The association between sleep duration and weight gain in adults: A 6-year prospective study from the Quebec Family Study
Open accessAbstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between sleep duration and subsequent body weight and fat gain. DESIGN: Six-year longitudinal study. SETTING: Community setting. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred seventy-six adults aged 21 to 64 years from the Quebec Family Study. More than half of the sample is drawn from families with at least 1 parent and 1 offspring with a body mass index of 32 kg/m2 or higher. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Body composition measurements and self-reported sleep duration were determined. Changes in adiposity indices were compared between short- (5-6 hours), average- (7-8 hours), and long- (9-10 hours) duration sleeper groups. After adjustment for age, sex, and baseline body mass index, short-duration sleepers gained 1.98 kg (95% confidence interval: 1.16-2.82) more and long-duration sleepers gained 1.58 kg (95% CI: 1.02-2.56) more than did average-duration sleepers over 6 years. Short- and long-duration sleepers were 35% and 25% more likely to experience a 5-kg weight gain, respectively, as compared with average-duration sleepers over 6 years. The risk of developing obesity was elevated for short- and long-duration sleepers as compared with average-duration sleepers, with 27% and 21% increases in risk, respectively. These associations remained significant after inclusion of important covariates and were not affected by adjustment for energy intake and physical activity participation. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that both short and long sleeping times predict an increased risk of future body weight and fat gain in adults. Hence, these results emphasize the need to add sleep duration to the panel of determinants that contribute to weight gain and obesity.
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Meta-analyses indicate that improving sleep duration and quality reduces obesity risk and supports long-term weight maintenance.
“Meta-analyses indicate that improving sleep duration and quality reduces obesity risk and supports long-term weight maintenance [109].”
From Obesity: Clinical Impact, Pathophysiology, Complications, and Modern Innovations in Therapeutic Strategies (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
The Abstract reports that, in this six-year observational study, adults with short or long sleep duration had greater weight gain and obesity risk than average-duration sleepers. It does not report a meta-analysis or show that improving sleep duration or quality reduces obesity risk or supports long-term weight maintenance. Sleep quality is mentioned only as a possible explanation for self-reported long sleep time. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the Québec Family Study, over 6 years, habitual short sleepers were more likely to gain weight and have increased waist circumference and percent body fat compared with normal-duration sleepers, with a U-shaped relationship for long sleepers.
“These findings were replicated and extended with data from the Québec Family Study showing that over the course of 6 years, habitual short sleepers were more likely to gain weight and to have increased waist circumference and percent body fat compared with normal-duration sleepers. Notably, there was a U-shaped relationship in which a similar pattern was seen for habitual long sleepers.”
From Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016) · cites this paper as [45]
In a 6-year longitudinal study of 276 adults, short sleepers (5-6 h/night) gained 1.98 kg more and long sleepers (9-10 h/night) gained 1.58 kg more weight than reference (7-8 h/night) over 6 years.
“Short sleepers gained 1.98 kg more and long sleepers gained 1.58 kg more weight than reference over 6 years of followup.”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [86]
In studies where the association is present, the size of this effect is rather modest, with ~2 kg greater weight gain noted across a 6-year period in Canadian adults and 0.7-1.14 kg greater weight gain across a 16-year period noted in those with short sleep (≤5-6 h/night) in the Nurses' Health Study.
“Furthermore, in studies where the association is present, the size of this effect is rather modest, with ~2 kg greater weight gain noted across a 6-year period in Canadian adults 86 and 0.7-1.14kg greater weight gain across a 16-year period noted in those with short sleep (≤5-6 h/night) in the Nurses' Health Study.92”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [86]
Several longitudinal studies demonstrate that short sleep duration is associated with increased weight gain over time.
“several other studies have longitudinally examined this relationship, demonstrating that short sleep duration is associated with increased weight gain over time.42–46”
From Sleep, Health, and Society (2017) · cites this paper as [44]
Short sleepers (fewer than five to six hours) gained 2 kg more in a 6-year study and 0.4 kg more in a 16-year study.
“Short sleepers (fewer than five to six hours) gained 2 kg more in a 6-year study,19 and 0.4 kg more in another 16-year study.18”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [19]
Short sleepers experience greater weight increases over time according to most, but not all, prospective observational studies.
“Short sleepers experience greater weight increases over time according to most,4,18–22 but not all studies.17,23,24”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [19]
A U-shaped association between sleep duration and BMI has been reported in other studies.
“A similar U-shaped association has been reported in other studies.19,25”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [19]
Subjects had a 35% greater chance of gaining more than 5 kg in 6 years and a 31% greater chance of gaining more than 15 kg in 16 years.
“In addition, subjects had a 35% and 31% greater chance of gaining more than 5 kg in 6 years, and gaining more than 15 kg in 16 years, respectively.18,19”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Chaput, J.-P., Després, J.-P., Bouchard, C., & Tremblay, A.
- Affiliations
- Université Laval (CA)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tremblay, Angelo
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 517-523
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC2279744
- OpenAlex
- W2113211629
- Cited by
- 390
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 35.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Abbott Laboratories
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- Dairy Management
- Université Laval
- Dairy Farmers of Canada
- Pfizer Canada
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep duration, weight gain, obesity risk, fat gain, body composition, short sleepers, long sleepers, adults, Quebec Family Study
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Prospective Studies, Sleep, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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