Performance monitoring in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A temporo-spatial principal component analysis
Open accessAbstract
Hyperactive performance monitoring is a robust finding in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Patients show increased amplitudes of the error-related negativity (ERN) and correct-related negativity (CRN). Recently, two temporo-spatial factors were shown to contribute to both ERPs in healthy individuals. In the present study, it was investigated whether the factor structure underlying ERN and CRN is similar in OCD and which factors differ between groups. A principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to investigate the temporo-spatial factor structure of ERN and CRN. Twenty-six OCD patients and 26 healthy controls conducted a flanker task. EEG data were analyzed as conventional ERP components and as factor scores derived from temporo-spatial PCA. ERP results showed expected increases in ERN and CRN amplitudes in OCD patients. For both groups, the PCA confirmed the assumed factor structure of a central and a fronto-parietal factor contributing to ERN and CRN. Factor scores of both factors were differently affected by response correctness in OCD. Alterations in factor scores indicate increased activity in both an outcome-independent monitoring process and an error-sensitive process, contributing to overactive performance monitoring in OCD.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Two studies that did not give participants feedback about their responses observed a significant or marginally significant decrease in the amplitude of OCD patients' Pe component.
“Indeed, two studies that did not give participants feedback about their responses observed a significant or marginally significant decrease in the amplitude of OCD patients’ Pe component [31, 32].”
From Error-Related Brain Potentials as Biomarkers of Pathology Severity and Treatment Resistance in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
The ERP results report significantly reduced error-related positivity in OCD patients at the frontal electrode FCz (p = .018), and the task procedure describes no response feedback. But the Discussion distinguishes this frontal or early Pe finding from the conventional parietal Pe, which did not differ between groups. This paper therefore supports the claim only if “Pe component” means the frontal Pe; it does not support an unqualified decrease in Pe amplitude. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPatients included in previous studies that showed a significant increase in ERN/CRN amplitude of OCD patients compared with controls had significantly less severe forms of the disorder, with mean Y-BOCS scores ranging from 17 to 22.5.
“In comparison, patients included in previous studies that showed a significant increase in the ERN/CRN amplitude of OCD patients compared with controls [8, 9, 26, 28–30, 32] had significantly less severe forms of the disorder, with mean Y‐BOCS scores ranging from 17 to 22.5.”
From Error-Related Brain Potentials as Biomarkers of Pathology Severity and Treatment Resistance in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
Table 1 (page unavailable) reports a mean Y-BOCS score of 22.3 for this study’s OCD patients, within the claimed range. The ERP results report significantly greater ERN amplitudes than in controls, but CRN group differences reached only trend level. The paper does not establish that its patients had significantly less severe OCD than those in the citing study. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSuch a large difference between the Pe/Pc of OCD patients and controls has not yet been reported in the literature, although two studies have already shown a decrease in Pe amplitude in patients compared with controls.
“Such a large difference between the Pe/Pc of OCD patients and controls has not yet been reported in the literature, although two studies have already shown a decrease in Pe amplitude in patients compared with controls [23, 32].”
From Error-Related Brain Potentials as Biomarkers of Pathology Severity and Treatment Resistance in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
The Discussion reports a reduced frontal, early Pe in OCD patients compared with healthy controls, supporting this paper as one study behind the cited decrease. It also says the conventional Pe did not differ between groups, so the unqualified claim about Pe amplitude is broader than this paper’s finding. The statement about how unusually large the citing study’s Pe/Pc difference is appears to be the citing authors’ own comparison. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTreatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) has no effect on the ERN.
“Because studies have indicated that treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) has no effect on the ERN, 43 patients were enrolled taking a stable dose of an SRI but no other medications [15, 17–19, 27].”
From Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
The ERP results (page unavailable) found no statistically significant medication effect on ERN/CRN peak amplitudes in patients with OCD. But they reported a trend toward attenuated amplitudes in patients taking SSRIs, and the PCA results found a significant medication effect on a factor contributing to the ERN. The paper therefore does not establish the unqualified claim that SRI treatment has no effect on the ERN. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOf the eight studies examining the Pe in adults with OCD, the others found no differences between OCD cases and healthy controls.
