Blowing in the Milky Way Wind: Neutral Hydrogen Clouds Tracing the Galactic Nuclear Outflow
Open accessAbstract
We present the results of a new sensitive survey of neutral hydrogen above and below the Galactic Center with the Green Bank Telescope. The observations extend up to Galactic latitude with an effective angular resolution of 9.′5 and an average rms brightness temperature noise of 40 mK in a 1 channel. The survey reveals the existence of a population of anomalous high-velocity clouds extending up to heights of about 1.5 kpc from the Galactic plane and showing no signature of Galactic rotation. These clouds have local standard of rest velocities , and assuming a Galactic Center origin, they have sizes of a few tens of parsec and neutral hydrogen masses spanning . Accounting for selection effects, the cloud population is symmetric in longitude, latitude, and V LSR . We model the cloud kinematics in terms of an outflow expanding from the Galactic Center and find the population consistent with being material moving with radial velocity distributed throughout a bicone with opening angle . This simple model implies an outflow luminosity erg s −1 over the past 10 Myr, consistent with star formation feedback in the inner region of the Milky Way, with a cold gas mass-loss rate . These clouds may represent the cold gas component accelerated in the nuclear wind driven by our Galaxy, although some of the derived properties challenge current theoretical models of the entrainment process.
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“Figure 8 shows that all absorption lines observed by both Fox et al. (2015) and Savage et al. (2017) fit well into our wind model with Vw = 330 km s −1 (bottom panels), while lower velocity winds fail in reproducing these features (e.g., top panels).”
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Cool outflows in galaxies and their implications
Veilleux, S., Maiolino, R., Bolatto, A., & Aalto, S. (2020) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-019-0121-9 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
How cold gas continuously entrains mass and momentum from a hot wind
Gronke, M. B., & Oh, S. P. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3332 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Inflation of 430-parsec bipolar radio bubbles in the Galactic Centre by an energetic event
Heywood, I., Camilo, F., Cotton, W. D., Yusef-Zadeh, F., Abbott, T. D., Adam, R. M., Aldera, M. A., Bauermeister, E. F., Booth, R. S., Botha, A. G., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1532-5 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
The 1.28 GHz MeerKAT Galactic Center Mosaic
Heywood, I., Rammala, I., Camilo, F., Cotton, W. D., Yusef-Zadeh, F., Abbott, T. D., Adam, R. M., Adams, G., Aldera, M. A., Asad, K. M. B., et al. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac449a · Cited by 136 · see citing works
A Review of Recent Observations of Galactic Winds Driven by Star Formation
Rupke, D. (2018) · Galaxies · doi:10.3390/galaxies6040138 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Revival of the Dark Matter Hypothesis for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
Leane, R. K., & Slatyer, T. R. (2019) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.123.241101 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Cosmic ray feedback in galaxies and galaxy clusters
Ruszkowski, M., & Pfrommer, C. (2023) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-023-00149-2 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Simulations of the Milky Way’s central molecular zone – I. Gas dynamics
Treß, R. G., Sormani, M. C., Glover, S. C. O., Klessen, R. S., Battersby, C., Clark, P. C., Hatchfield, H. P., & Smith, R. J. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3120 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Sormani, M. C., & Barnes, A. T. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz046 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Pillepich, A., Nelson, D., Truong, N., Weinberger, R., Martin-Navarro, I., Springel, V., Faber, S. M., & Hernquist, L. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2779 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The life cycle of the Central Molecular Zone – I. Inflow, star formation, and winds
Armillotta, L., Krumholz, M. R., Di Teodoro, E. M., & McClure-Griffiths, N. M. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2880 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationFermi and eROSITA bubbles as relics of the past activity of the Galaxy’s central black hole
Yang, H.-Y. K., Ruszkowski, M., & Zweibel, E. G. (2022) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01618-x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Gas-rich dwarf galaxies as a new probe of dark matter interactions with ordinary matter
Wadekar, D. S., & Farrar, G. R. (2021) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.103.123028 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Large-scale Ionization Cones in the Galaxy
