Isolation and characterization of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate, for example, in haemostasis, immunity and development. Most studies of platelet EVs have targeted microparticles, whereas exosomes and EV characterization under various conditions have been less analyzed. Studies have been hampered by the difficulty in obtaining EVs free from contaminating cells and platelet remnants. Therefore, we optimized an EV isolation protocol and compared the quantity and protein content of EVs induced by different agonists. METHODS: Platelets isolated with iodixanol gradient were activated by thrombin and collagen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Ca(2+) ionophore. Microparticles and exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugations. EVs were quantitated by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and total protein. Size distributions were determined by NTA and electron microscopy. Proteomics was used to characterize the differentially induced EVs. RESULTS: The main EV populations were 100-250 nm and over 90% were <500 nm irrespective of the activation. However, activation pathways differentially regulated the quantity and the quality of EVs, which also formed constitutively. Thrombogenic activation was the most potent physiological EV-generator. LPS was a weak inducer of EVs, which had a selective protein content from the thrombogenic EVs. Ca(2+) ionophore generated a large population of protein-poor and unselectively packed EVs. By proteomic analysis, EVs were highly heterogeneous after the different activations and between the vesicle subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS: Although platelets constitutively release EVs, vesiculation can be increased, and the activation pathway determines the number and the cargo of the formed EVs. These activation-dependent variations render the use of protein content in sample normalization invalid. Since most platelet EVs are 100-250 nm, only a fraction has been analyzed by previously used methods, for example, flow cytometry. As the EV subpopulations could not be distinguished and large vesicle populations may be lost by differential centrifugation, novel methods are required for the isolation and the differentiation of all EVs.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The anti-mitochondrial autoantibody repertoire and their antigenic targets remain mostly uncharacterized.
“Despite the extensive literature regarding antibodies targeting the cardiolipin (also known as the mitochondrial antigen M1) in SLE, the anti-mitochondrial autoantibody repertoire and their antigenic targets remains mostly uncharacterized (12, 34–37).”
From Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Target Mitochondrial RNA (2019) · cites this paper as [37]
The Results section discusses the protein cargo of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles, not the characterization of anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies or their antigenic targets. Searches for those terms, cardiolipin, and SLE found no passage addressing the attributed claim; no page number was provided for the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Primer3 on the WWW for General Users and for Biologist Programmers
Rozen, S., & Skaletsky, H. (2003) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59259-192-2:365 · Cited by 14,952 · see citing works
Membrane vesicles as conveyors of immune responses
Théry, C., Ostrowski, M., & Segura, É. (2009) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2567 · Cited by 3,869 · see citing works
Witwer, K. W., Buzás, E. I., Bemis, L., Bora, A., Lässer, C., Lötvall, J. O., Hoen, E. N. M. N., Piper, M. G., Sivaraman, S., Skog, J., et al. (2013) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v2i0.20360 · Cited by 2,424 · see citing works
Filipe, V., Hawe, A., & Jiskoot, W. (2010) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-010-0073-2 · Cited by 1,885 · see citing works
Heijnen, H. F. G., Schiel, A. E., Fijnheer, R., Geuze, H. J., & Sixma, J. J. (1999) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v94.11.3791 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
Sizing and phenotyping of cellular vesicles using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
Dragovic, R., Gardiner, C., Brooks, A. S., Tannetta, D., Ferguson, D. J. P., Hole, P., Carr, B., Redman, C. W. G., Harris, A. L., Dobson, P. J., et al. (2011) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2011.04.003 · Cited by 1,368 · see citing works
Platelet α-granules: Basic biology and clinical correlates
Blair, P., & Flaumenhaft, R. (2009) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2009.04.001 · Cited by 1,157 · see citing works
Exosomes: proteomic insights and diagnostic potential
Simpson, R. J., Lim, J. W., Moritz, R. L., & Mathivanan, S. (2009) · Expert Review of Proteomics · doi:10.1586/epr.09.17 · Cited by 1,113 · see citing works