“Of the eight studies examining the Pe in adults with OCD, one found a diminished Pe with the others finding no differences between OCD cases and HC [8, 27].”
From Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says the Pe did not differ between OCD and control groups, consistent with four earlier studies, supporting the no-difference finding for those studies. It does not establish that eight adult studies were examined or that all the other studies found no difference; it also reports reduced frontal positivity in the present OCD group. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
It is doubtful that brain potentials would be different with a more diverse or untreated sample.
“Participants were primarily Caucasian and treatment was uncontrolled; however, it is doubtful that brain potentials would be different with a more diverse or untreated sample [8, 15–17, 25, 27, 42].”
From Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says medication did not appear to account for overactive performance monitoring, supporting the suggestion that the main finding would persist in unmedicated patients. But the ERP and PCA Results (pages unavailable) report medication-related amplitude trends and a significant difference in one PCA factor, so the paper does not establish that brain potentials would be unchanged. It does not address whether a more ethnically diverse sample would produce the same results. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOCD patients appear to make more errors than controls in the flanker task when the central arrow is presented for very short times (10-12 ms) as in the present study but not when the central arrow is displayed for longer times (30-50 ms).
“Indeed, OCD patients appear to make more errors than controls in the flanker task when the central arrow is presented for very short times (10–12 ms) as in the present study [11] but not when the central arrow is displayed for longer times (30–50 ms, [8, 9, 32]).”
From Error-Related Brain Potentials as Biomarkers of Pathology Severity and Treatment Resistance in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
An increased CRN was found in pediatric OCD cases, consistent with several studies of adult OCD cases.
“Our finding of an increased CRN in pediatric OCD cases is consistent with several studies of adult OCD cases [18, 19, 27].”
From Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
Of the eight studies examining the Pe in adults with OCD, one found a diminished Pe.
“Of the eight studies examining the Pe in adults with OCD, one found a diminished Pe with the others finding no differences between OCD cases and HC [8, 27].”
From Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
In pediatric OCD cases, ΔPe and Peresid were decreased along with an increased Pc and Pcresid.
“In contrast to most studies of performance monitoring in OCD, we found a decreased ΔPe and Peresid along with an increased Pc and Pcresid, in pediatric OCD cases (Table 1) [8, 26, 27].”
From Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, Use, and Reliability
Goodman, W. K. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007 · Cited by 7,712 · see citing works
Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task
Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03203267 · Cited by 7,230 · see citing works
Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex
Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M. I. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01483-2 · Cited by 6,259 · see citing works
The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version.
Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485 · Cited by 2,959 · see citing works
A neural system for error detection and compensation
Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M. G. H., Meyer, D. E., & Donchin, E. (1993) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00586.x · Cited by 2,862 · see citing works
The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: Measures of internal consistency
Kim, S. W., Dysken, M. W., Pheley, A. M., & Hoover, K. M. (1994) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(94)90039-6 · Cited by 2,361 · see citing works
Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J., & Blanke, L. (1991) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(91)90062-9 · Cited by 1,706 · see citing works
ERP components on reaction errors and their functional significance: A tutorial
Falkenstein, M., Hoormann, J., Christ, S., & Hohnsbein, J. (2000) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00031-9 · Cited by 1,442 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The Pe has been associated with error awareness (Endrass, Franke, & Kathmann, 2005; Endrass, Klawohn, Preuss & Kathmann, 2012) and individual error significance (Falkenstein et al., 2000).”
The Timing of Action-Monitoring Processes in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
van Veen, V., & Carter, C. S. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/08989290260045837 · Cited by 1,288 · see citing works
Menzies, L., Chamberlain, S. R., Laird, A. R., Thelen, S. M., Sahakian, B. J., & Bullmore, E. T. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.09.005 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Debener, S., Ullsperger, M., Siegel, M., Fiehler, K., von Cramon, D. Y., & Engel, A. K. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3286-05.2005 · Cited by 1,055 · see citing works
Demmel, R. (1999) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026//0084-5345.28.1.68 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works
A multiple source approach to the correction of eye artifacts
Berg, P., & Scherg, M. (1994) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(94)90094-9 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Action-Monitoring Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Gehring, W. J., Himle, J., & Nisenson, L. G. (2000) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00206 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Psychophysiological brain research.
