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A ROWS is a ROSE: Spelling, sound, and reading
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“These stimuli are harder to reject as non-words in a lexical decision task (e.g., Goswami et al., 2001; Ziegler et al., 2001), generate more semantic categorization errors (e.g., Van Orden, 1987), and are more effective primes compared with carefully matched orthographic controls”
From A Dual-Route Approach to Orthographic Processing (2011) · cites this paper as Van Orden, 1987
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BackgroundMethodProcessing of Written Words by Individuals With Prelingual Deafness
Miller, P. (2004) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2004/072 · Cited by 26
Does phonology play a role when skilled readers read high-frequency words? Evidence from ERPs
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“... 1985; Patterson & Coltheart, 1987; Seidenberg, 1985a, b). The issue of whether the phonological representation of a word is computed prelexically, and contributes, or even mediates, word identification in reading has been widely discussed (Coltheart, 1978; Evett & Humphreys, 1981; Hillinger, 1980; Lukatela, Feldma…”
BackgroundPhonological codes are early sources of constraint in visual semantic categorization
Peter, M., & Turvey, M. T. (1994) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03205307 · Cited by 26
Functional MRI of the Language System
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Beyond decoding: Phonological processing during silent reading in beginning readers.
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Word recognition in two languages and orthographies: English and Greek
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Masked repetition and phonological priming in picture naming
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Inhibition of naming by rhyming primes
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Cross-language phonological activation of meaning: evidence from category verification
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“The category verification task has been used successfully in the monolingual literature to examine whether semantic activation is phonologically mediated during reading (Jared & Seidenberg, 1991; van Orden, 1987; van Orden, Johnston & Hale, 1988).”
Cross-language mediated priming: Effects of context and lexical relationship
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BackgroundInfluentialA Connectionist Modeling Approach to Word Recognition and Dyslexia
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“Is there an early stage of visual word recognition during which orthographic units are detected but before phonological codes are activated? In a number of studies, it has been found that phonological information is available as early as it can be tested for (Lukatela & Turvey, 1991; Perfetti & Bell, 1991; Van Orden,…”
BackgroundEqual homophonic priming with words and pseudohomophones.
Lukatela, G., Eaton, T., Lee, C. H., Carello, C., & Turvey, M. T. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.28.1.3 · Cited by 24
Dyslexia: Deficits, Genetic Aetiology and Computer-based Remediation
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A Test Battery for Inner Speech Functions
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“…to the monolingual pseudo-homophone effect (e.g. English non-words (BRANE) that sound like real words (brain); (e.g. Rubenstein et al., 1971; van Orden, 1987; Ziegler et al., 2001), Bentin and Ibrahim observed that SA pseudo-homophones were more difficult to reject (slower reaction times) than…”
BackgroundResultThe Changing Role of Phonology in Reading Development
Milledge, S. V., & Blythe, H. I. (2019) · Vision · doi:10.3390/vision3020023 · Cited by 24
“Van Orden [26], in a semantic categorisation task, found that frequent errors were made to homophones of particular categories; for example, for the category ‘flower’ the word rows is homophonic to the category instance of rose, and participants frequently made false positive errors to rows relative to orthographic co…”
BackgroundPhonemic effects in reading comprehension and text memory
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Learnability of graphotactic rules in visual word identification
Verhoeven, L. T. W., Schreuder, R., & Baayen, R. H. (2006) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2006.10.003 · Cited by 23
“Van Orden and Goldinger (1994, 1996) describe how a recurrent network model can establish orthographic e phonological relations at the (sub)word level.”
BackgroundNeuroimaging Reveals Automatic Speech Coding during Perception of Written Word Meaning
Xu, B., Grafman, J. H., Gaillard, W. D., Spanaki, M. V., Ishii, K., Balsamo, L. M., Makale, M., & Theodore, W. H. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1215 · Cited by 23
Development of Dyslexic Subgroups: A One-Year Follow Up.
Manis, F. R., Seidenberg, M. S., Stallings, L. M., Joanisse, M. F., Bailey, C. E., Freedman, L., Curtin, S. L., & Keating, P. (1999) · Annals of Dyslexia · Cited by 23
Wehner, D. T., Ahlfors, S. P., & Mody, M. (2007) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2007/050 · Cited by 23
3. Audio-visual Integration During Bilingual Language Processing
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Strategic reliance on phonological mediation in lexical access
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Compatible and incompatible representations in visual sensory storage
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Phonology contributes to writing: evidence from a masked priming task
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How the clustering of phonological neighbors affects visual word recognition.
Yates, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0032422 · Cited by 22
Effects of Vowel Length on Gaze Durations in Silent and Oral Reading
Huestegge, L. (2010) · Journal of Eye Movement Research · doi:10.16910/jemr.3.5.5 · Cited by 22
“Studies involving the identification of isolated words convincingly demonstrated that phonological information is activated during silent reading (Berent & Perfetti, 1995; Drieghe & Brysbaert, 2002; Folk, 1999; Lee, Binder, Kim, Pollatsek, & Rayner, 1999; Lukatela & Turvey, 1994; Perfetti & Bell, 1991; Rayner, Pollats…”
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Sandak, R., Frost, S. J., Rueckl, J. G., Landi, N., Mencl, W. E., Katz, L. D., & Pugh, K. R. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139029377.012 · Cited by 22
Do Readers Use Phonological Codes to Activate Word Meanings? Evidence from Eye Movements
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Phonological and semantic priming: Evidence for task-independent effects
Rouibah, A., Tiberghien, G., & Lupker, S. J. (1999) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03211538 · Cited by 22
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Visual word recognition during reading is followed by subvocal articulation.
