The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 114 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues
Open accessAbstract
Packaging is often criticized as a symbol of today’s throwaway society, as it is mostly made of plastic, which is in itself quite controversial, and is usually used only once. However, as packaging’s main function is to protect its content and 30% of all food produced worldwide is lost or wasted along the supply chain, optimized packaging may be one of the solutions to reduce this staggering amount. Developing countries struggle with losses in the supply chain before food reaches the consumer. Here, appropriate packaging may help to protect food and prolong its shelf life so that it safely reaches these households. In developed countries, food tends to be wasted rather at the household’s level due to wasteful behavior. There, packaging may be one of the drivers due to inappropriate packaging sizes and packaging that is difficult to empty. When discussing the sustainability of packaging, its protective function is often neglected and only revolves around the type and amount of material used for production. In this review, drivers, issues, and implications of packaging-related food losses and waste (FLW) are discussed, as well as the implication for the implementation in life cycle assessments (LCA).
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review argues that packaging’s protective function is often neglected in sustainability debates and that appropriate packaging may help reduce food loss and waste (FLW), especially in developing supply chains. However, packaging-related FLW (PFLW) is poorly quantified and rarely integrated into life cycle assessments (LCA), so better data and methods are needed.
Key findings
- Around 30% of food produced worldwide is lost or wasted; FAO estimates about 1.3 billion metric tons annually, with industrialized regions wasting more at consumption and developing regions losing more between production and retail.
- PFLW is significant but scarcely quantified: a Swedish household survey estimated PFLW contributes 20%–25% of household food waste, and poor emptiability led to approximately 4% of total FLW in surveyed households.
- Packaging can reduce FLW through mechanical protection, barrier properties, modified atmosphere packaging, and active/intelligent packaging, but inappropriate packaging size, difficult opening/emptying, poor stackability, and packaging failures can also cause FLW.
- Packaging usually accounts for only 1%–12% (typically around 5%) of greenhouse gas emissions in a food-packaging LCA, so FLW prevention may often be more environmentally important than packaging material reduction; 64% of EU consumers misinterpret the “best before” date.
Methods
- Narrative review with literature searches in ScienceDirect using keywords “food waste,” “food waste” AND “packaging,” and additional “LCA”; peer-reviewed articles were preferred, with FAO and WRAP reports also included.
- The review identified 88 suitable references plus 17 additional references for framing, and synthesizes packaging functions, supply-chain and consumer drivers of PFLW, and approaches to integrate PFLW into LCA.
- LCA integration approaches discussed include using 1 kg consumed food as a functional unit, calculating break-even rates, expert-opinion scenarios, and function-based ex-ante LCA.
Limitations
- Stated: there is no reliable data on quantities of PFLW; quantification is difficult via household surveys (social desirability, forgetfulness) and waste composition analyses (limited food-category detail, missing alternative disposal routes, no cause information).
- Stated: there is a lack of LCA studies integrating PFLW, no standardized definition of food waste, no direct relationship between longer shelf life and less FLW, and little empirical evidence on how much consumers waste due to packaging size or apportionment.
