Neural mechanisms of cognitive reappraisal of negative self-beliefs in social anxiety disorder.
Open accessAbstract
Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by distorted negative self-beliefs (NSBs) which are thought to enhance emotional reactivity, interfere with emotion regulation, and undermine social functioning. Cognitive reappraisal is a type of emotion regulation used to alter NSBs, with the goal of modulating emotional reactivity. Despite its relevance, little is known about the neural bases and temporal features of cognitive reappraisal in patients with SAD. Methods Twenty-seven patients with SAD and 27 healthy controls (HC) were trained to react and to implement cognitive reappraisal in order to down-regulate negative emotional reactivity to NSBs while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging and providing ratings of negative emotion experience. Results Behaviorally, compared with HC, patients with SAD reported greater negative emotion both while reacting to and reappraising NSBs. However, when cued, participants in both groups were able to use cognitive reappraisal to decrease emotion. Neurally, reacting to NSBs resulted in early amygdala response in both groups. Reappraising NSBs resulted in greater early cognitive control, language, and visual processing in HC, but greater late cognitive control, visceral, and visual processing in patients with SAD. Functional connectivity analysis during reappraisal identified more regulatory regions inversely related to left amygdala in HCs than in patients with SAD. Reappraisal-related brain regions that differentiated patients and controls were associated with negative emotion ratings and cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy. Conclusions Findings regarding cognitive reappraisal suggest neural timing, connectivity, and brain-behavioral associations specific to patients with SAD, and elucidate neural mechanisms that might serve as biomarkers of interventions for SAD.
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“…to social or emotional cues (Birbaumer et al., 1998; Cooney et al., 2006; Evans et al., 2008; Phan et al., 2006; Stein et al., 2002), the extent of which has been shown to correlate with symptom severity (Cooney et al., 2006; Goldin et al., 2009b; Phan et al., 2006; Shah and Angstadt, 2009).”
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- Authors
- Goldin, P. R., Manber-Ball, T., Werner, K., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Temple University (US)
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1091-1099
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2788040
- OpenAlex
- W2073584643
- Semantic Scholar
- 4dd91909ee96aeb1faf1c176a22e1c70d8bc061a
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 19.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH076074)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, cognitive reappraisal, negative self-beliefs, emotion regulation, amygdala, functional connectivity, cognitive control, negative emotions, neural timing, biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cognition Disorders, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Individuality, Interpersonal Relations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Phobic Disorders, Self Concept, Young Adult
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