Arraud, N., Linares, R., Tan, S., Gounou, C., Pasquet, J., Mornet, S., & Brisson, A. R. (2014) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.12554 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Sims, P. J., Wiedmer, T., Esmon, C. T., Weiss, H. J., & Shattil, S. J. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71457-9 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Optical and non‐optical methods for detection and characterization of microparticles and exosomes
van der Pol, E., Hoekstra, A. G., Sturk, A., Otto, C., van Leeuwen, T. G. J. M., & Nieuwland, R. (2010) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04074.x · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Jimenez, J. J., Jy, W., Mauro, L. M., Soderland, C., Horstman, L. L., & Ahn, Y. S. (2003) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/s0049-3848(03)00064-1 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Holme, P. A., Sølvik, U. Ø., Hamers, M. J. A. G., Solum, N. O., Brosstad, F. R., Barstad, R. M., & Sakaríassen, K. S. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.4.646 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Platelets regulate lymphatic vascular development through CLEC-2–SLP-76 signaling
Bertozzi, C. C., Schmaier, A. A., Mericko, P. A., Hess, P. R., Zou, Z., Chen, M., Chen, C., Xu, B., Lu, M., Zhou, D. D., et al. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-02-270876 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Single vs. swarm detection of microparticles and exosomes by flow cytometry
van der Pol, E., van Gemert, M. J. C., Sturk, A., Nieuwland, R., & van Leeuwen, T. G. J. M. (2012) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04683.x · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Lacroix, R., Judicone, C., PONCELET, P., Robert, S., ARNAUD, L., Sampol, J., & Dignat‐George, F. (2011) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04610.x · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Platelets: bridging hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity
Jenne, C. N., Urrutia, R., & Kubes, P. (2013) · International Journal of Laboratory Hematology · doi:10.1111/ijlh.12084 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Reininger, A. J. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-02-0618 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Flaumenhaft, R. C., Dilks, J. R., Richardson, J., Alden, E. C., Patel-Hett, S. R., Battinelli, E. M., Klement, G. L., Sola-Visner, M. C., & Italiano, J. E. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-06-163832 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Clinical relevance of microparticles from platelets and megakaryocytes
Italiano, J. E., Mairuhu, A. T. A., & Flaumenhaft, R. C. (2010) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0b013e32833e77ee · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Pre-analytical and analytical issues in the analysis of blood microparticles
Yuana, Y., Bertina, R. M., & Osanto, S. (2010) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th10-09-0595 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
REVIEW ARTICLE: Coated-platelets: an emerging component of the procoagulant response
Dale, G. L. (2005) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01274.x · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Atomic force microscopy: a novel approach to the detection of nanosized blood microparticles
Yuana, Y., Oosterkamp, T. H., Bahatyrova, S., Ashcroft, B. A., RODRIGUEZ, P. G., Bertina, R. M., & Osanto, S. (2009) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03654.x · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Modulation of B-cell exosome proteins by gamma herpesvirus infection
Meckes, D. G., Gunawardena, H. P., DeKroon, R. M., Heaton, P. R., Edwards, R. H., Özgür, S., Griffith, J. D., Damania, B., & Raab‐Traub, N. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1303906110 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Brown, G. T., & McIntyre, T. M. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1001623 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Apoptosis in the anucleate platelet
Leytin, V. (2011) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2011.10.002 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Proteomic and functional characterisation of platelet microparticle size classes
Dean, W. L., Lee, M. J., Cummins, T. D., Schultz, D. J., & Powell, D. W. (2009) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th09-04-243 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Platelet-Derived Microvesicles: Multitalented Participants in Intercellular Communication
Aatonen, M., Grönholm, M., & Siljander, P. R. M. (2012) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1300956 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationGambim, M. H., Carmo, A. O., Marti, L. C., Veríssimo-Filho, S., Lopes, L. R., & Janiszewski, M. (2007) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc6133 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
The emerging role of platelets in adaptive immunity
Elzey, B. D., Sprague, D. L., & Ratliff, T. L. (2005) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.12.005 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Procoagulant platelets: are they necrotic?