- Evident: the review is not systematic, relies on ScienceDirect and selected reports, and several conclusions rest on correlations from industry/NGO reports (e.g., AMERIPEN, Unwrapped) rather than causal evidence.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
88 Not checked yet · 13 Own interpretation · 10 No basis given
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As this review shows, there is no reliable data on quantities of PFLW.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 5. Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“prevention of FLW may arguably be seen as one, if not the most, important strategy for packaging optimization for most types of food [37,38].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 2. Functions and Sustainability Aspects of Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
- Not checked yetcites [38]
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the more resource-intensive the food production is, the more worthwhile is a more elaborate packaging [35].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 2. Functions and Sustainability Aspects of Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [35] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here, appropriate packaging may help to protect food and prolong its shelf life so that it safely reaches these households.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“64% of consumers in the EU misinterpret the meaning of the best before date [41].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3. Causes of Food Losses and Food Waste Related to Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“optimized packaging may be one of the solutions to reduce this staggering amount.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“where food is more likely to be lost or wasted at the stages between primary production and retail [2].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2]
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There, packaging may be one of the drivers due to inappropriate packaging sizes and packaging that is difficult to empty.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In most cases, packaging accounts for only 1%-12% (typically around 5%) of greenhouse gas emissions in a life cycle assessment of a food packaging system [36].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 2. Functions and Sustainability Aspects of Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“in industrialized regions, such as Europe and North America, the amount of wasted food at the consumption stage is significantly higher than in developing regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and Latin America”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2]
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 15
- It may state two separate claims as one. 29
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although a systematic analysis and quantification of packaging design aspects has not yet been performed, optimal product protection and optimization of the shelf life can be considered essential.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 5. Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although FLW and packaging are getting attention in the scientific literature, packaging-related FLW (PFLW) is largely unexplored.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 5. Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, in the reviewed research articles, there is agreement on the importance of PFLW and a number of authors already support the call for further research on this topic [39,40,84,87,92,97].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 5. Discussion
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“FLW-related features of the communication function consist mostly of product and packaging information and instructions, as in how to properly store, open, and dispose of the package [18].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 2. Functions and Sustainability Aspects of Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as long as consumers are not aware of the importance of FLW reduction by appropriate packaging, this represents a conflict of objectives and, hence, the main challenge for all stakeholders in the packaging design process.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 2. Functions and Sustainability Aspects of Packaging
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“consumers with high amounts of food waste tend to be less environmentally aware with regard to packaging solutions (i.e., recyclability, material perceived as eco-friendly) than 'no-wasters', but show a higher willingness to pay more for packaging that helps to keep food fresh than no-wasters.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 2. Functions and Sustainability Aspects of Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22]
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The 'facilitate handling' function includes features, such as unitization, apportionment, resealability, and emptying.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 2. Functions and Sustainability Aspects of Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18]
- Not checked yetcites [19] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The main functions of packaging are to contain, to protect, to facilitate handling, and to communicate information (Figure 1) [18,19].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 2. Functions and Sustainability Aspects of Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18]
- Not checked yetcites [19] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When discussing the sustainability of packaging, its protective function is often neglected and only revolves around the type and amount of material used for production.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There has been relatively little research on whether more, less, or different types of packaging cause FLW in relation to the available literature on FLW.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 1. Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“While consumers often confuse best before and use by dates, they state that they need more information about the shelf life of food once a package has been opened [42].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3. Causes of Food Losses and Food Waste Related to Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“packaging can contain instructions on how to prolong the shelf life of the packaged food by encouraging consumers to freeze leftovers [20].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 2. Functions and Sustainability Aspects of Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The protective function includes FLW-related features, such as mechanical protection, barrier (e.g., against oxygen or water vapor), and thermal and sealing properties.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 2. Functions and Sustainability Aspects of Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18]
- Not checked yetcites [19] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“At the processing stage, the main causes of FLW are overproduction, misshaped food, and packaging damage [63,64].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.1. PFLW in the Supply Chain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [63] source
- Not checked yetcites [64]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“a sector which is responsible for around 5% of FLW in Europe [67].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.1. PFLW in the Supply Chain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [67]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Further important factors that influenced the emptying behavior could be attributed to the presence of a fold at the bottom of the package and corrugations in its internal wall, as well as the shape of the package itself [54].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.2.1. Effects of Packaging Design
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [54] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Buying large packages contributes significantly to excessive purchasing, which is true in particular for low-income households, where this leads to over-preparing and thus to the generation of FLW [57].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.2.2. Effects of Packaging Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [57] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“While in distribution, food losses may occur due to damage of the packaging, the exceedance of expiration dates, or poor stock management [65].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.1. PFLW in the Supply Chain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [65]
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Currently, both packaging and future developments in material technology have a huge potential to minimize FLW [15,17] and to contribute to food safety and security [45].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.2.3. Effects of Packaging Technology
What the sources say
boostedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Active packaging contains 'deliberately incorporated components intended to release or absorb substances into or from the packaged food or from the environment surrounding the food' [79] and has, therefore, the purpose to extend the shelf life of food [80,81].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.2.3. Effects of Packaging Technology
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“food-contaminated packaging reduces the possibility of a potential mechanical recycling of the packaging, further contributing to a higher environmental impact [71].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.1. PFLW in the Supply Chain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [71]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Such packages contain a modified gas composition, mainly nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or oxygen, which aims to reduce microbial growth and chemical deterioration of the packaged food and therefore increases its shelf life [77].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.2.3. Effects of Packaging Technology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [77] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In an automatic filling process, losses can occur when packaging and filling machines are not well matched or if there is a malfunction of the machinery, e.g., resulting in bottle overfilling [46].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.1. PFLW in the Supply Chain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46]
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“consumers in Germany and Italy point out that the packaging sizes of many types of fresh produce, as well as dairy products, baking ingredients, meat products, and pasta, are too big, while complaining about the higher price of smaller packages in comparison to larger ones [56].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.2.2. Effects of Packaging Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [56] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Single households generate the most food waste per capita and by comparison, people in four-person households waste less than half than a person in a single household [56].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.2.2. Effects of Packaging Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [56] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a comparative assessment of two different product and transport packages (corrugated cardboard and plastic crates) for eggs, an average breakage rate of 1.1% was observed while the results of the four different packaging scenarios varied between 0.56% and 2.38%.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.1. PFLW in the Supply Chain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [51] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Packaging damage is rather rare and may just mean that the imprinted barcodes are unreadable [45].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.1. PFLW in the Supply Chain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45]
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As material technology is always making advances, more and more polymer-based multilayer packaging is used, which extends the shelf life of food while reducing packaging weight [76].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.2.3. Effects of Packaging Technology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [76]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Waste composition analyses have limitations on information about specific waste quantities by food category and do not include alternative disposal routes of households, such as a separate bio-waste collection, home composting, or the use as pet food [103], but above all, there is no generation of information about the causes of the FLW.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 5. Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [103] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Furthermore, packaging can contain instructions about how best to store the food and to encourage people to freeze leftovers [20], as well as how to serve food to avoid residues in the package [54].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 5. Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“If a packaging is already on the market, research suggests that the integration of the emptying behavior of a package in its LCA is feasible as well as advisable [54].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 4. Integration of FLW in LCA of Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [54] source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Intelligent packaging is comprised of 'materials and articles that monitor the condition of packaged food or the environment surrounding the food' [79]”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.2.3. Effects of Packaging Technology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [79] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Packaging saves food by mechanical protection or prolong its shelf life by a material with good barrier properties [76], through the use of modified atmosphere packaging [77] and, in the future, by intelligent or active packaging through the dynamic display of its microbiological status [82].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 5. Discussion
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Medium and larger supermarkets can benefit from faster turnovers, while for smaller supermarkets, it is better to place fewer orders and have products with a longer shelf life [96].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 4. Integration of FLW in LCA of Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [96]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In industrialized countries, the contribution of packaging to FLW is less clear-cut.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 5. Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Examples include non-adequate packaging (too large packaging sizes, inappropriate material, contaminated packaging, technical failures in the packaging process) [43][44][45]48,50,51,[55][56][57][58][59][60] or packaging that is too difficult to open [52,53] or to empty [39,54] so that its contents spill or are left in the package.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 5. Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [43] source
- Not checked yetcites [44]
- Not checked yetcites [45]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The best before date can have a significant impact on the purchase decision [95] and depends not only on the product category, but also on the size of the retailer.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 4. Integration of FLW in LCA of Packaging
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [96]
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“These causes are rather complex and are often the result of multiple interacting activities [104] so it is challenging to identify FLW as (at least partially) packaging-related, even when interviewing consumers directly about whether their FLW is connected in any way with packaging [39].”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 5. Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [104] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Packaging plays an essential part in food protection and thus can reduce FLW.”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 5. Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Yet the relationship between packaging and food waste remains poorly understood.”
From Avoiding food becoming waste in households – The role of packaging in consumers’ practices across different food categories (2020) · cites this paper as Wohner et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“As reported in two recent literature reviews (Wikstr€ om et al., 2019;Wohner et al., 2019), only a few studies have investigated packaging-related food waste in households, and only Williams et al. (2012) have attempted to quantify how much of the total food waste can be attributed to packaging (AMERIPEN, 2018).”
From Avoiding food becoming waste in households – The role of packaging in consumers’ practices across different food categories (2020) · cites this paper as Wohner et al., 2019
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > 3.2.1. Effects of Packaging Design
“In their online recyclability assessment tool for plastic packaging, RecyClass [72]”
§ Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues > References
“72. Brancoli, P.; Rousta, K.; Bolton, K. Life cycle assessment of supermarket food waste. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2017, 118, 39-46. [CrossRef]”
Citations
Cites
Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean
Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., & Law, K. L. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1260352 · Cited by 13,163
(2011) · FAO eBooks · Cited by 3,368
Food waste within food supply chains: quantification and potential for change to 2050
Parfitt, J., Barthel, M., & Macnaughton, S. (2010) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0126 · Cited by 3,197 · cited 3×
“(2010) refer to ‘food loss’ as a ‘decrease in edible food mass throughout the part of the supply chain that specifically leads to edible food for human consumption’ and that it occurs at the stages before reaching the customer [10].”