BRUNIA, C. H. M., Gaillard, A., & de Kok, A. (1993) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 627 · see citing works
N200 in the flanker task as a neurobehavioral tool for investigating executive control
Kopp, B., Rist, F., & Mattler, U. (1996) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb00425.x · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Abnormal gray and white matter volume in delusional infestation
Wolf, R. C., Huber, M. K., Depping, M. S., Thomann, P. A., Kärner, M., Lepping, P., & Freudenmann, R. W. (2013) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.06.004 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Overbeek, T. J. M., Nieuwenhuis, S., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2005) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803.19.4.319 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
The error-related negativity (ERN) and psychopathology: Toward an endophenotype
Olvet, D. M., & Hajcak, G. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.07.003 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Differentiating neural responses to emotional pictures: evidence from temporal-spatial PCA.
Foti, D., Hajcak, G., & Dien, J. (2009) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00796.x · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Dien, J. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.12.009 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Is the “error negativity” specific to errors?
Vidal, F., Hasbroucq, T., Grapperon, J., & Bonnet, M. (2000) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00032-0 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Coles, M. G. H., Scheffers, M. K., & Holroyd, C. B. (2001) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(01)00076-x · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Foti, D., Weinberg, A., Dien, J., & Hajcak, G. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21182 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Schizophrenia: The broken P300 and beyond
Ford, J. M. (1999) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3660667 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Coles, M. E., Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R. G., & Rhéaume, J. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00044-x · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Error-related psychophysiology and negative affect
Hajcak, G., McDonald, N. M., & Simons, R. F. (2004) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2003.11.001 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
O'Connell, R. G., Dockree, P. M., Bellgrove, M. A., Kelly, S. P., Hester, R., Garavan, H., Robertson, I. H., & Foxe, J. J. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05477.x · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Error-related hyperactivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Fitzgerald, K. D., Welsh, R. C., Gehring, W. J., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., Liberzon, I., & Taylor, S. F. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.038 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Functional organization of the medial frontal cortex
Rushworth, M. F., Buckley, M. J., Behrens, T. E., Walton, M. E., & Bannerman, D. M. (2007) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2007.03.001 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Steer, R. A., Ball, R., Ranieri, W. F., & Beck, A. T. (1997) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1997.80.2.443 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder
Aouizerate, B., Guehl, D., Cuny, E., Rougier, A., Bioulac, B., Tignol, J., & Burbaud, P. (2004) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.02.004 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Ursu, S., Stenger, V. A., Shear, M. K., Jones, M. R., & Carter, C. S. (2003) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.24411 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Maltby, N., Tolin, D. F., Worhunsky, P., O'Keefe, T. M., & Kiehl, K. A. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.041 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Error-related brain activity in obsessive-compulsive undergraduates
Hajcak, G., & Simons, R. F. (2002) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00034-3 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Evaluating two-step PCA of ERP data with Geomin, Infomax, Oblimin, Promax, and Varimax rotations
Dien, J. (2009) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00885.x · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Neural Evidence for Enhanced Error Detection in Major Depressive Disorder
Chiu, P. H., & Deldin, P. J. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.4.608 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
ERP correlates of conscious error recognition: Aware and unaware errors in an antisaccade task
Endrass, T., Reuter, B., & Kathmann, N. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05785.x · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased error-related brain activity in generalized anxiety disorder
Weinberg, A., Olvet, D. M., & Hajcak, G. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.09.011 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Abnormally high degree connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Beucke, J. C., Sepulcre, J., Talukdar, T., Linnman, C., Zschenderlein, K., Endrass, T., Kaufmann, C., & Kathmann, N. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.173 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Self-citationDien, J., Beal, D. J., & Berg, P. (2005) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2004.11.025 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Jürgen Kayser, A., & Tenke, C. E. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00241-4 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Endrass, T., Klawohn, J., Schuster, F., & Kathmann, N. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.12.001 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Self-citationHajcak, G., Franklin, M. E., Foa, E. B., & Simons, R. F. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07010143 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Parallel systems of error processing in the brain