Jackson, S. P., & Schoenwaelder, S. M. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-01-261669 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Kilpinen, L., Impola, U., Sankkila, L., Ritamo, I., Aatonen, M. T., Kilpinen, S. K., Tuimala, J., Valmu, L., Levijoki, J. M., Finckenberg, P., et al. (2013) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v2i0.21927 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationCauwenberghs, S., Feijge, M. A. H., Harper, A. G. S., Sage, S. O., Curvers, J., & Heemskerk, J. W. M. (2006) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.08.082 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Platelet-derived microparticles associate with fibrin during thrombosis
Siljander, P. R. M., Carpén, O., & Lassila, R. (1996) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v87.11.4651.bloodjournal87114651 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationCellular prion protein is released on exosomes from activated platelets
Robertson, C., Booth, S. A., Beniac, D. R., Coulthart, M. B., Booth, T. F., & McNicol, A. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-02-0802 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Platelet Adhesion Enhances the Glycoprotein VI–Dependent Procoagulant Response
Siljander, P. R. M., Farndale, R. W., Feijge, M. A. H., Comfurius, P., Kos, S., Bevers, E. M., & Heemskerk, J. W. M. (2001) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.21.4.618 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationSpinelli, S. L., Pollock, S. J., Murant, T. I., O'Brien, J. J., Blumberg, N., Francis, C. W., Taubman, M. B., Ray, D. M., & Phipps, R. P. (2007) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th07-05-0328 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Gender-specific and menstrual cycle dependent differences in circulating microparticles
Tóth, B., Nikolajek, K., Rank, A., Nieuwland, R., Lohse, P., Pihusch, V., Friese, K., & Thaler, C. (2007) · Platelets · doi:10.1080/09537100701525843 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Gennebäck, N., Hellman, U., Malm, L., Larsson, G., Ronquist, G., Waldenström, A. P., & Mörner, S. (2013) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v2i0.20167 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Endocytosis by human platelets: metabolic and freeze-fracture studies.
Zucker‐Franklin, D. (1981) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.91.3.706 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Cell-Derived Microparticles Promote Coagulation after Moderate Exercise
Soßdorf, M., Otto, G. P., Claus, R. A., Gabriel, H. H. W., & Lösche, W. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182068645 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Siljander, P. R. M., Vuist, W. M. J., Breikers, G., Reutelingsperger, C. P. M., Barnes, M. J., Knight, C. G., Lassila, R., Farndale, R. W., & Heemskerk, J. W. M. (1999) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1614571 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationFurie, B., & Furie, B. C. (2006) · Blood Cells Molecules and Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.12.018 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Hoen, E. N. M. N., van der Vlist, E. J., de Boer-Brouwer, M., Arkesteijn, G. J. A., Stoorvogel, W., & Wauben, M. H. M. (2012) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0911480 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Cypryk, W., Öhman, T., Eskelinen, E., Matikainen, S., & Nyman, T. A. (2014) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr4012552 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationVasina, E. M., Cauwenberghs, S., Staudt, M., Feijge, M. A. H., Weber, C., Koenen, R. R., & Heemskerk, J. W. M. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Soop, A., Hållström, L., FROSTELL, C. G., Wallén, H., Mobarrez, F., & Pisetsky, D. S. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.12076 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Vince, R. V., Sandström, M., Taylor, L. K., McNaughton, L. R., Laden, G., & Madden, L. A. (2008) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th08-01-0030 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Contact- and agonist-regulated microvesiculation of human platelets
Liu, X., Liu, L., Zaske, A. M., Zhou, Z., Fu, Y., Yang, X., Conyers, J. L., Li, M., Zhang, Y., Dong, J.-F., et al. (2013) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th12-11-0853 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Procoagulant platelet balloons: evidence from cryopreparation and electron microscopy
Hess, M. W., & Siljander, P. R. M. (2001) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s004180100272 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationShrinkage in preparatory steps for SEM
Jensen, O. A., Prause, J. U., & Laursen, H. (1981) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/bf00407662 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Birschmann, I., Mietner, S., Dittrich, M. T., Pfrang, J., Dandekar, T., & Walter, U. (2007) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2007.08.022 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Pook, M., Tamming, L., Padari, K., Tiido, T., Maimets, T., Patarroyo, M. E., Juronen, E., Jaks, V., & Ingerpuu, S. (2014) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.12513 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Shrinkage in Preparatory Steps for SEM