BackgroundAn updated review of environmental estrogen and androgen mimics and antagonists
Sonnenschein, C., & Soto, A. M. (1998) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(98)00027-2 · Cited by 992
Spaghetti soup: The complex world of food waste behaviours
Quested, T. E., Marsh, E., Stunell, D., & Parry, A. D. (2013) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.04.011 · Cited by 886
Missing food, missing data? A critical review of global food losses and food waste data
Xue, L., Liu, G., Parfitt, J., Liu, X., Van Herpen, E., Stenmarck, Å., O’Connor, C., Östergren, K., & Cheng, S. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b00401 · Cited by 690
Parizeau, K., von Massow, M., & Martin, R. (2015) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2014.09.019 · Cited by 636
Foster, P. M. D. (2006) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00563.x · Cited by 579
Active and intelligent food packaging: Legal aspects and safety concerns
Dainelli, D., Gontard, N., Spyropoulos, D., Zondervan-van den Beuken, E., & Tobback, P. (2008) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2008.09.011 · Cited by 565
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Karić, N., Maia, A. S., Teodorović, A., Atanasova, N., Langergraber, G., Crini, G., Ribeiro, A. R. L., & Đolić, M. (2022) · Chemical Engineering Journal Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100239 · Cited by 466
Sustainable and Bio-Based Food Packaging: A Review on Past and Current Design Innovations
Versino, F., Ortega, F., Monroy, Y., Rivero, S., López, O. V., & García, M. A. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12051057 · Cited by 482
Food packaging and sustainability – Consumer perception vs. correlated scientific facts: A review
Otto, S., Strenger, M., Maier-Nöth, A., & Schmid, M. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126733 · Cited by 434
Nilsen‐Nygaard, J., Fernández, E. N., Radusin, T., Rotabakk, B. T., Sarfraz, J., Sharmin, N., Sivertsvik, M., Sone, I., & Pettersen, M. K. (2021) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12715 · Cited by 397
Achieving UN SDGs in Food Supply Chain Using Blockchain Technology
Chandan, A., John, M. B., & Potdar, V. M. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15032109 · Cited by 283
Pauer, E., Wohner, B., Heinrich, V., & Tacker, M. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11030925 · Cited by 235
Self-citationA Review of Regulatory Standards and Advances in Essential Oils as Antimicrobials in Foods
Jackson‐Davis, A., White, S., Kassama, L. S., Coleman, S., Shaw, A., Mendonça, A. F., Cooper, B., Thomas-Popo, E., Gordon, K. W., & London, L. Y. (2022) · Journal of Food Protection · doi:10.1016/j.jfp.2022.100025 · Cited by 168
A 3D printing approach to intelligent food packaging
Tracey, C., Predeina, A. L., Krivoshapkina, E. F., & Kumacheva, E. (2022) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2022.05.003 · Cited by 148
Lisitsyn, A. B., Semenova, A., Nasonova, V. V., Polishchuk, E. K., Revutskaya, N. M., Kozyrev, I., & Kotenkova, E. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13101592 · Cited by 138
Williams, H., Lindström, A., Trischler, J., Wikström, F., & Rowe, Z. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121775 · Cited by 128
Examination of Short Supply Chains Based on Circular Economy and Sustainability Aspects
Kiss, K., Ruszkai, C., & Takács‐György, K. (2019) · Resources · doi:10.3390/resources8040161 · Cited by 120
Abejón, R., Bala, A., Vázquez-Rowe, I., García, R. A., & Fullana–i–Palmer, P. (2020) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104666 · Cited by 121
Renovation of Agro-Waste for Sustainable Food Packaging: A Review
Varghese, S. A., Pulikkalparambil, H., Promhuad, K., Srisa, A., Laorenza, Y., Jarupan, L., Nampitch, T., Chonhenchob, V., & Harnkarnsujarit, N. (2023) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym15030648 · Cited by 114
Czerwiński, K., Rydzkowski, T., Wróblewska-Krepsztul, J., & Thakur, V. K. (2021) · Coatings · doi:10.3390/coatings11121504 · Cited by 113
Duarte, P., Silva, S. C. L. D. C. E., Roza, A. S., & Dias, J. C. (2024) · Sustainable Futures · doi:10.1016/j.sftr.2024.100193 · Cited by 106
The Potential of Food Packaging Attributes to Influence Consumers’ Decisions to Sort Waste