Bland-Hawthorn, J., Maloney, P., Sutherland, R., Groves, B., Guglielmo, M., Li, W., Curzons, A., Cecil, G., & Fox, A. (2019) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab44c8 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Bhoonah, A., Bramante, J., Elahi, F., & Schon, S. (2019) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.100.023001 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
HALOGAS: the properties of extraplanar HI in disc galaxies
Marasco, A., Fraternali, F., Heald, G., de Blok, W. J. G., Oosterloo, T., Kamphuis, P., Józsa, G. I. G., Vargas, C. J., Winkel, B., Walterbos, R. A. M., et al. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936338 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Ramesh, R., Nelson, D., & Pillepich, A. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3524 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Cold gas in the Milky Way’s nuclear wind
Di Teodoro, E. M., McClure-Griffiths, N. M., Lockman, F. J., & Armillotta, L. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2595-z · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationCalorimetric Dark Matter Detection with Galactic Center Gas Clouds
Bhoonah, A., Bramante, J., Elahi, F., & Schon, S. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.131101 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The survival of multiphase dusty clouds in hot winds
Farber, R. J., & Gronke, M. B. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3412 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
HALOGAS: the properties of extraplanar HI in disc galaxies
Marasco, A., Fraternali, F., Heald, G. H., de Blok, W. J. G., Oosterloo, T. A., Kamphuis, P., Józsa, G. I. G., Vargas, C. J., Winkel, B., Walterbos, R. A. M., et al. (2019) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936338/pdf · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Galactic center chimneys: the base of the multiphase outflow of the Milky Way
Ponti, G., Morris, M. R., Churazov, E., Heywood, I., & Fender, R. P. (2021) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039636 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Banda-Barragán, W., Brüggen, M., Heesen, V., Scannapieco, E., Cottle, J., Federrath, C., & Wagner, A. (2020) · Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1884 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Marasco, A., Fraternali, F., Lehner, N., & Howk, J. C. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1172 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Observation of Acceleration of H i Clouds within the Fermi Bubbles
Lockman, F., di Teodoro, E. D., & McClure-Griffiths, N. (2019) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab55d8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Galactic center chimneys: the base of the multiphase outflow of the Milky Way
Ponti, G., Morris, M., Churazov, E., Heywood, I., & Fender, R. P. (2021) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039636/pdf · Cited by 40 · see citing works
No room to hide: implications of cosmic-ray upscattering for GeV-scale dark matter
Alvey, J., Bringmann, T., & Kolešová, H. (2023) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep01(2023)123 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way
Sarkar, K. C. (2024) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-024-00152-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“– High velocity atomic and molecular clouds at ∼ kpc scale, with v los ∼ ± 200 km s − 1 (Di Teodoro et al. 2018).”
Mapping Outflowing Gas in the Fermi Bubbles: A UV Absorption Survey of the Galactic Nuclear Wind*
Ashley, T., Fox, A. J., Jenkins, E. B., Wakker, B. P., Bordoloi, R., Lockman, F. J., Savage, B. D., & Karim, T. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9ff8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationBanda-Barragán, W. E., Brüggen, M., Federrath, C., Wagner, A. Y., Scannapieco, E. S., & Cottle, J. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2904 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The in situ formation of molecular and warm ionized gas triggered by hot galactic outflows
Girichidis, P., Naab, T., Walch, S., & Berlok, T. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1203 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Probing the Southern Fermi Bubble in Ultraviolet Absorption Using Distant AGNs
Karim, M. T., Fox, A. J., Jenkins, E. B., Bordoloi, R., Wakker, B. P., Savage, B. D., Lockman, F. J., Crawford, S. M., Jorgenson, R. A., & Bland-Hawthorn, J. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac167 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“McClure-Griffiths et al. (2013) studied the −5° l +5° and −5° b +5° region using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) H I Galactic Center Survey (see Di Teodoro et al. 2018, for a recent update).”