Eiter, B. M., & Inhoff, A. W. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0018278 · Cited by 27
Phonological Activation During Visual Word Recognition in Deaf and Hearing Children
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Miller, P. (2001) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1023/a:1026561417325 · Cited by 21
“For hearing individuals, the prevalence of phonological coding in information processing has been particularly well documented in relation to the processing of written text (Corcoran and Weening, 1968; McCutchen and Perfetti, 1982; Rubenstein et al., 1971; Shimron, 1993; Van Orden, 1987; Van Orden et al., 1988; Van Or…”
MethodAuditory priming in spoken and printed word recognition
Chen, H.-C., & Cutler, A. (1997) · Max Planck Digital Library · Cited by 21
Wang, Y., Jiang, M., Huang, Y., & Qiu, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637238 · Cited by 20
Hino, Y., Lupker, S. J., Ogawa, T., & Sears, C. R. (2003) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/s0749-596x(02)00500-4 · Cited by 20
“As our reason for presenting the same word in different scripts was simply to reduce the visual similarity and familiarity of stimuli and not to create any syntactic confusion, we attempted to minimize any potential problems by using only nouns that are normally written in either Kanji or Katakana. curs early in the w…”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Role of Motor Action in Memory for Objects and Words
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The role of phonology in a letter detection task
Gross, J. L., Rebecca Treiman, A., & Inman, J. (2000) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03198550 · Cited by 20
Is phonological deficit a necessary or sufficient condition for Chinese reading disability?
Siok, W. T., & Tan, L. H. (2022) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105069 · Cited by 20
Carrasco‐Ortíz, H., & Frenck-Mestre, C. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00888 · Cited by 19
“The strongest evidence for phonological mediation during the processing of written words has been provided by research on single-word reading (Van Orden, 1987; Lukatela and Turvey, 1993; Jared et al., 1999).”
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Sentence reading: Do we make use of orthographic cues in homophones?
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Normes d’imagerie et de fréquence subjective pour 1 760 mots monosyllabiques de la langue française.
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Phonetic recoding of phonologically ambiguous printed words.
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What the Science of Learning Teaches Us About Arithmetic Fluency
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The functions of phonology in the acquisition of reading: Lexical and sentence processing
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“There is now substantial evidence suggesting that the extraction of written words’ meaning involves the activation of phonological representations (Bentin & Ibrahim, 1996; Miller, 2002; Share, 1999; Tan & Perfetti, 1998; Van Orden, 1987; Van Orden, Johnston & Hale, 1988; Van Orden, Stone, Garlington, Markson, Pinnt &…”
BackgroundConstraints on definite article alternation in speech production: To “thee” or not to “thee”?
Gaskell, M. G., Cox, H., Foley, K., Grieve, H., & O’Brien, R. (2003) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03196110 · Cited by 18
“This close involvement of phonology in reading has led some authors to argue that interactive feedback links exist between phonological and orthographic representations (e.g., Stone, Vanhoy, & Van Orden, 1997).”
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Neural correlates of diacritics in Arabic: An fMRI study
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Is unconscious identity priming lexical or sublexical?
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“4 This explanation differs from Van Orden s (1987) in that the verification process would occur consciously based upon partial information rather than prior to conscious awareness as suggested by Van Orden.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialActivation of Multiple Phoneme Associates of Graphemes in Visual Word Recognition
Lange, M. (2002) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1006/brln.2001.2551 · Cited by 17
Color-Shape Associations in Deaf and Hearing People
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Individual differences in the efficiency of word recognition.
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“Orthographic similarity (OS) is derived from a formula presented by Van Orden et al. (1988). An OS score of 1.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialInterhemispheric Interaction Affected by Identification of Chinese Characters
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Exploring the dynamics of the visual word recognition system: Homophone effects in LDT and’naming
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What matters in kanji word naming: Consistency, regularity, or On/Kun-reading difference?
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“The supporting evidence that direct transcoding plays an essential role in reading can be found in various studies including (a) reliable homophone effects in semantic categorisation of kanji words (Wydell, Patterson & Humphreys 1993; Sakuma, Sasanuma, Tatsumi & Masaki 1998), parallel data of which can be seen for Eng…”
BackgroundThe origin of classical greek culture: the transparent chain theory of literacy/society interaction
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Joyce, T. (2002) · Terrestrial Environment Research Center (University of Tsukuba) · Cited by 16
Frequency Effects on Spelling Error Recognition: An ERP Study
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Metadata
- Authors
- van Orden, G. C.
- Venue
- Memory & Cognition
- Published
- 1987-05
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 181-198
- ISSN
- 0090-502X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5946
- OpenAlex
- W2024245812
- Semantic Scholar
- afe2e2a23551f1d3d150105e4504bdcc9b421051
- Cited by
- 867
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 18.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Memory & Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Keywords
- homophones, visual word recognition, phonological features, spelling, reading, pattern masking, semantic classification, false positives, word recognition
- MeSH terms
- Female, Form Perception, Humans, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Phonetics, Reading, Semantics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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