Enzyme-free genetic copying of DNA and RNA sequences
Open accessAbstract
The copying of short DNA or RNA sequences in the absence of enzymes is a fascinating reaction that has been studied in the context of prebiotic chemistry. It involves the incorporation of nucleotides at the terminus of a primer and is directed by base pairing. The reaction occurs in aqueous medium and leads to phosphodiester formation after attack of a nucleophilic group of the primer. Two aspects of this reaction will be discussed in this review. One is the activation of the phosphate that drives what is otherwise an endergonic reaction. The other is the improved mechanistic understanding of enzyme-free primer extension that has led to a quantitative kinetic model predicting the yield of the reaction over the time course of an assay. For a successful modeling of the reaction, the strength of the template effect, the inhibitory effect of spent monomers, and the rate constants of the chemical steps have to be determined experimentally. While challenges remain for the high fidelity copying of long stretches of DNA or RNA, the available data suggest that enzyme-free primer extension is a more powerful reaction than previously thought.
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During template-directed non-enzymatic RNA polymerization in solution using activated nucleotide monomers, hydrolyzed, deactivated monomers accumulate over time, and these hinder template-directed polymerization by competitively occupying the complementary sites on the template strand.
“As a hypothetical example, during template-directed non-enzymatic RNA polymerization in solution using activated nucleotide monomers [72,73], hydrolyzed, deactivated monomers accumulate over time, and these hinder template-directed polymerization by competitively occupying the complementary sites on the template strand [72].”
From Polyesters as a Model System for Building Primitive Biologies from Non-Biological Prebiotic Chemistry (2020) · cites this paper as [73]
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- Authors
- Sosson, M., & Richert, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Stuttgart (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Richert, Clemens
- ORCID
- Richert, Clemens
- Venue
- Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry
- Publisher
- Beilstein Institut
- Published
- 2018-03-12
- Volume
- 14
- Pages
- 603-617
- ISSN
- 1860-5397 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5870163
- OpenAlex
- W2792315239
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- prebiotic chemistry, nucleotide incorporation, base pairing, phosphate activation, reaction kinetics, kinetic modeling, template effect, nucleic acid synthesis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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