Yordanova, J., Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., & Kolev, V. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.040 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
A cybernetic model of obsessive-compulsive psychopathology
Pitman, R. K. (1987) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(87)90070-8 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Riesel, A., Endrass, T., Kaufmann, C., & Kathmann, N. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10030416 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citationStrukturiertes klinisches Interview für DSM-IV
Wittchen, H.-U. 1. (n.d.) · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Performance monitoring and error significance in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Endrass, T., Schuermann, B., Kaufmann, C., Spielberg, R., Kniesche, R., & Kathmann, N. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.02.002 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationVocat, R., Pourtois, G., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.006 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Weinberg, A., Klein, D. N., & Hajcak, G. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028270 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Discrepant target detection and action monitoring in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Johannes, S., Wieringa, B. M., Nager, W., Rada, D., Dengler, R., Emrich, H. M., Münte, T. F., & Dietrich, D. E. (2001) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(01)00117-2 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Error negativity on correct trials: a reexamination of available data
Vidal, F., Burle, B., Bonnet, M., Grapperon, J., & Hasbroucq, T. (2003) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(03)00097-8 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Roger, C., Bénar, C. G., Vidal, F., Hasbroucq, T., & Burle, B. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.005 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Stern, E. R., Welsh, R. C., Fitzgerald, K. D., Gehring, W. J., Lister, J. J., Himle, J. A., Abelson, J. L., & Taylor, S. F. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.048 · Cited by 135 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This is in line with findings of Stern et al. (2011), who found patients with OCD more strongly flustered and frustrated by errors.”
Error-Related Electrocortical Responses Are Enhanced in Children With Obsessive–Compulsive Behaviors
Santesso, D. L., Segalowitz, S. J., & Schmidt, L. A. (2006) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2903_3 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Xiao, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, M., Li, H., Tang, Y., Wang, Y., Fan, Q., & Fromson, J. A. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.11.022 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Error Awareness in a Saccade Countermanding Task
Endraß, T., Franke, C., & Kathmann, N. (2005) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803.19.4.275 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationTask-related dissociation in ERN amplitude as a function of obsessive-compulsive symptoms
Gründler, T. O. J., Cavanagh, J. F., Figueroa, C. M., Frank, M. J., & Allen, J. J. B. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.010 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Error-Related Brain Activity in Patients with Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder and in Healthy Controls
Ruchsow, M., Grön, G., Reuter, K., Spitzer, M., Hermle, L., & Kiefer, M. (2005) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803.19.4.298 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Anxiety not only increases, but also alters early error-monitoring functions
Aarts, K., & Pourtois, G. (2010) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.10.4.479 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Subjective uncertainty and limbic hyperactivation in obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Stern, E. R., Welsh, R. C., Gonzalez, R., Fitzgerald, K. D., Abelson, J. L., & Taylor, S. F. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22038 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Independent component analysis of erroneous and correct responses suggests online response control
Hoffmann, S. F., & Falkenstein, M. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20937 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Arbel, Y., & Donchin, E. (2009) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00857.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Ghisi, M., Chiri, L. R., Marchetti, I., Sanavio, E., & Sica, C. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.06.011 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Chronic medication does not affect hyperactive error responses in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Stern, E. R., Liu, Y., Gehring, W. J., Lister, J. J., Yin, G., Zhang, J., Fitzgerald, K. D., Himle, J. A., Abelson, J. L., & Taylor, S. F. (2010) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.00988.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Dien, J., Michelson, C. A., & Franklin, M. S. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.099 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Jürgen Kayser, A., & Tenke, C. E. (2005) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.03.020 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Endraß, T., Klawohn, J., Grützmann, R., Ischebeck, M., & Kathmann, N. (2012) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01365.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural Evidence for Enhanced Error Detection in Major Depressive Disorder
