The association of fast food consumption with poor dietary outcomes and obesity among children: is it the fast food or the remainder of the diet?
Open accessAbstract
Background Although fast food consumption has been linked to adverse health outcomes, the relative contribution of fast food itself compared with the rest of the diet to these associations remains unclear.Objective Our objective was to compare the independent associations with overweight/obesity or dietary outcomes for fast food consumption compared with dietary pattern for the remainder of intake.Design This cross-sectional analysis studied 4466 US children aged 2-18 y from NHANES 2007-2010. Cluster analysis identified 2 dietary patterns for the non-fast food remainder of intake: Western (50.3%) and Prudent. Multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression models examined the association between fast food consumption and dietary pattern for the remainder of intake and estimated their independent associations with overweight/obesity and dietary outcomes.Results Half of US children consumed fast food: 39.5% low-consumers (≤30% of energy from fast food) and 10.5% high-consumers (>30% of energy). Consuming a Western dietary pattern for the remainder of intake was more likely among fast food low-consumers (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.85) and high-consumers (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.60, 3.05) than among nonconsumers. The remainder of diet was independently associated with overweight/obesity (β: 5.9; 95% CI: 1.3, 10.5), whereas fast food consumption was not, and the remainder of diet had stronger associations with poor total intake than did fast food consumption.Conclusions Outside the fast food restaurant, fast food consumers ate Western diets, which might have stronger associations with overweight/obesity and poor dietary outcomes than fast food consumption itself. Our findings support the need for prospective studies and randomized trials to confirm these hypotheses.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A recent analysis of NHANES 2007-2010 showed that half of US children, ages 2-18 years, consumed fast-food and 10.5% were high consumers, with more than 30% of their daily calories coming from fast-food restaurants.
“A recent analysis of NHANES 2007–2010 showed that half of US children, ages 2–18 years, consumed fast-food and 10.5 % were high consumers, with more than 30 % of their daily calories coming from fast-food restaurants [5].”
From Comparison of the nutrient content of children’s menu items at US restaurant chains, 2010–2014 (2015) · cites this paper as [5]
The overall proportion of highly processed food in diets has grown.
“and the overall proportion of highly processed food in diets has grown (50,51).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [51]
Cites
Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010.
Ogden, C., Carroll, M., Kit, B., & Flegal, K. (2012) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.40 · Cited by 4,128 · see citing works
Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men
Mozaffarian, D., Hao, T., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1014296 · Cited by 2,527 · see citing works
Pereira, M. A., Kartashov, A. I., Ebbeling, C. B., Van Horn, L., Slattery, M. L., Jacobs, D. R., & Ludwig, D. S. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17663-0 · Cited by 1,348 · see citing works
Overweight Children and Adolescents: Description, Epidemiology, and Demographics
Troiano, R. P., & Flegal, K. M. (1998) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.101.s2.497 · Cited by 1,342 · see citing works
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(2008) · Encyclopedia of Epidemiology · doi:10.4135/9781412953948.n305 · Cited by 1,341 · see citing works
Bowman, S., Gortmaker, S. L., Ebbeling, C. B., Pereira, M. A., & Ludwig, D. S. (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.113.1.112 · Cited by 1,165 · see citing works
Guthrie, J. F., Lin, B.-H., & Frazao, E. (2002) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1499-4046(06)60083-3 · Cited by 973 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Model 2 (including fast food and dietary pattern) 21 (28, 6) –12 (220, 25) –39 (246, 232)*** Vegetables(7)”
BackgroundIssues in dietary intake assessment of children and adolescents
Livingstone, M. B. E., Robson, P. J., & Wallace, J. M. W. (2004) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041169 · Cited by 884 · see citing works
Structure of Dietary Measurement Error: Results of the OPEN Biomarker Study
Kipnis, V. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg091 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
The USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method Accurately Estimates Group Total Energy and Nutrient Intake
Blanton, C. A., Moshfegh, A. J., Baer, D. J., & Kretsch, M. J. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.10.2594 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Fast-food consumption among US adults and children: Dietary and nutrient intake profile
Paeratakul, S., Ferdinand, D. P., Champagne, C. M., Ryan, D. H., & Bray, G. A. (2003) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(03)01086-1 · Cited by 761 · see citing works
Measurement of dietary intake in children
Livingstone, M. B. E., & Robson, P. J. (2000) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665100000318 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
French, S. A., Story, M. T., Neumark‐Sztainer, D., Fulkerson, J. A., & Hannan, P. J. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801820 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Rosenheck, R. (2008) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2008.00477.x · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Burrows, T. L., Martin, R. J., & Collins, C. E. (2010) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.008 · Cited by 681 · see citing works