Jensen, O. A., Prause, J. U., & Laursen, H. (1981) · Current research in ophthalmic electron microscopy · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-81614-7_3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Microparticle Sizing and Counting Using Light Scattering Methods
Gabriel, D. A., & Giordano, K. (2010) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0030-1267036 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions
Yáñez‐Mó, M., Siljander, P. R. ‐., Andreu, Z., Bedina Zavec, A., Borràs, F. E., Buzas, E. I., Buzas, K., Casal, E., Cappello, F., Carvalho, J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v4.27066 · Cited by 5,926 · see citing works
Self-citationKowal, J., Arras, G., Colombo, M., Jouve, M., Morath, J. P., Primdal-Bengtson, B., Dingli, F., Loew, D., Tkach, M., & Théry, C. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1521230113 · Cited by 3,426 · see citing works
Extracellular vesicles in cancer — implications for future improvements in cancer care
Xu, R., Rai, A., Chen, M., Suwakulsiri, W., Greening, D. W., & Simpson, R. J. (2018) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0036-9 · Cited by 1,435 · see citing works
Methodological Guidelines to Study Extracellular Vesicles
Coumans, F. A. W., Brisson, A. R., Buzás, E. I., Dignat‐George, F., Drees, E. E. E., Andaloussi, S. E., Emanueli, C., Gąsecka, A., Hendrix, A., Hill, A. F., et al. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.117.309417 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
Self-citationExtracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Exosomes, Microvesicles and the Emerging Role of Large Oncosomes
Minciacchi, V. R., Freeman, M., & Vizio, D. D. (2015) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.02.010 · Cited by 900 · see citing works
Extracellular vesicle isolation and characterization: toward clinical application
Xu, R., Greening, D. W., Zhu, H., Takahashi, N., & Simpson, R. J. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci81129 · Cited by 879 · see citing works
Mateescu, B., Kowal, E. J. K., van Balkom, B. W. M., Bartel, S., Bhattacharyya, S. N., Buzás, E. I., Buck, A. H., de Candia, P., Chow, F. W., Das, S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1080/20013078.2017.1286095 · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Sódar, B. W., Kittel, Á., Pálóczi, K., Vukman, K. V., Osteikoetxea, X., Szabó-Taylor, K., Nemeth, A. H., Sperlágh, B., Baranyai, T., Giricz, Z., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep24316 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Formation of a protein corona on the surface of extracellular vesicles in blood plasma
Tóth, E. Á., Turiák, L., Visnovitz, T., Cserép, C., Mázló, A., Sódar, B. W., Försönits, A. I., Petővári, G., Sebestyén, A., Komlósi, Z., et al. (2021) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12140 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Physical exercise induces rapid release of small extracellular vesicles into the circulation
Frühbeis, C., Helmig, S., Tug, S., Simon, P., & Krämer‐Albers, E. (2015) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v4.28239 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Sluijter, J. P. G., Davidson, S. M., Boulanger, C. M., Buzás, E. I., de Kleijn, D. P. V., Engel, F. B., Giricz, Z., Hausenloy, D. J., Kishore, R., Lecour, S., et al. (2017) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvx211 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
What Are We Looking At? Extracellular Vesicles, Lipoproteins, or Both?
Simonsen, J. B. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.117.311767 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Cortactin promotes exosome secretion by controlling branched actin dynamics
Sinha, S., Hoshino, D., Hong, N. H., Kirkbride, K. C., Grega‐Larson, N. E., Seiki, M., Tyska, M. J., & Weaver, A. M. (2016) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201601025 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
A novel multiplex bead‐based platform highlights the diversity of extracellular vesicles
Koliha, N., Wiencek, Y., Heider, U., Jüngst, C., Kladt, N., Krauthäuser, S., Johnston, I., Bosio, A., Schauss, A. C., & Wild, S. (2016) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v5.29975 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Platelet Extracellular Vesicles
Puhm, F., Boilard, É., & Machlus, K. R. (2020) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.120.314644 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Combining Machine Learning and Nanofluidic Technology To Diagnose Pancreatic Cancer Using Exosomes
Ko, J., Bhagwat, N., Yee, S. S., Ortiz, N., Sahmoud, A., Black, T., Aiello, N. M., McKenzie, L., O’Hara, M., Redlinger, C., et al. (2017) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b05503 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Detection of Breast Cancer
Li, J., Guan, X., Fan, Z., Ching, L., Li, Y., Wang, X., Cao, W., & Liu, D. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12102767 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Onódi, Z., Pelyhe, C., Nagy, C. T., Brenner, G. B., Almási, L., Kittel, Á., Manček‐Keber, M., Ferdinandy, P., Buzás, E. I., & Giricz, Z. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01479 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Selective release of circRNAs in platelet‐derived extracellular vesicles