Nemat, B., Razzaghi, M., Bolton, K., & Rousta, K. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12062234 · Cited by 90
Drivers, barriers and performance outcomes of sustainable packaging: a systematic literature review
Afif, K., Rebolledo, C., & Roy, J. (2021) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-02-2021-0150 · Cited by 88
Wohner, B., Gabriel, V. H., Krenn, B., Krauter, V., & Tacker, M. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139846 · Cited by 84
Self-citationPieters, K., & Mekonnen, T. H. (2024) · RSC Sustainability · doi:10.1039/d4su00267a · Cited by 84
Stoica, M., Antohi, V. M., Zlati, M. L., & Stoica, D. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124013 · Cited by 78
Visioli, F., Marangoni, F., Fogliano, V., Rio, D. D., Martínez, J. A., Kuhnle, G., Buttriss, J. L., Ribeiro, H. D. C., Bier, D. M., & Poli, A. (2022) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422422000117 · Cited by 83
Technical Limits in Circularity for Plastic Packages
Brouwer, M. T., van Velzen, E. U. T., Ragaert, K., & ten Klooster, R. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su122310021 · Cited by 76
Pauer, E., Tacker, M., Gabriel, V. H., & Krauter, V. (2020) · Cleaner Environmental Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cesys.2020.100001 · Cited by 74
Self-citationHousehold food waste: attitudes, barriers and motivations
Nunkoo, R., Bhadain, M., & Baboo, S. (2021) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-03-2020-0195 · Cited by 85
Pascall, M. A., DeAngelo, K., Richards, J., & Arensberg, M. B. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11193043 · Cited by 74
Moura‐Alves, M., Esteves, A., Ciríaco, M., Silva, J. A., & Saraiva, C. M. T. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12122308 · Cited by 73
Can eco-design packaging reduce consumer food waste? an experimental study
Zeng, T., Durif, F., & Robinot, É. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120342 · Cited by 72
Biopolymers Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria: Characterization and Food Application
Nicolescu, C. M., Bumbac, M., Buruleanu, C. L., Popescu, E. C., Stănescu, S. G., Georgescu, A. A., & Toma, S. M. (2023) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym15061539 · Cited by 74
Boone, L., Préat, N., Nhu, T. T., Fiordelisi, F., Guillard, V., Blanckaert, M., & Dewulf, J. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164781 · Cited by 72
Wang, X., Wang, L., Wei, X., Xu, C., Cavender, G. A., Walker, L. L., & Sun, S. (2024) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2024-25322 · Cited by 83
Recycling behaviour: Mapping knowledge domain through bibliometrics and text mining
Concari, A., Kok, G., & Martens, P. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114160 · Cited by 69
Kabadurmuş, Ö., Kayıkçı, Y., Demir, S., & Koc, B. (2022) · Socio-Economic Planning Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.seps.2022.101417 · Cited by 62
Nanotechnology's role in ensuring food safety and security
Kiran, V., Harini, K., Thirumalai, A., Girigoswami, K., & Girigoswami, A. (2024) · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103220 · Cited by 61
Recycled plastic packaging from the Dutch food sector pollutes Asian oceans
Navarre, N., Mogollón, J. M., Tukker, A., & Barbarossa, V. (2022) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106508 · Cited by 57
Design affordance of plastic food packaging for consumer sorting behavior
Nemat, B., Razzaghi, M., Bolton, K., & Rousta, K. (2021) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105949 · Cited by 59
Household Food Waste: The Meaning of Product’s Attributes and Food-Related Lifestyle
Szymkowiak, A., Borusiak, B., Pierański, B., Kotyza, P., & Smutka, Ľ. (2022) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.918485 · Cited by 58
Hemachandra, S., Hadjikakou, M., & Pettigrew, S. (2024) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-024-02349-z · Cited by 62
Current Trends of Food Analysis, Safety, and Packaging
Modi, B., Timilsina, H., Bhandari, S., Achhami, A., Pakka, S., Shrestha, P., Kandel, D., Dhan Bahadur, G. C., Khatri, S., Chhetri, P. M., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1155/2021/9924667 · Cited by 53