Tooze, J. A., Midthune, D., Dodd, K. W., Freedman, L. S., Krebs‐Smith, S. M., Subar, A. F., Guenther, P. M., Carroll, R. J., & Kipnis, V. (2006) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.07.003 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
SECULAR TRENDS IN DIETARY INTAKE IN THE UNITED STATES
Briefel, R. R., & Johnson, C. L. (2004) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073349 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Trends in Energy Intake in U.S. between 1977 and 1996: Similar Shifts Seen across Age Groups
Nielsen, S. J., Siega‐Riz, A. M., & Popkin, B. M. (2002) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2002.51 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
Self-citationNiemeier, H. M., Raynor, H. A., Lloyd‐Richardson, E. E., Rogers, M. L., & Wing, R. R. (2006) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.07.001 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Changes in terminology for childhood overweight and obesity.
Ogden, C. L., & Flegal, K. M. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Duffey, K. J., Gordon‐Larsen, P., Jacobs, D. R., Williams, O. D., & Popkin, B. M. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.1.201 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Self-citationDietary Compensation by Humans for Supplemental Energy Provided as Ethanol or Carbohydrate in Fluids
Mattes, R. D. (1996) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02007-1 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Retail grocery store marketing strategies and obesity: an integrative review.
Glanz, K., Bader, M., & Iyer, S. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.01.013 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Trends in Energy Intake among US Children by Eating Location and Food Source, 1977-2006
Poti, J. M., & Popkin, B. M. (2011) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.007 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Self-citationPowell, L. M., & Nguyen, B. T. (2013) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.417 · Cited by 346 · cited 2× · see citing works
“was associated with higher total energy intake and lower dietary quality (16, 20, 21, 29).”
BackgroundResultFlegal, K. M., Ogden, C. L., Wei, R. X., Kuczmarski, R. J., & Johnson, C. L. (2001) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/73.6.1086 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Effects of food form on appetite and energy intake in lean and obese young adults
Mourão, D. M., Bressan, J., Campbell, W. W., & Mattes, R. D. (2007) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803667 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Association between eating out of home and body weight
Bezerra, I. N., Curioni, C. C., & Sichieri, R. (2012) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00459.x · Cited by 273 · see citing works
USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS), 5.0
Bodner‐Montville, J., Ahuja, J. K. C., Martin, C., Heendeniya, K. Y., Omolewa-Tomobi, G., Steinfeldt, L. C., Anand, J., Adler, M. E., LaComb, R., & Moshfegh, A. J. (2013) · Procedia Food Science · doi:10.1016/j.profoo.2013.04.016 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Compensation for Energy Intake From Fast Food Among Overweight and Lean Adolescents
Ebbeling, C. B. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.23.2828 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Food purchased away from home as a predictor of change in BMI z-score among girls
Thompson, O. M., Ballew, C., Resnicow, K., Must, A., Bandini, L. G., Cyr, H., & Dietz, W. H. (2003) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802538 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
BLACK, A. E., & COLE, T. J. (2001) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00018-9 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Sugar-sweetened beverages and BMI in children and adolescents: reanalyses of a meta-analysis
Malik, V., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26980 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Child and adolescent fast-food choice and the influence of calorie labeling: a natural experiment
Elbel, B. D., Gyamfi, J., & Kersh, R. (2011) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.4 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Measures of the Consumer Food Store Environment: A Systematic Review of the Evidence 2000–2011
Gustafson, A., Hankins, S., & Jilcott, S. B. (2011) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9524-x · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Fogelholm, M., Anderssen, S. A., Gunnarsdóttir, I., & Lahti‐Koski, M. (2012) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.3402/fnr.v56i0.19103 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Fast-Food Intake and Diet Quality in Black and White Girls
Schmidt, M., Affenito, S. G., Striegel‐Moore, R. H., Khoury, P. R., BARTON, B. A., Crawford, P. B., Kronsberg, S. S., Schreiber, G. B., Obarzanek, E., & Daniels, S. R. (2005) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.159.7.626 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Separating what we eat from where: Measuring the effect of food away from home on diet quality
Mancino, L., Todd, J. E., & Lin, B. (2009) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.09.003 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Duffey, K. J., Gordon‐Larsen, P., Steffen, L. M., Jacobs, D. R., & Popkin, B. M. (2009) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.109.109520 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationEnergy Intake from Restaurants