Preußer, C., Hung, L.-H., Schneider, T. P., Schreiner, S., Hardt, M., Moebus, A., Santoso, S., & Bindereif, A. (2018) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1080/20013078.2018.1424473 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Microvesicles in vascular homeostasis and diseases
Ridger, V. C., Boulanger, C. M., Angelillo‐Scherrer, A., Badimón, L., Blanc‐Brude, O., Bochaton‐Piallat, M., Boilard, É., Buzás, E. I., Caporali, A., Dignat‐George, F., et al. (2017) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th16-12-0943 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Platelet microvesicles in health and disease
Melki, I., Tessandier, N., Zufferey, A., & Boilard, É. (2017) · Platelets · doi:10.1080/09537104.2016.1265924 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Advances in Drug Delivery Systems Based on Red Blood Cells and Their Membrane-Derived Nanoparticles
Nguyen, P. H. D., Jayasinghe, M. K., Le, A. H., Peng, B., & Le, M. T. N. (2023) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c11965 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
The dynamic role of platelets in cancer progression and their therapeutic implications
Li, S., Lu, Z., Wu, S., Chu, T., Li, B., Qi, F., Zhao, Y., & Nie, G. (2023) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-023-00639-6 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Extracellular Vesicles in Human Reproduction in Health and Disease
Simón, C., Greening, D. W., Bolumar, D., Balaguer, N., Salamonsen, L. A., & Vilella, F. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00229 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Improved Characterization of EV Preparations Based on Protein to Lipid Ratio and Lipid Properties
Osteikoetxea, X., Balogh, A., Szabó-Taylor, K., Németh, A., Szabó, T. G., Pálóczi, K., Sódar, B. W., Kittel, Á., György, B., Pállinger, É., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121184 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Rupert, D. L. M., Claudio, V., Lässer, C., & Bally, M. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.028 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Subtyping of circulating exosome-bound amyloid β reflects brain plaque deposition
Lim, C. Z. J., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Zhao, H., Stephenson, M. C., Ho, N. R. Y., Chen, Y., Chung, J., Reilhac, A., Loh, T. P., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09030-2 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes from different sources selectively promote neuritic outgrowth
Lopez‐Verrilli, M. A., Caviedes, A., Cabrera, A. J. H., Sandoval, S., Wyneken, Ú., & Khoury, M. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.061 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Zhu, W., Dong, Y.-Q., Xu, P.-C., Pan, Q.-Y., Jia, K.-Y., Jin, P.-S., Zhou, M., Xu, Y.-B., Guo, R., & Che, B. (2022) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.038 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Wu, C., Li, J., Li, L., Sun, J., Fabbri, M., Wayne, A. S., Seeger, R. C., & Jong, A. (2019) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1080/20013078.2019.1588538 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Platelets and extracellular vesicles and their cross talk with cancer
Lazar, S., & Goldfinger, L. E. (2021) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2019004119 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Platelet-derived Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Therapeutic Approach
Tao, S., Guo, S., & Zhang, C. (2017) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.19776 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor in Megakaryocytes
Chacón-Fernández, P., Säuberli, K., Colzani, M., Moreau, T., Ghevaert, C., & Barde, Y.-A. (2016) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m116.720029 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Novel findings in neutrophil biology and their impact on cardiovascular disease
Bonaventura, A., Montecucco, F., Dallegri, F., Carbone, F., Lüscher, T. F., Camici, G. G., & Liberale, L. (2019) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvz084 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Yates, A. G., Pink, R. C., Erdbrügger, U., Siljander, P. R. M., Dellar, E. R., Pantazi, P., Akbar, N., Cooke, W. R., Vatish, M., Dias‐Neto, E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12151 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationLucien, F., Gustafson, D., Lenassi, M., Li, B., Teske, J. J., Boilard, É., von Hohenberg, K. C., Falcón‐Pérez, J. M., Gualerzi, A., Reale, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12385 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationBadimón, L., Suades, R., Eduardo Fuentes, Q., Palomo, I. F., & Padró, T. (2016) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00293 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Extracellular Vesicles as an Efficient and Versatile System for Drug Delivery
Dang, X. T. T., Jayasinghe, M. K., Zhang, D. X., Pirisinu, M., & Le, M. T. N. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9102191 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Prospective Therapeutic Applications of Platelet Extracellular Vesicles
