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Lifestyle determinants of the drive to eat: a meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background Obesity is emerging as the most significant health concern of the 21st century. Although this is attributable in part to changes in our environment-including the increased prevalence of energy-dense food-it also appears that several lifestyle factors may increase our vulnerability to this calorie-rich landscape. Epidemiologic studies have begun to show links between adiposity and behaviors such as television watching, alcohol intake, and sleep deprivation. However, these studies leave unclear the direction of this association. In addition, studies that investigated the acute impact of these factors on food intake have reported a wide variety of effect sizes, from highly positive to slightly negative.Objective The purpose of this article was to provide a meta-analysis of the relation between lifestyle choices and increases in acute food intake.Design An initial search was performed on PubMed to collect articles relating television watching, sleep deprivation, and alcohol consumption to food intake. Only articles published before February 2012 were considered. Studies that took place in a controlled, laboratory setting with healthy individuals were included. Studies were analyzed by using 3 meta-analyses with random-effects models. In addition, a 1-factor ANOVA was run to discover any main effect of lifestyle.Results The 3 most prominent lifestyle factors-television watching, alcohol intake, and sleep deprivation-had significant short-term effects on food intake, with alcohol being more significant (Cohen's d = 1.03) than sleep deprivation (Cohen's d = 0.49) and television watching (Cohen's d = 0.2).Conclusions Our results suggest that television watching, alcohol intake, and sleep deprivation are not merely correlated with obesity but likely contribute to it by encouraging excessive eating. Because these behaviors are all known to affect cognitive functions involved in reward saliency and inhibitory control, it may be that they represent common mechanisms through which this eating is facilitated.
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“Thus, habitual sleep loss could result in significant weight gain and one pathway though which this could happen is increasing energy intake.”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [176]
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“Recently, a meta-analysis compared the effect of alcohol, sleep deprivation and TV watching on food intake using 23 controlled, laboratory studies in healthy participants and found that the effect was greatest for alcohol (Cohen’s d = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.4; P , 0.001) followed by sleep deprivation (Cohen’s d = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.88; P , 0.05) [176].”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [176]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chapman, C. D., Benedict, C., Brooks, S. J., & Birgir Schiöth, H.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Chapman, Colin Daniel
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 492-497
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3417212
- OpenAlex
- W2115517581
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Brain Research Foundation
- Novo Nordisk
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- television viewing, alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, obesity, lifestyle factors, energy-dense foods, inhibitory control, overeating
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Appetite Regulation, Energy Intake, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Life Style, Models, Biological, Obesity, Sleep Deprivation, Television, Sedentary Behavior
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