MethodSelf-citationBetter together: the complex interplay between radiative cooling and magnetic draping
Hidalgo-Pineda, F., Farber, R. J., & Gronke, M. B. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3069 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Mass, morphing, metallicities: the evolution of infalling high velocity clouds
Heitsch, F., Marchal, A., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Shull, J. M., & Fox, A. J. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3266 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Molecular Gas within the Milky Way's Nuclear Wind
Cashman, F. H., Fox, A. J., Savage, B. D., Wakker, B. P., Krishnarao, D., Benjamin, R. A., Richter, P., Ashley, T., Jenkins, E. B., Lockman, F. J., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac3cbc · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, M., Li, Z., & Morris, M. R. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abf927 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Direct observations of the atomic-molecular phase transition in the Milky Way’s nuclear wind
Noon, K. A., Krumholz, M. R., Teodoro, E. M. D., McClure‐Griffiths, N. M., Lockman, F. J., & Armillotta, L. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1890 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, Q. (2020) · Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab801 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Asymmetric eROSITA bubbles as the evidence of a circumgalactic medium wind
Mou, G., Sun, D., Fang, T., Wang, W., Zhang, R., Yuan, F., Sofue, Y., Wang, T., & He, Z. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36478-0 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Comment on “Calorimetric Dark Matter Detection with Galactic Center Gas Clouds”
Farrar, G. R., Lockman, F. J., McClure‐Griffiths, N. M., & Wadekar, D. S. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.029001 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationDiscovery of High-velocity Hα Emission in the Direction of the Fermi Bubble
Krishnarao, D., Benjamin, R. A., & Haffner, L. M. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aba8f0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Alispach, C. M., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., et al. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab7af9 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A CO funnel in the Galactic centre: Molecular counterpart of the northern Galactic chimney
Veena, V. S., Riquelme, D., Kim, W.-J., Menten, K. M., Schilke, P., Sormani, M. C., Banda-Barragán, W. E., Wyrowski, F., Fuller, G. A., & Cheema, A. (2023) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346702 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Di Teodoro et al. (2018) discovered a population of anomalous high-velocity HI clouds (VLSR ≤ 360 km s−1) extending to heights of 1.5 kpc (2.5◦ < | b | < 10◦) from the Galactic plane, whose velocities deviate from purely circular Galactic rotation.”
BackgroundInfluentialEvidence of a Cloud–Cloud Collision from Overshooting Gas in the Galactic Center
Gramze, S. R., Ginsburg, A. G., Meier, D. S., Ott, J., Shirley, Y. L., Sormani, M. C., & Svoboda, B. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad01be · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Caught in the Act: A Metal-rich High-velocity Cloud in the Inner Galaxy
Cashman, F. H., Fox, A. J., Wakker, B. P., Ashley, T., Massa, D. L., Jenkins, E. B., Krishnarao, D., Benjamin, R. A., Bordoloi, R., & Kim, T. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acaaa5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Do nuclear rings in barred galaxies form at the shear minimum of the rotation curve?
Sormani, M. C., & Li, Z. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1139 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Diverse metallicities of Fermi bubble clouds indicate dual origins in the disk and halo
Ashley, T., Fox, A. J., Cashman, F. H., Lockman, F. J., Bordoloi, R., Jenkins, E. B., Wakker, B. P., & Karim, T. (2022) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01720-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationPingel, N. M., Pisano, D. J., Ruzindana, M., Burnett, M., Rajwade, K. M., Black, R., Jeffs, B., Warnick, K. F., Lorimer, D. R., Roshi, D. A., et al. (2021) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abdec2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Revealing Gas Inflows Toward the Galactic Central Molecular Zone
Su, Y., Zhang, S., Sun, Y., Yang, J., YAN, Q.-Z., Zhang, S., Chen, Z., Chen, X., Zhou, X., & Yuan, L. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad656d · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Falcão, A. T., Kraemer, S. B., Fischer, T. C., Crenshaw, D. M., Revalski, M., Schmitt, H. R., Maksym, W. P., Vestergaard, M., Elvis, M., Gaskell, C. M., et al. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1549 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
CO Emission Delineating the Interface between the Milky Way Nuclear Wind Cavity and the Gaseous Disk
Su, Y., Zhang, S.-Y., Yang, J., Yan, Q.-Z., Sun, Y., Wang, H.-C., Zhang, S.-B., Chen, X.-P., Chen, Z., Zhou, X., et al. (2022) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac63b3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Turbulence statistics of H i clouds entrained in the Milky Way’s nuclear wind
Gerrard, I. A., Noon, K. A., Federrath, C., Teodoro, E. M. D., Marchal, A., & McClure‐Griffiths, N. M. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1144 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationCold molecular gas in the hot nuclear wind of the Milky Way
Heyer, M. H., Teodoro, E. M. D., Loinard, L., Lockman, F. J., McClure‐Griffiths, N. M., & Wang, Q. D. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452875 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationWhen are galactic winds molecular?