Johnson, J., Wu, Y., Blyth, C., Lichtfuss, G. F., Goubran, H. A., & Burnouf, T. P. R. (2020) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.10.004 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Burnouf, T. P. R., Chou, M., Lundy, D. J., Chuang, E., Tseng, C., & Goubran, H. A. (2023) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-023-00972-w · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Tan, M., Yan, H., Li, J., Li, W., Fu, Y., Chen, W., & Zhou, Z. (2016) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000445588 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Effects of Inhibiting VPS4 Support a General Role for ESCRTs in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis
Jackson, C. E., Scruggs, B. S., Schaffer, J. E., & Hanson, P. I. (2017) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2017.05.032 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Burnouf, T. P. R., Chou, M., Goubran, H. A., Cognasse, F., Garraud, O., & Seghatchian, J. (2015) · Transfusion and Apheresis Science · doi:10.1016/j.transci.2015.10.010 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Extracellular vesicles: intelligent delivery strategies for therapeutic applications
Pinheiro, A., Silva, A. M., Teixeira, J., Gonçalves, R., Almeida, M. I., Barbosa, M., & Santos, S. (2018) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.019 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Exosomes as smart drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy
Zhang, H., Wang, S., Sun, M., Cui, Y., Xing, J., Teng, L., Xi, Z., & Yang, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093607 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Microvesicles from platelets: novel drivers of vascular inflammation
Vajen, T., Mause, S. F., & Koenen, R. R. (2015) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th14-11-0962 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Extracellular vesicles: their role in cancer biology and epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Gopal, S. K., Greening, D. W., Rai, A., Chen, M., Xu, R., Shafiq, A., Mathias, R. A., Zhu, H., & Simpson, R. J. (2016) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20160006 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Krawczenko, A., & Klimczak, A. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23052425 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Escudero, C., Herlitz, K., Troncoso, F., Acurio, J., Aguayo, C. R., Roberts, J. M., Truong, G., Duncombe, G. J., Rice, G. E., & Salomón, C. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00098 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Strategies for the use of Extracellular Vesicles for the Delivery of Therapeutics
Sil, S., Dagur, R. S., Liao, K., Peeples, E. S., Hu, G., Periyasamy, P., & Buch, S. (2020) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-019-09873-y · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Tang, J., Kou, X., Huang, W., Zhu, Y., Jiang, Y., Yang, K., Li, C., Meng, H., Qu, Y., et al. (2022) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12240 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Zhu, Z., Zhang, D., Lee, H., Menon, A. A., Wu, J., Hu, K., & Jin, Y. (2017) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.3a1116-483r · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Imaging flow cytometry for the characterization of extracellular vesicles
Lannigan, J. A., & Erdbrüegger, U. (2016) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.09.018 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Wu, J., Piao, Y., Liu, Q., & Yang, X. (2021) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/cpr.13123 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Milioli, M., Ibáñez-Vea, M., Sidoli, S., Palmisano, G., Careri, M., & Larsen, M. R. (2015) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.013 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Salunkhe, V. A., van der Meer, P. F., de Korte, D., Seghatchian, J., & Gutiérrez, L. (2014) · Transfusion and Apheresis Science · doi:10.1016/j.transci.2014.12.016 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Wu, Z., He, D., & Li, H. (2020) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.011 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Thrombin Generation and Cancer: Contributors and Consequences
Reddel, C. J., Tan, C. W., & Chen, V. M. Y. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11010100 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Chimen, M., Evryviadou, A., Box, C. L., Harrison, M. J., Hazeldine, J., Dib, L. H., Kuravi, S. J., Payne, H., Price, J. M. J., Kavanagh, D. P. J., et al. (2019) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2018.215145 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
On-Chip Immunoelectrophoresis of Extracellular Vesicles Released from Human Breast Cancer Cells
Akagi, T., Kato, K., Kobayashi, M., Kosaka, N., Ochiya, T., & Ichiki, T. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123603 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Foster, B. P., Balassa, T., Benen, T. D., Dominović, M., Elmadjian, G. K., Сергеевна, Ф. В., Fransolet, M., Kestlerová, A., Kmiecik, G., Kostadinova, I. A., et al. (2016) · Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences · doi:10.1080/10408363.2016.1190682 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Platelets: The missing link between the blood and brain?
