Effects of elastic resistance exercise on body composition and physical capacity in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A CONSORT-compliant prospective randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is associated with loss of muscle mass and an increased risk of physical disability in elderly people. However, the prevalence of sarcopenia has increased in obese elderly populations. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical efficacy of elastic resistance exercise training (RET) in patients with sarcopenic obesity. METHODS: This study was conducted at the rehabilitation center of a university-based teaching hospital and was designed as a prospective and randomized controlled trial with an intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 46 women aged 67.3 (5.2) years were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG underwent elastic RET for 12 weeks, and the CG received no RET intervention. All outcome measures were assessed at the baseline and posttest, including body composition measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle quality (MQ) defined as a ratio of muscular strength to muscle mass, and physical capacity assessed using functional mobility tests. One-way analysis of covariance and Pearson correlation were used to compare outcomes between the 2 groups and to identify the relationship between changes in body composition and physical outcomes, respectively. A chi-square test was performed to identify differences in qualitative data between the 2 groups. RESULTS: At the posttest, a significant between-group difference was observed in fat-free mass, MQ, and physical capacity (all P < .05); and a significant correlation was found between leg-lean-mass change and gait speed (r = 0.36; P < .05). After 12 weeks of elastic RET intervention, the EG had significantly fewer patients exhibiting sarcopenia (P < .05) and experiencing physical difficulty (P < .001) than the CG. CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that elastic resistance exercise exerted benefits on the body composition, MQ, and physical function in patients with sarcopenic obesity. Regular exercise incorporating elastic RET should be used to attenuate muscle mass loss and prevent physical difficulty in obese older adults with sarcopenia on reconditioning therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IPR-15006069.
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The sample size was calculated based on ASMI, aiming to detect a 0.6 kg/m2 change, with a two-sided alpha of 0.05 and statistical power above 80%, requiring 39 participants (13 per group), accounting for an anticipated 15% dropout.
“The sample size was calculated based on the ASMI, the primary outcome variable of the study. Reference was made to previous studies in older adults with SO, where the minimal detectable change in the ASM was 0.5 kg [26]. Considering the extended duration of the intervention, the higher number of sessions, and the fact that all sessions were delivered by qualified health professionals, a more dem”
From Efficacy of Power Training on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized Clinical Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
The Methods > Sample size section (page unavailable) says this paper calculated its sample size from a timed up-and-go task: 40 patients minimum, increased to 46 for an anticipated 15% dropout. It does not describe an ASMI-based calculation requiring 39 participants or three groups. The citation in the supplied sentence is attached specifically to a 0.5 kg minimal detectable change in ASM; the passages examined do not establish that figure either. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPower training (PT) was effective in reducing body fat percentage (BF%) and visceral fat (VF) in older women with sarcopenic obesity.
“In terms of adiposity-related variables, PT was also effective in reducing BF% and VF, consistent with previous trials [27,34,35,36].”
From Efficacy of Power Training on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized Clinical Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
The Results (Body composition outcomes; page not provided) report a significant reduction in body-fat percentage in older women receiving elastic resistance training. The Methods (Elastic resistance exercise; page not provided) describe slowly performed contractions, not power training, and the body-composition measures do not include visceral fat. This source therefore supports the BF% finding but not the attributed training type or VF finding. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPower training (PT) enhances muscle power, a key factor in improving functional performance in older adults.
“These findings align with results from similar studies, which have consistently demonstrated that PT enhances muscle power, a key factor in improving functional performance in older adults [27,39,40].”
From Efficacy of Power Training on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized Clinical Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
The Results (Physical capacity outcomes; page unavailable) report gains in strength and functional mobility after elastic resistance exercise in older women with sarcopenic obesity. The Methods describe moderate-intensity elastic-band training, not power training, and the measured outcome was muscle strength rather than muscle power. The paper therefore supports the general link between resistance exercise and improved physical capacity, but not the specific claim about power training enhancing muscle power. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe present trial showed larger effect sizes than previous studies, likely due to longer duration, supervised progression, and intensity control.
“Similar improvements were reported in previous studies [27,31], although our trial showed larger effect sizes, likely due to the longer duration, supervised progression, and intensity control.”
From Efficacy of Power Training on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized Clinical Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
Several clinical trials have shown that nutrition interventions and physical exercise improve relevant parameters regarding sarcopenic obesity such as grip strength, body fat and muscle mass.
“Several clinical trials have shown that nutrition interventions and physical exercise improve relevant parameters regarding sarcopenic obesity such as grip strength, body fat and muscle mass [5, 13–17].”
From Effects of nutrition and exercise interventions on persons with sarcopenic obesity: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Liao, C.-D., Tsauo, J.-Y., Lin, L.-F., Huang, S.-W., Ku, J.-W., Chou, L.-C., & Liou, T.-H.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital (TW)
- Taipei Medical University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Liou, Tsan-Hon
- Venue
- Medicine
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- e7115
- ISSN
- 0025-7974 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5466239
- OpenAlex
- W2624280532
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14
- FWCI
- 10.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Council (MOST 105)
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 105-, MOST105-2314-B038-075)
- Taipei Medical University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- sarcopenic obesity, sarcopenia, older women, body composition, muscle quality, physical capacity, fat-free mass, muscle mass loss, walking speed, functional mobility
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Analysis of Variance, Body Composition, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Obesity, Organ Size, Physical Fitness, Absorptiometry, Photon, Treatment Outcome, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training, Sarcopenia
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