Chiu, P. H. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.164.4.608 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Temporospatial dissociation of Pe subcomponents for perceived and unperceived errors
Endraß, T., Klawohn, J., Preuss, J., & Kathmann, N. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00178 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationLarson, M. J., Fair, J. E., Good, D. A., & Baldwin, S. A. (2009) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00949.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Reduced thickness of anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Kühn, S., Kaufmann, C., Simón, D., Endraß, T., Gallinat, J., & Kathmann, N. (2012) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.09.001 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (Vol. 4th ed. Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bandelow, B., Baldwin, D., Abelli, M., Bolea-Alamanac, B., Bourin, M., Chamberlain, S. R., Cinosi, E., Davies, S., Domschke, K., Fineberg, N., et al. (2017) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2016.1190867 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
The erring brain: Error‐related negativity as an endophenotype for OCD—A review and meta‐analysis
Riesel, A. (2019) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13348 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationA trans-diagnostic perspective on obsessive-compulsive disorder
Gillan, C. M., Fineberg, N. A., & Robbins, T. W. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716002786 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Specificity of performance monitoring changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Endrass, T., & Ullsperger, M. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.024 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Riesel, A., Klawohn, J., Grützmann, R., Kaufmann, C., Heinzel, S., Bey, K., Lennertz, L., Wagner, M., & Kathmann, N. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719000199 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Benzina, N., Mallet, L., Burguière, E., N’Diaye, K., & Pelissolo, A. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0720-3 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Performance monitoring in obsessive–compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder.
Endraß, T., Riesel, A., Kathmann, N., & Buhlmann, U. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000012 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationPasion, R., & Barbosa, F. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.013 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Moser, J. S., Moran, T. P., Kneip, C., Schroder, H. S., & Larson, M. J. (2016) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12509 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Reduced P300 in depression: Evidence from a flanker task and impact on ERN, CRN, and Pe
Klawohn, J., Santopetro, N. J., Meyer, A. M., & Hajcak, G. (2020) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13520 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationPresupplementary Motor Area Contributes to Altered Error Monitoring in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Grützmann, R., Endraß, T., Kaufmann, C., Allen, E. A., Eichele, T., & Kathmann, N. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.010 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationSandre, A., Banica, I., Riesel, A., Flake, J. K., Klawohn, J., & Weinberg, A. (2020) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.016 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationModulation of hyperactive error signals in obsessive-compulsive disorder by dual-task demands
Klawohn, J., Endrass, T., Preuss, J., Riesel, A., & Kathmann, N. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000134 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationRiesel, A., Goldhahn, S., & Kathmann, N. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.029 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationBellato, A., Norman, L., Idrees, I., Ogawa, C. Y., Waitt, A., Zuccolo, P. F., Tye, C., Radua, J., Groom, M. J., & Shephard, E. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.018 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Michael, J. A., Wang, M., Kaur, M., Fitzgerald, P. B., Fitzgibbon, B. M., & Hoy, K. E. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.049 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Error-related brain activity dissociates hoarding disorder from obsessive-compulsive disorder
Mathews, C. A., Perez, V. B., Roach, B. J., Fekri, S. M., Vigil, O., Kupferman, E., & Mathalon, D. H. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715001889 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A dimensional investigation of error-related negativity (ERN) and self-reported psychiatric symptoms
Seow, T. X. F., Benoit, E., Dempsey, C., Jennings, M., Maxwell, A., McDonough, M., & Gillan, C. M. (2020) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.09.019 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Libório, M. P., Martinuci, O. D. S., Machado, A. M. C., Machado-Coelho, T. M., Laudares, S., & Bernardes, P. (2020) · GeoJournal · doi:10.1007/s10708-020-10322-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Conflict monitoring and adaptation as reflected by N2 amplitude in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Riesel, A., Klawohn, J., Kathmann, N., & Endrass, T. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716003597 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationKlawohn, J., Hajcak, G., Amir, N., Kathmann, N., & Riesel, A. (2020) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.07.005 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationDo sensorimotor perturbations to standing balance elicit an error‐related negativity?