Avoidance of Food Waste from a Grocery Retail Store Owner’s Perspective
Ruppenthal, T., & Horoś, I. K. (2021) · FulDok (Hochschule Fulda – University of Applied Sciences) · doi:10.25716/fuldok-534 · Cited by 48
Challenges for circular food packaging: Circular resources utilization
Ada, E., Kazançoğlu, Y., Gozacan-Chase, N., & Altın, H. O. (2023) · Applied Food Research · doi:10.1016/j.afres.2023.100310 · Cited by 54
Charoensri, K., Rodwihok, C., Wongratanaphisan, D., Ko, J. A., Chung, J. S., & Park, H. J. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13030425 · Cited by 45
Abdullahi, A., Korumilli, T., & Rao, K. J. (2025) · Food and Bioprocess Technology · doi:10.1007/s11947-025-03868-9 · Cited by 46
Food wastage along the global food supply chain and the impact of food packaging
Uhlig, E., Sadzik, A., Strenger, M., Schneider, A., & Schmid, M. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety · doi:10.1007/s00003-024-01539-z · Cited by 42
Mia, M., Ahmed, M. M., & Zzaman, W. (2025) · Discover Food · doi:10.1007/s44187-025-00584-3 · Cited by 51
Bala, A., Laso, J., Abejón, R., Margallo, M., Fullana–i–Palmer, P., & García, R. A. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134603 · Cited by 42
The emergence of food waste as an issue in Swedish retail
Rosenlund, J., Nyblom, Å., Ekholm, H. M., & Sörme, L. (2020) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-03-2020-0181 · Cited by 41
Fruits and Vegetables for Healthy Diets: Priorities for Food System Research and Action
Harris, J., Piters, B. D. S., McMullin, S., Bajwa, B. E., de Jager, I., & Brouwer, I. D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_6 · Cited by 38
Chu, W., Williams, H., Verghese, K., Wever, R., & Glad, W. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12031162 · Cited by 39
Magalhães, V. S. M., Ferreira, L. M. D. F., & Silva, C. (2021) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2021.08.004 · Cited by 48
Casson, A., Giovenzana, V., Frigerio, V., Zambelli, M., Beghi, R., Pampuri, A., Tugnolo, A., Merlini, A., Colombo, L., Limbo, S., et al. (2022) · Food Packaging and Shelf Life · doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100943 · Cited by 37
Technical emptiability of dairy product packaging and its environmental implications in Austria
Wohner, B., Schwarzinger, N., Gürlich, U., Heinrich, V., & Tacker, M. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.7578 · Cited by 35
Self-citationKarkantonis, T., Gaddam, A., See, T. L., Joshi, S. S., & Dimov, S. (2020) · Surface and Coatings Technology · doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126166 · Cited by 35
Cooreman-Algoed, M., Boone, L., Taelman, S. E., Hemelryck, S. V., Brunson, A., & Dewulf, J. P. (2021) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106089 · Cited by 35
Responsible consumption: addressing individual food waste behavior
Ang, W.-Z., Narayanan, S., & Hong, M. (2021) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-03-2021-0328 · Cited by 39
Hernández-García, E., Pacheco-Romeralo, M., Pascual-Ramírez, L., Vargas, M., & Torres‐Giner, S. (2023) · Food Packaging and Shelf Life · doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101058 · Cited by 32
A systematic framework for understanding food security drivers and their interactions
Galanakis, C. M., Daskalakis, M. I., Galanakis, I. M., Gallo, A., Marino, E. A. E., Chalkidou, A., & Agrafioti, E. (2025) · Discover Food · doi:10.1007/s44187-025-00480-w · Cited by 47
Pettersen, M. K., Grøvlen, M. S., Evje, N., & Radusin, T. (2020) · Packaging Technology and Science · doi:10.1002/pts.2527 · Cited by 32
Chan, R. B. Y. (2021) · Packaging Technology and Science · doi:10.1002/pts.2611 · Cited by 37
The environmental impacts of reusable rice packaging: An extended comparative life cycle assessment
Thomassen, G., Peeters, E., Hee, N. V., Noëth, E., Bois, E. D., Boone, L., & Compernolle, T. (2024) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2024.01.014 · Cited by 32
The Use of Modeling Tools to Better Evaluate the Packaging Benefice on Our Environment
Coffigniez, F., Matar, C., Gaucel, S., Gontard, N., Guilbert, S., & Guillard, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2021.634038 · Cited by 33
Mohammadi, M., & Fasihi, M. (2025) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123320 · Cited by 32