Leiter, O., & Walker, T. L. (2019) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101695 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Platelets and Platelet Extracellular Vesicles in Hemostasis and Sepsis
Kerris, E. W. J., Hoptay, C. E., Calderon, T., & Freishtat, R. J. (2019) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1136/jim-2019-001195 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Intracellular origin and ultrastructure of platelet‐derived microparticles
Ponomareva, A. A., Nevzorova, T. A., Mordakhanova, E. R., Andrianova, I. A., Rauova, L., Игоревич, Л. Р., & Weisel, J. W. (2017) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.13745 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Getting to know the extracellular vesicle glycome
Gerlach, J. Q., & Griffin, M. D. (2016) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c5mb00835b · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Rojalin, T., Phong, B., Koster, H., & Carney, R. P. (2019) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2019.00279 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Human plasma platelet‐derived exosomes: effects of aspirin
Goetzl, E. J., Goetzl, L. M., Karliner, J. S., Tang, N., & Pulliam, L. (2016) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201500150r · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles: A double-edged sword in central nervous system disorders
Zhao, S., Sheng, S., Wang, Y., Ding, L., Xu, X., Xia, X., & Zheng, J. C. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.027 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The multifaceted role of platelets in mediating brain function
Burnouf, T., & Walker, T. L. (2022) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2022015970 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Ko, J., Bhagwat, N., Black, T. A., Yee, S. S., Na, Y.-J., Fisher, S., Kim, J., Carpenter, E. L., Stanger, B. Z., & Issadore, D. (2018) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3703 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Kuravi, S. J., Harrison, P., Rainger, G. E., & Nash, G. B. (2018) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-018-0893-5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Regulation of endothelial cell permeability by platelet-derived extracellular vesicles
Miyazawa, B. Y., Trivedi, A. A., Togarrati, P. P., Potter, D. R., Baimukanova, G., Vivona, L. R., Lin, M., Lopez, E., Callcut, R. A., Srivastava, A. K., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000002230 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
KeepEX, a simple dilution protocol for improving extracellular vesicle yields from urine
Puhka, M., Nordberg, M.-E., Valkonen, S., Rannikko, A. S., Kallioniemi, O., Siljander, P. R. M., & af Hällström, T. M. (2016) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.021 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization and Therapeutic Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Platelets
Špaková, T., Janočková, J., & Rosocha, J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22189701 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Extracellular Vesicles and Thrombosis: Update on the Clinical and Experimental Evidence
Zifkos, K., Dubois, C., & Schäfer, K. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22179317 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Revealing the diversity of extracellular vesicles using high-dimensional flow cytometry analyses
Marcoux, G., Duchez, A., Cloutier, N., Provost, P., Nigrovic, P. A., & Boilard, É. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep35928 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Rousseau, M., Belleannée, C., Duchez, A., Cloutier, N., Lévesque, T., Jacques, F., Perron, J., Nigrovic, P. A., Dieudé, M., Hébert, M., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116812 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Blood derivatives awaken in regenerative medicine strategies to modulate wound healing
Mendes, B. B., Gómez‐Florit, M., Babo, P. S., Domingues, R. M. A., Reis, R. L., & Gomes, M. E. (2017) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.018 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Extracellular Vesicles and Asthma—More Than Just a Co-Existence
Alhamwe, B. A., Potaczek, D. P., Miethe, S., Alhamdan, F., Hintz, L., Magomedov, A., & Garn, H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094984 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Zheng, G., Ma, H., Xiang, G., He, G.-L., Cai, H., Dai, Z.-H., Chen, Y., Lin, Y., Xu, H., Ni, W.-F., et al. (2022) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-022-01400-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Biological reference materials for extracellular vesicle studies