Powell, L. M., Nguyen, B. T., & Han, E. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.07.041 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Nutrition Menu Labeling May Lead to Lower-Calorie Restaurant Meal Choices for Children
Tandon, P. S., Wright, J. A., Zhou, C., Rogers, C. B., & Christakis, D. (2010) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1117 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
The Impact of Menu Labeling on Fast-Food Purchases for Children and Parents
Tandon, P. S., Zhou, C., Chan, N. L., Lozano, P., Couch, S. C., Glanz, K., Krieger, J. W., & Saelens, B. E. (2011) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.033 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Slining, M., & Popkin, B. (2013) · Pediatric obesity · doi:10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00156.x · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationPoti, J. M., Slining, M. M., & Popkin, B. M. (2013) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.08.012 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationAdults with Healthier Dietary Patterns Have Healthier Beverage Patterns,
Duffey, K. J., & Popkin, B. M. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.11.2901 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationRoodenburg, A. J. C., Popkin, B. M., & Seidell, J. C. (2011) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.101 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationLow Accuracy and Low Consistency of Fourth-Graders’ School Breakfast and School Lunch Recalls
Baxter, S. D., Thompson, W. O., Litaker, M. S., Frye, F. H. A., & Guinn, C. H. (2002) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90089-1 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
What's on the menu? A review of the energy and nutritional content of US chain restaurant menus
Wu, H. W., & Sturm, R. (2013) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s136898001200122x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Boutelle, K. N., Birkeland, R. W., Hannan, P. J., Story, M., & Neumark‐Sztainer, D. (2007) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2007.04.179 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Sebastian, R. S., Enns, C. W., & Goldman, J. D. (2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.10.053 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Fast-food menu offerings vary in dietary quality, but are consistently poor
Kirkpatrick, S. I., Reedy, J., Kahle, L. L., Harris, J. L., Ohri-Vachaspati, P., & Krebs-Smith, S. M. (2014) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980012005563 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Nutrient quality of fast food kids meals
O’Donnell, S., Hoerr, S. L., Mendoza, J. A., & Goh, E. T. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26197 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Nutritional Quality at Eight U.S. Fast-Food Chains
Hearst, M. O., Harnack, L. J., Bauer, K. W., Earnest, A. A., French, S. A., & Michael Oakes, J. (2013) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.028 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Dietary Patterns and Trends in the United States: The UNC-CH Approach
Popkin, B. M., Haines, P. S., & Siega‐Riz, A. M. (1999) · Appetite · doi:10.1006/appe.1998.0190 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationPoor Nutrition on the Menu: Children’s Meals at America’s Top Chain Restaurants
Batada, A., Bruening, M., Marchlewicz, E. H., Story, M., & Wootan (2012) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2012.0016 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Stein, K. (2010) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.017 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Nutritional Quality of Food Prepared at Home and Away From Home, 1977-2008Preprint
Lin, B., & Guthrie, J. F. (2012) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.142361 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Solid Fat and Added Sugar Intake Among U.S. Children
Poti, J. M., Slining, M. M., & Popkin, B. M. (2013) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.06.013 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationHow Food Away From Home Affects Children's Diet QualityPreprint
Mancino, L., Todd, J. E., Guthrie, J. F., & Lin, B. (2010) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.134700 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Cluster Analysis Reveals Important Determinants of Cardiometabolic Risk Patterns in Filipino Women
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.17615/4jha-dj25 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sales of healthy choices at fast food restaurants in Australia
Wellard‐Cole, L., Glasson, C., & Chapman, K. L. (2012) · Health Promotion Journal of Australia · doi:10.1071/he12037 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Adolescent Purchasing Behavior at McDonald's and Subway
Lesser, L. I., Kayekjian, K. C., Velasquez, P., Tseng, C., Brook, R. H., & Cohen, D. A. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.02.014 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Baxter, S. D., Hardin, J. W., Royer, J. A., Guinn, C. H., & Smith, A. F. (2008) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.05.012 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Slining, M. M., Poti, J. M., & Popkin, B. M. (2020) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/x5zs-7k84 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 67 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Designs, formats and applications of lateral flow assay: A literature review
Sajid, M., Kawde, A.-N. M., & Daud, M. (2014) · Journal of Saudi Chemical Society · doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2014.09.001 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
“Scientific community is focusing on the nutritional qualities of food and their possible associations on the human health [91,92].”