Zhang, L., Wu, Q., Fan, L., Liao, R., Zhang, J., Zou, R., Cobb, K., Ruan, R. R., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.149777 · Cited by 28
Impact of Optimized Packaging on Food Waste Prevention Potential among Consumers
Obersteiner, G., Cociancig, M., Luck, S., & Mayerhofer, J. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13084209 · Cited by 28
Gritsch, L., Breslmayer, G., Rainer, R., Stipanović, H., Tischberger-Aldrian, A., & Lederer, J. (2024) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.035 · Cited by 35
In search of economically significant food losses: Evidence from Tunisia and Egypt
Anríquez, G., Foster, W., Ortega, J., & Rocha, J. S. (2020) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101912 · Cited by 29
Sasaki, Y., Orikasa, T., Nakamura, N., Hayashi, K., Yasaka, Y., Makino, N., Shobatake, K., Koide, S., & Shiina, T. (2021) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-020-01832-7 · Cited by 27
The capabilities and deficiencies of life cycle assessment to address the plastic problem
Miller, S. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Sustainability · doi:10.3389/frsus.2022.1007060 · Cited by 28
Oliviero, M., Lamberti, E., Cafiero, L., Pace, B., Cefola, M., Gorrasi, G., Anandan, S., & Sorrentino, A. (2023) · Materials Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2023.128469 · Cited by 25
Why do we waste so much food? Understanding household food waste through a theoretical framework
Deliberador, L. R., Batalha, M. O., César, A. D. S., Azeem, M. M., Lane, J. L., & Carrijo, P. R. S. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137974 · Cited by 24
Krauter, V., Bauer, A.-S., Milousi, M., Dörnyei, K. R., Ganczewski, G., Leppik, K., Krepil, J., & Varzakas, T. H. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11091347 · Cited by 27
Packaging Innovations to Reduce Food Loss and Waste: Are Italian Manufacturers Willing to Invest?
Cammarelle, A., Lombardi, M., & Viscecchia, R. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13041963 · Cited by 24
The Impact of Eco-Design Packaging on Food Waste Avoidance: A Conceptual Framework
Zeng, T., & Durif, F. (2020) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2020.1729320 · Cited by 24
Microbiota survey of sliced cooked ham during the secondary shelf life
Spampinato, G., Candeliere, F., Amaretti, A., Licciardello, F., Rossi, M., & Raimondi, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.842390 · Cited by 22
Frigerio, V., Casson, A., & Limbo, S. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136527 · Cited by 22
Fauziana, D. R., Marimin, M., Suwarsinah, H. K., & Prasetio, E. A. (2023) · Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity · doi:10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100102 · Cited by 22
Challenges Associated with Cleaning Plastic Food Packaging for Reuse
Nahar, S., Sian, M., Larder, R. R., Hatton, F. L., & Woolley, E. (2022) · Waste · doi:10.3390/waste1010003 · Cited by 22
Domestic Use Simulation and Secondary Shelf Life Assessment of Industrial Pesto alla genovese
Nicosia, C., Fava, P., Pulvirenti, A., Antonelli, A., & Licciardello, F. (2021) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods10081948 · Cited by 20
Processed foods: From their emergence to resilient technologies
Knorr, D., & Sevenich, R. (2023) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.13205 · Cited by 20
Life cycle assessment methods for investigating novel food packaging systems
Bremenkamp, I., & Sousa-Gallagher, M. J. (2024) · Environmental Science Advances · doi:10.1039/d3va00380a · Cited by 22
Impacts of consumers’ perceived risks in eco-design packaging on food wastage behaviors
Zeng, T. (2021) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-05-2021-0603 · Cited by 22
Scoring methodology for comparing the environmental performance of food packaging
Frojan, J., Bisquert, P., Buche, P., Gontard, N., Boone, L., Nhu, T. T., Vermeulen, A., Ragaert, P., Dewulf, J. P., & Guillard, V. (2023) · Packaging Technology and Science · doi:10.1002/pts.2720 · Cited by 19
Freitag, N., Schneider, J., Decottignies, V., Fell, T., Kücükpinar, E., & Schlummer, M. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17133202 · Cited by 20
To Wrap Or to Not Wrap Cucumbers?