Vijayan, A., & Krumholz, M. R. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1679 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hydrodynamic shielding in radiative multicloud outflows within multiphase galactic winds
Villares, A. S., Banda-Barragán, W. E., & Rojas, C. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2392 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Inverse Compton emission from heavy WIMP annihilations in the Galactic Centre
Djuvsland, J. I., Hinton, J. A., & Reville, B. (2022) · Physics of the Dark Universe · doi:10.1016/j.dark.2022.101157 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Not gone with the wind: survival of high-velocity molecular clouds in the galactic centre
Zhang, M., & Li, M. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3408 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Starburst Acceleration of High-velocity Clouds in the Galactic Center
Zhang, M.-F., Li, M., & Zhu, P.-X. (2025) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adb619
Antipov, A., Banda-Barragán, W. E., Birnboim, Y., Federrath, C., Gnat, O., & Brüggen, M. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf949 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Unveiling the Origin of the Fermi/eRosita Bubbles
Yang, H.-Y. K., Ruszkowski, M., & Zweibel, E. G. (2023) · European Cosmic Ray Symposium (ECRS) · doi:10.22323/1.423.0023 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Deep learning models of the discrete component of the Galactic interstellar γ -ray emission
Shmakov, A., Tavakoli, M., Baldi, P., Karwin, C. M., Broughton, A., & Murgia, S. (2023) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.107.063018 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A New High-latitude H i Cloud Complex Entrained in the Northern Fermi Bubble
Bordoloi, R., Fox, A. J., & Lockman, F. J. (2025) · Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/addd16 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationMixing between AGN winds and ISM clouds produces luminous X-ray emission
Ward, S. R., Costa, T., Harrison, C. M., & Mainieri, V. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf2065 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Modeling the Milky Way wind: Supernova-driven outflows accelerate HI clouds near the Galactic center
Afruni, A., Teodoro, E. M. D., Armillotta, L., Lynn, C., & McClure‐Griffiths, N. M. (2026) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202556813 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Signature of the Northern Galactic Center Region in Low-velocity UV Absorption
Soto, C., Ashley, T., Fox, A., & Bordoloi, R. (2023) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace597 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The imprint of magnetic fields on absorption spectra from circumgalactic wind-cloud systems
Casavecchia, B., Banda-Barragán, W. E., Brüggen, M., Brighenti, F., & Scannapieco, E. S. (2024) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449461 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Near-infrared Search for Molecular Gas in the Fermi Bubbles
Fox, A. J., Kumari, N., Ashley, T., Cazzoli, S., & Bordoloi, R. (2021) · Research Notes of the AAS · doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac205d · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kleimann, J., Fichtner, H., Stein, M., Dettmar, R. ‐., Bomans, D. J., & Oughton, S. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202553873 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Metallicity Mapping of the Ionized Diffuse Gas at the Milky Way Disk–Halo Interface
Choi, B.-E., Werk, J. K., Tchernyshyov, K., Prochaska, J. X., Zheng, Y., Putman, M. E., Fielding, D. B., & Strader, J. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad84f8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Morris, M. (2020) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-020-1176-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Diffuse Hot Plasma in the Interstellar Medium and Galactic Outflows
Sasaki, M., Ponti, G., & Mackey, J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-4544-0_91-1
Diffuse Hot Plasma in the Interstellar Medium and Galactic Outflows
Sasaki, M., Ponti, G., & Mackey, J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-6960-7_91
Fermi/eROSITA bubbles as relics of the past activity of the galaxy’s central black hole
Yang, H.-Y. K. (2024) · International Journal of Modern Physics D · doi:10.1142/s0218271825400048
Zhu, P.-X., Li, M., & Zhang, M. (2025) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/ae0228
How Is Cold Gas Loaded into Galactic Nuclear Outflows?
Su, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, S., Yang, J., Sun, Y., Zhang, S., Du, F., Zhou, X., YAN, Q.-Z., & Chen, X. (2026) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae2ea1
A refined model of secondary photon emission from heavy WIMP annihilations in the Galactic Centre
Shinde, R., Djuvsland, J. I., Depaoli, D., & Hinton, J. A. (2026) · Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2026.103204
Modelling the non-equilibrium chemistry of the Milky Way’s cold nuclear wind
Noon, K. A., Krumholz, M. R., McClure‐Griffiths, N. M., Teodoro, E. M. D., & Armillotta, L. (2026) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stag715
Self-citationSimulating winds in the Galactic centre
Peschken, N., Teodoro, E. M. D., Hanasz, M., Armillotta, L., Tress, R., Naab, T., Wóltański, D., & Gawryszczak, A. (2026) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202659639
- Authors
- Di Teodoro, E. M., McClure-Griffiths, N. M., Lockman, F. J., Denbo, S. R., Endsley, R., Ford, H. A., & Harrington, K.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2018-03-01
- Volume
- 855
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2786236033
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 4.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Keywords
- high-velocity clouds, neutral hydrogen clouds, Galactic Center, stellar feedback, entrainment
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