Obesity and the food system transformation in <scp>Latin America</scp>
Popkin, B. M., & Reardon, T. (2018) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12694 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Self-citationAnand, S. S., Hawkes, C., de Souza, R. J., Mente, A., Dehghan, M., Nugent, R., Zulyniak, M. A., Weis, T., Bernstein, A. M., Krauss, R. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.050 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
“Snacking and snack foods have grown in frequency and number (43–48); eating frequency has increased; away-from-home eating in restaurants, in fast food outlets, and from take-out meals is increasing dramatically in LMIC; both at home and away-from-home eating increasingly involves fried and processed food (47,49); and…”
BackgroundSelf-citationPopkin, B. M. (2017) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuw064 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Self-citationChanging diets and the transformation of the global food system
Vermeulen, S. J., Park, T., Khoury, C. K., & Béné, C. (2020) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14446 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Obesity: Health and Economic Consequences of an Impending Global Challenge
Shekar, M., & Popkin, B. M. (2019) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1491-4 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationKant, A. K., Whitley, M. I., & Graubard, B. I. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.183 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“, at least in 2-18 year old children who reported fast-food intake, remainder of the diet was also of poor quality (39).”
BackgroundImpact of diet on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents
Funtikova, A. N., Navarro, E., Bawaked, R. A., Fitó, M., & Schröder, H. (2015) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0107-z · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“5) [114].”
BackgroundInfluentialNasreddine, L., Naja, F., Akl, C., Chamieh, M. C., Karam, S., Sibai, A. M., & Hwalla, N. C. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6031038 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Wang, L., Xue, H., Wang, H., & Wang, Y. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4952-x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Peripheral endocannabinoid signaling controls hyperphagia in western diet-induced obesity
Argueta, D. A., & DiPatrizio, N. V. (2017) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.12.044 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“Mounting evidence suggests that a primary contributing factor of these obesity rates is overconsumption of high-energy foods containing large quantities of fats and sugars, known as the “western diet” (WD [1, 2]).”
BackgroundDesigning a tax to discourage unhealthy food and beverage purchases: The case of Chile
Carlos, J., Ng, S. W., Taillie, L. S., & Popkin, B. M. (2017) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.08.001 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationDiet quality of US adolescents during the transition to adulthood: changes and predictors ,
Lipsky, L. M., Nansel, T. R., Haynie, D. L., Liu, D., Li, K., PRATT, C. A., Iannotti, R. J., Dempster, K. W., & Simons‐Morton, B. G. (2017) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.150029 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“In younger children and older adults, cross-sectional studies show that better diet quality is associated with more frequent breakfasts (8) and family meals (9), whereas poorer diet quality is related to greater fast food intake (10) and television viewing (11).”
BackgroundJiang, Y., Wang, J., Wu, S., Li, N., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Xu, X., He, Z., Cheng, Y., Zeng, X., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16061071 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Researchers have investigated the association between fast-food consumption and educational level [35], socioeconomic status [36], dietary patterns [37], hypertension [35], and obesity prevalence [38–41] among adults in the community and among students in elementary school or college.”