Payne, A. M., Ting, L. H., & Hajcak, G. (2019) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13359 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
An EEG signal classification method based on sparse auto-encoders and support vector machine
Yan, B., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Gong, Y., Guan, L., & Yu, S. (2016) · IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC) · doi:10.1109/iccchina.2016.7636897 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Clayson, P. E., Mcdonald, J. B., Park, B., Holbrook, A., Baldwin, S. A., Riesel, A., & Larson, M. J. (2025) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14496 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationRiesel, A., Härpfer, K., Thoma, L., Kathmann, N., & Klawohn, J. (2023) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14164 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurocognitive Endophenotypes of OCD
Vaghi, M. M. S. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2020_197 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Performance monitoring in obsessive–compulsive undergraduates: Effects of task difficulty
Riesel, A., Richter, A., Kaufmann, C., Kathmann, N., & Endraß, T. (2015) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2015.05.002 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationEmotional interference under low versus high executive control
Grützmann, R., Riesel, A., Kaufmann, C., Kathmann, N., & Heinzel, S. (2019) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13380 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationRiesel, A., Härpfer, K., Kathmann, N., & Klawohn, J. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.08.004 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationLuo, Y., Chen, L., Li, H., Dong, Y., Zhou, X., Qiu, L., Zhang, L., Gao, Y., Zhu, C., Yu, F., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.585086 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Grützmann, R., Kaufmann, C., Wudarczyk, O. A., Balzus, L., Klawohn, J., Riesel, A., Bey, K., Wagner, M., Heinzel, S., & Kathmann, N. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.07.001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationBalzus, L., Klawohn, J., Elsner, B., Schmidt, S. H., Brandt, S. A., & Kathmann, N. (2022) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103113 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationSchroder, H. S., Glazer, J. E., Bennett, K. P., Moran, T. P., & Moser, J. S. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.03.013 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gloe, L. M., & Louis, C. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.779083 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Many studies of anxiety/OCD and the ERN use a version of the task that provides indicators of performance at block breaks (e.g., Riesel et al., 2011; Klawohn et al., 2014; Weinberg et al., 2015).”
MethodGrützmann, R., Kathmann, N., & Heinzel, S. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13961 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationElectrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive-compulsive and panic disorders
Thomas, S. J., Gonsalvez, C. J., & Johnstone, S. J. (2016) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.05.026 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Electroencephalographic Correlates of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
de Souza, A. M. F. L. P. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2020_200 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Grützmann, R., Kathmann, N., Gutmann, G., & Heinzel, S. (2021) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.01.011 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationHanna, G. L., Liu, Y., Rentschler, L. G., Hanna, B. S., Arnold, P. D., & Gehring, W. J. (2026) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01711-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Chen, Z., & Itier, R. J. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14645 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hanna, G., Liu, Y., Rentschler, L., Hanna, B., Arnold, P., & Gehring, W. (2024) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3943784/v1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Buzzell, G. A., Niu, Y., Machado, E., Dickinson, R., Moser, J. S., Morales, S., & Troller‐Renfree, S. V. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.08.27.609944 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wassouf, I., Vibert, N., Dampuré, J., Doolub, D., Harika-Germaneau, G., Langbour, N., & Jaafari, N. (2026) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/da/9694689
“…than in control participants (H3; [6, 7]), whereas the Pe/Pc amplitudes were expected to be lower than in controls (H4), as previous studies suggest that this component may be of lower amplitude in patients than in controls when participants do not receive feedback about their response [31, 32].”
InfluentialThe neurocognitive correlates of compulsivity
Seow, X. F. T. (2020) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)
Bellato, A., Norman, L. J., Idrees, I., Ogawa, C. Y., Waitt, A. E., Zuccolo, P. F., Tye, C., Raduà, J., Groom, M. J., & Shephard, E. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/t2kus
Golkhatmi, S. H. S., Dolatshahi, B., Nosratabadi, M., Shakiba, S., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1240493
- Authors
- Klawohn, J., Riesel, A., Grützmann, R., Kathmann, N., & Endrass, T.
- Affiliations
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Klawohn, Julia
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2014-01-28
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 983-995
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- OpenAlex
- W1972653561
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 5.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (EN 906/1–1)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- obsessive-compulsive disorder, performance monitoring, error-related negativity, event-related potentials, flanker task, error sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Contingent Negative Variation, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Photic Stimulation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Principal Component Analysis, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
