Neural indicators of emotion regulation via acceptance vs reappraisal in remitted major depressive disorder
Open accessAbstract
Mood disorders are characterized by impaired emotion regulation abilities, reflected in alterations in frontolimbic brain functioning during regulation. However, little is known about differences in brain function when comparing regulatory strategies. Reappraisal and emotional acceptance are effective in downregulating negative affect, and are components of effective depression psychotherapies. Investigating neural mechanisms of reappraisal vs emotional acceptance in remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) may yield novel mechanistic insights into depression risk and prevention. Thirty-seven individuals (18 rMDD, 19 controls) were assessed during a functional magnetic resonance imaging task requiring reappraisal, emotional acceptance or no explicit regulation while viewing sad images. Lower negative affect was reported following reappraisal than acceptance, and was lower following acceptance than no explicit regulation. In controls, the acceptance > reappraisal contrast revealed greater activation in left insular cortex and right prefrontal gyrus, and less activation in several other prefrontal regions. Compared with controls, the rMDD group had greater paracingulate and right midfrontal gyrus (BA 8) activation during reappraisal relative to acceptance. Compared with reappraisal, acceptance is associated with activation in regions linked to somatic and emotion awareness, although this activation is associated with less reduction in negative affect. Additionally, a history of MDD moderated these effects.
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A recent study directly comparing emotion acceptance and cognitive reappraisal in remitted depression patients found the largest peak activation during emotion acceptance was the dACC, consistent with this study, and less DLPFC and frontal pole recruitment than cognitive reappraisal.
“A recent study directly comparing emotion acceptance and cognitive reappraisal in a sample of remitted depression patients found the largest peak activation during emotion acceptance was the dACC, consistent with this study, and less DLPFC and frontal pole recruitment than cognitive reappraisal (Smoski et al., 2015).”
From Neural correlates of emotion acceptance<i>vs</i>worry or suppression in generalized anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Smoski et al., 2015
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese results converge with previously detected brain patterns in nonanxious healthy adults using the same autobiographical social situation emotion-regulation fMRI task in executive attention control during acceptance of sad images, and in perspective shifting and effortful attention during decentering from stressful events.
“These results converge with previously detected brain patterns in nonanxious healthy adults using the same autobiographical social situation emotion-regulation fMRI task 23 in executive attention control during acceptance of sad images, 36 and in perspective shifting and effortful attention during decentering from stressful events.37”
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- Authors
- Smoski, M. J., Keng, S.-L., Ji, J. L., Moore, T., Minkel, J., & Dichter, G. S.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-01-23
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1187-1194
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC4560938
- OpenAlex
- W2152853845
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 2.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH094781, K23MH087754, K23MH081285, MH081285)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, emotional acceptance, remitted depression, negative affect, insula, prefrontal cortex, paracingulate cortex, somatic awareness, emotional awareness, history of depression, depression prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Young Adult
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