BackgroundRichardson, A. S., Meyer, K. A., Howard, A. G., Boone‐Heinonen, J., Popkin, B. M., Evenson, K. R., Kiefe, C. I., Lewis, C. E., & Gordon‐Larsen, P. (2014) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.08.011 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Conversely, lower BMI in areas with high food outlet density may reflect overall dietary preferences of the residents (Poti et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAlkerwi, A., Crichton, G. E., & Hébert, J. R. (2014) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514003468 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Although fast foods((7,23,24)) and takeaways((22,25,26)) have been particularly Table 1.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHutchinson, C. (2016) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1155-7 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Dietary patterns associated with high consumption of energy-dense foods are implicated in excessive weight gain [54, 55].”
BackgroundAlkerwi, A., Sauvageot, N., Malan, L., Shivappa, N., & Hébert, J. R. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7042823 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
At-home and away-from-home dietary patterns and BMI z-scores in Brazilian adolescents
Cunha, D. B., Bezerra, I. N., Pereira, R. A., & Sichieri, R. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.09.028 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage and Water Intake in Relation to Diet Quality in U.S. Children
Leung, C. W., DiMatteo, S. G., Gosliner, W. A., & Ritchie, L. D. (2018) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.11.005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“results of the present study are aligned with prior evidence demonstrating that children’s unhealthy dietary habits cluster, suggesting that beverage choice not only contributes directly to diet quality but may also be a marker of underlying diet quality and lifestyle habits.(8,26,27)”
ResultMoitra, P., Madan, J., & Verma, P. (2021) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980021000203 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Berentzen, N. E., Smit, H. A., van Rossem, L., Gehring, U., Kerkhof, M., Postma, D. S., Boshuizen, H. C., & Wijga, A. H. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.110 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Targeting implicit approach reactions to snack food in children: Effects on intake.
Folkvord, F., Veling, H., & Hoeken, H. (2016) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000365 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“There is growing evidence that overconsumption of high calorie food is a major contributor to this trend (Poti, Duffey, & Popkin, 2014).”
What influences mothers’ snack choices for their children aged 2–7?
Damen, F. W. M., Luning, P. A., Fogliano, V., & Steenbekkers, B. L. P. A. (2018) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.12.012 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Do School Food Programs Improve Child Dietary Quality?
Smith, T. A. (2016) · American Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1093/ajae/aaw091 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“This result reflects the idea that it is not food away from home per se that decreases overall diet quality, but rather the relatively poorer dietary choices regardless of the venue (Poti, Duffey, and Popkin 2014).”
BackgroundDunford, E., Miles, D. R., Ng, S. W., & Popkin, B. M. (2020) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2020.04.022 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationCarlos, J., Ng, S. W., Bonilla, R., Tovar, J., & Popkin, B. M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189026 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationDiet Quality and Eating Practices among Hispanic/Latino Men and Women: NHANES 2011–2016
Overcash, F. M., & Reicks, M. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18031302 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Intake of meals prepared outside the home and convenience foods or ‘ready-meals’ is prevalent among Hispanic/Latino adults and has been associated with poorer diet quality and health outcomes [36,37].”
BackgroundStern, D., Poti, J. M., Ng, S. W., Robinson, W. R., Gordon‐Larsen, P., & Popkin, B. M. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.121806 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Iterations that produced the largest R(2) values indicated the best fit for the data and maximized the interclusterto-intracluster variability ratio (32, 33).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRacial and Ethnic Disparities in Dietary Intake among California Children
Guerrero, A. D., & Chung, P. J. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.08.019 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Selected nutritional habits of teenagers associated with overweight and obesity
Zalewska, M., & Maciorkowska, E. (2017) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.3681 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Emond, J. A., Longacre, M. R., Drake, K. M., Titus, L. J., Hendricks, K. M., MacKenzie, T. A., Harris, J. L., Carroll, J. E., Cleveland, L. P., Gaynor, K., et al. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.012 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Lim, S. K., Lim, H., & Després, J. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22935 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“The increased consumption of fast food has been shown to be associated with increase in energy density (5), excessive portion sizes, high glycemic load (6), and low intakes of vegetables, fruits, and milk (7).”