Shrivastava, C., Crenna, E., Schudel, S., Shoji, K., Onwude, D. I., Hischier, R., & Defraeye, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2022.750199 · Cited by 18
Consumers’ choice of private label considering reference price and moderating effect
Mao, Z., Duan, Y., & Liu, W. (2022) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103216 · Cited by 19
Rossi, J., & Bianchini, A. (2022) · Transportation research procedia · doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2022.12.046 · Cited by 17
Environmental comparison of food-packaging systems: The significance of shelf-life extension
Tetteh, H., Balcells, M., Sazdovski, I., Fullana–i–Palmer, P., Margallo, M., García, R. A., & Puig, R. (2024) · Cleaner Environmental Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100197 · Cited by 17
Ouyang, S., Wang, F., Liu, Y., Ma, S., Li, M., Wu, Y., Hu, Z., Zhang, S., & Wang, L. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137392 · Cited by 18
Multilayer packaging recycling: challenges, current practices, and future prospects
Ciawi, Y., Tonyes, S. G., & Dwipayanti, N. M. U. (2025) · Academia Environmental Sciences and Sustainability · doi:10.20935/acadenvsci7521 · Cited by 17
Sasaki, Y., Orikasa, T., Nakamura, N., Hayashi, K., Yasaka, Y., Makino, N., Shobatake, K., Koide, S., & Shiina, T. (2022) · Journal of Food Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111120 · Cited by 16
Reuse principle for primary packaging circularity in the food system
Sæter, F., Alvarado, I. A. O., & Pettersen, I. N. (2020) · NordDesign Conference (NordDesign) · doi:10.35199/norddesign2020.3 · Cited by 15
Mena‐Prado, I., Reinosa, J. J., Fernández‐García, M., Fernández, J. F., Muñoz‐Bonilla, A., & del Campo, A. (2023) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127488 · Cited by 14
Determining sustainability key performance indicators for food loss reduction
AL-Dalaeen, Q. R., Sivarajah, U., & Irani, Z. (2021) · Journal of Enterprise Information Management · doi:10.1108/jeim-04-2021-424 · Cited by 14
Klein, M., Werner, C., Tacker, M., & Apprich, S. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16156335 · Cited by 14
Self-citationEstimating post-harvest loss at the farm level to enhance food security: A case of Nepal
Arun, G. C., & Ghimire, K. (2019) · International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences · doi:10.31015/jaefs.2019.3.3 · Cited by 13
Rane, S. B., Abhyankar, G. J., & Kirkire, M. S. (2025) · OPSEARCH · doi:10.1007/s12597-024-00900-y · Cited by 12
Elsebaie, E. M., Mousa, M. M., Abulmeaty, S. A., Shaat, H. A. Y., Elmeslamy, S. A.-E., Asker, G. A., Faramawy, A. A., Shaat, H. A. Y., Elrahman, W. M. A., Eldamaty, H. S. E., et al. (2023) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels9020077 · Cited by 11
Hidden realities: Food waste from servings in mini size packaging
Okçu, G. D., Pekdemir, T., Lakestanı, S., Karabörk, Ş., & Çavuş, O. (2023) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.014 · Cited by 11
Mahmoudi, M., Mashayekhian, M., Bunch, B., & Joodaky, A. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17115213 · Cited by 13
Recycled Multi-Material Packaging Reinforced with Flax Fibres: Thermal and Mechanical Behaviour
Bavasso, I., Sergi, C., Valente, T., Tirillò, J., & Fabrizio Sarasini, A. (2022) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym14204423 · Cited by 11
A Review of Nanotechnology in Food, Smart Packaging and Potential Public Health Impact
Dimopoulou, M., Graikou, K., Chinou, İ., & Gortzi, O. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16010168 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Wohner, B., Pauer, E., Heinrich, V., & Tacker, M.
- Affiliations
- Hochschule Campus Wien (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Wohner, Bernhard
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-01-07
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 264
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2908209806
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 15.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Packaging Perceptions and Trends
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- food loss and waste, packaging, food packaging, plastic packaging, food shelf life, household food waste, packaging size, sustainable packaging, life cycle assessment, food protection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
