Anxiety and cognitive efficiency: Differential modulation of transient and sustained neural activity during a working memory task
Open accessAbstract
According to the processing-efficiency hypothesis (Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, 2007), anxious individuals are thought to require greater activation of brain systems supporting cognitive control (e.g.,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; DLPFC) in order to maintain equivalent performance to nonanxious subjects. A recent theory of cognitive control (Braver, Gray, & Burgess, 2007) has proposed that reduced cognitive efficiency might occur as a result of changes in the temporal dynamics of DLPFC recruitment. In this study, we used a mixed blocked/ event-related fMRI design to track transient and sustained activity in DLPFC while high- and low-anxious participants performed a working memory task. The task was performed after the participants viewed videos designed to induce neutral or anxiety-related moods. After the neutral video, the high-anxious participants had reduced sustained but increased transient activation in working memory areas, in comparison with low-anxious participants. The high-anxious group also showed extensive reductions in sustained activation of "default-network" areas (possible deactivation). After the negative video,the low-anxiety group shifted their activation dynamics in cognitive control regions to resemble those of the high-anxious group. These results suggest that reduced cognitive control in anxiety might be due to a transient, rather than sustained, pattern of working memory recruitment. Supplementary information for this study may be found at www.psychonomic.org/archive.
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Neuroticism-related traits involve feeling negative emotions, which interrupt higher cognition.
“Neuroticism-related traits involve feeling negative emotions, which interrupt higher cognition (36, 37).”
From Meta-analytic relations between personality and cognitive ability (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
The Anxiety-Cognition Interaction in the Brain section says anxiety-related worry and threat-related thoughts are believed to intrude on cognition by using working-memory resources. The Summary reports different cognitive-control activity in high- and low-anxious participants. The paper focuses on anxiety rather than neuroticism-related traits generally, and presents cognitive interruption as a proposed mechanism, not an established effect of negative emotions across those traits (page unavailable in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.79)
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- Authors
- FALES, C. L., BARCH, D. M., BURGESS, G. C., SCHAEFER, A., MENNIN, D. S., GRAY, J. R., & BRAVER, T. S.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- FALES, C. L.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2008-09-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 239-253
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- OpenAlex
- W2005005859
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066088, R01MH66088)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- anxiety, cognitive efficiency, cognitive control, working memory, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, sustained neural activity, default mode network, mood induction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Anxiety, Attention, Cognition, Efficiency, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Reference Values, Sex Factors, Prefrontal Cortex
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