilehto, J.
Affiliations: Dasman Diabetes Institute (KW)
Edge Hill University (GB)
Mauritius Sugarcane Industry Research Institute (MU)
Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
King Abdulaziz University (SA)
Corresponding author: Alkhatib, Ahmad
ORCID: Alkhatib, Ahmad
Tsang, Catherine
Tiss, Ali
Bahorun, Theeshan
Arefanian, Hossein
Khadir, Abdelkrim
Tuomilehto, Jaakko
Venue: Nutrients
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2017-12-01
Volume: 9
Issue: 12
Pages: 1310
ISSN: 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/nu9121310
PMC: PMC5748760
OpenAlex: W2772650360
Cited by: 376
References: 141
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 3.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
TeesRep (Teesside University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
Edge Hill University (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Queen Margaret University Publications Repository (Queen Margaret University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Dasman Diabetes Institute
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
Keywords: functional foods, type 2 diabetes, diabetes prevention, diabetes management, Mediterranean diet, nutraceuticals, polyphenols, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, insulin sensitivity, physical activity, bariatric surgery, personalized nutrition, omics profiling, lifestyle intervention, nutrition education, olive oil, green tea, Ilex paraguariensis
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Life Style, Diet, Mediterranean, Functional Food

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