Valkonen, S., van der Pol, E., Böing, A. N., Yuana, Y., Yliperttula, M. L., Nieuwland, R., Laitinen, S., & Siljander, P. R. M. (2016) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2016.09.008 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationEppensteiner, J. C., Kwun, J., Scheuermann, U., Barbas, A. S., Limkakeng, A. T., Kuchibhatla, M. N., Elster, E. A., Kirk, A. D., & Lee, J. (2019) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.127925 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Multia, E., Tear, C. J. Y., Palviainen, M., Siljander, P. R. M., & Riekkola, M. (2019) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.022 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationLázaro‐Ibáñez, E., Lunavat, T. R., Jang, S. C., Escobedo‐Lucea, C., Cruz, J. O. L., Siljander, P. R. M., Lötvall, J. O., & Yliperttula, M. L. (2017) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3087-x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationRelease of α-granule contents during platelet activation
Smith, C. W. (2021) · Platelets · doi:10.1080/09537104.2021.1913576 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Rui, S., Yuan, Y. C., Du, C., Song, P., Chen, Y., Wang, H., Fan, Y., Armstrong, D. G., Deng, W., & Li, L. (2021) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/09636897211017833 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Platelet extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for arterial thrombosis
Gąsecka, A., Böing, A. N., Filipiak, K. J., & Nieuwland, R. (2016) · Platelets · doi:10.1080/09537104.2016.1254174 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Oggero, S., de Gaetano, M., Marcone, S., Fitzsimons, S., Pinto, A., Ikramova, D., Barry, M. C., Burke, D., Montero‐Melendez, T., Cooper, D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12084 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Dai, Z., Zhao, T., Song, N., Pan, K., Yang, Y., Zhu, X., Chen, P., Zhang, J., & Chen, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1026386 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Target Mitochondrial RNA
Becker, Y., Marcoux, G., Allaeys, I., Julien, A.-S., Loignon, R.-C., Benk-Fortin, H., Rollet-Labelle, E., Rauch, J., Fortin, P. R., & Boilard, E. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01026 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Guo, L., Zhang, Y., Wei, R., Zhang, X., Wang, C., & Feng, M. (2020) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.45528 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Gianazza, E., Brioschi, M., Baetta, R., Mallia, A., Banfi, C., & Tremoli, E. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21124541 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Xu, L., Kang, Y., Cheng, Q., He, Y., & Ji, X. (2024) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122478 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Al-Koussa, H., AlZaim, I., & El-Sabban, M. E. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11164932 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Target of Antiplatelet Agents. What Is the Evidence?
Taus, F., Meneguzzi, A., Castelli, M., & Minuz, P. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01256 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
microRNAs as Promising Biomarkers of Platelet Activity in Antiplatelet Therapy Monitoring
Krammer, T. L., Mayr, M., & Hackl, M. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21103477 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Platelets Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of Cancer Progression—An Updated Perspective
Żmigrodzka, M., Witkowska‐Piłaszewicz, O., & Winnicka, A. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21155195 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Binding and antiplatelet activity of quercetin, rutin, diosmetin, and diosmin flavonoids
Zaragozá, C., Monserrat, J., Mantecón, C., Villaescusa, L., Álvarez-Mon, M. Á., Zaragozá, F., & Álvarez‐Mon, M. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111867 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Characterization of extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry: Challenges and promises
Gul, B., Syed, F., Khan, S., Iqbal, A., & Ahmad, I. (2022) · Micron · doi:10.1016/j.micron.2022.103341 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Gas6-Axl Protein Interaction Mediates Endothelial Uptake of Platelet Microparticles
Happonen, K. E., Tran, S., Mörgelin, M., Prince, R. E., Calzavarini, S., Angelillo‐Scherrer, A., & Dahlbäck, B. (2016) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.699058 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
- Authors
- Aatonen, M. T., Öhman, T., Nyman, T. A., Laitinen, S., Grönholm, M., & Siljander, P. R. ‐.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Finnish Red Cross (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Siljander, Pia R.‐M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2001-3078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4125723
- OpenAlex
- W1991525001
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 11.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Extracellular Vesicles (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Magnus Ehrnroothin Säätiö
- Otto A. Malm Lahjoitusrahasto
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Platelet Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Caveolin-1 and cellular processes
- Keywords
- platelet-derived extracellular vesicles, exosomes, microparticles, EV isolation, platelet activation, thrombin, collagen, lipopolysaccharide, calcium ionophore, vesicle size distribution, EV proteome, vesicle heterogeneity, sample normalization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review