BackgroundBlack, J., & Billette, J. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/cjph.106.4658 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Ultra-processed food targets bone quality via endochondral ossification
Zaretsky, J., Griess-Fishheimer, S., Carmi, A., Shmul, T. T., Ofer, L., Sinai, T., Penn, S., Shahar, R., & Ornan, E. M. (2021) · Bone Research · doi:10.1038/s41413-020-00127-9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Arslan, N., Ceylan, J. A., & Hatipoğlu, A. (2022) · Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.1108/nfs-01-2022-0003 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Bleiweiss-Sande, R., Sacheck, J. M., Chui, K. K. H., Goldberg, J. P., Bailey, C. P., & Evans, E. W. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104696 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Diet-Related Behaviors and Diet Quality among School-Aged Adolescents Living in Greece
Benetou, V., Kanellopoulou, A., Kanavou, E., Fotiou, A., Stavrou, M., Richardson, C., Orfanos, P., & Kokkevi, A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123804 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Man, C. S., Lim, K. H., Ying, C. Y., Kee, C. C., Kuay, L. K., Huey, T. C., Baharudin, A., & Aziz, N. S. A. (2021) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-021-00254-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“For example, products such as sugary beverages and chips from retail food stores contain similar levels of fat and sugar as in fast food [29].”
BackgroundResultTambalis, K. D., Panagiotakos, D. B., Psarra, G., & Sidossis, L. S. (2018) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980018002707 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“speculated that among US schoolchildren fast-food consumers had higher intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages and fried potatoes and lower intakes of vegetables, fruits and low-fat mixed dishes than non-consumers((7)).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialFood Away from Home and Childhood Obesity
Mancino, L., Todd, J. E., Guthrie, J., & Lin, B. (2014) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-014-0121-z · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Health and Economic Impacts of Overweight/Obesity
Schneider, P., Popkin, B. M., Shekar, M., Eberwein, J. D., Block, C. F., & Okamura, K. S. (2020) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1491-4_ch3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationNg, S. W., Poti, J. M., & Popkin, B. M. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.127944 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“However, other studies have described racial/ethnic or income disparities in consumption of food away from home (FAFH)(3) (4, 5).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA research agenda to guide progress on childhood obesity prevention in Latin America
Kline, L., Jones‐Smith, J. C., Miranda, J. J., Pratt, M., Reis, R. S., Rivera, J. Á., Sallis, J. F., & Popkin, B. M. (2017) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12572 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationKalka, E., Pastuszak, A., & Buśko, K. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220514 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Measuring the nutrition transition and its dynamics
Popkin, B. M. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s136898002000470x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationPerceptions of Processed Foods Among Low-Income and Immigrant Parents
Bleiweiss-Sande, R., Goldberg, J. P., Evans, E. W., Chui, K. K. H., & Sacheck, J. M. (2019) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198119885419 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Obesity Crisis as Market Failure: An Analysis of Systemic Causes and Corrective Mechanisms
Karnani, A., McFerran, B., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2016) · Journal of the Association for Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/686244 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“As food habits are significantly shaped during childhood by one’s family (Poti et al. 2014), it is highly likely that food consumption patterns and habits formed in childhood persist to some degree as children become adults (Gibson et al. 2012).”
BackgroundAssociation of serum vitamin D concentrations with dietary patterns in children and adolescents
Ganji, V., Martineau, B., & FLEIT, W. E. V. (2018) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-018-0365-7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Studies relating vitamin D intake with the vitamin D status have shown conflicting results [13, 15, 27].”
Association of feeding behavior with jaw bone metabolism and tongue pressure
Fujita, Y., & Maki, K. (2018) · Japanese Dental Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2018.05.001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Büyüktuncer, Z., Akyol, A., Ayaz, A., Nergiz‐Unal, R., Canyolu, B. A., Coşgun, E., Özdemir, P., Pekcan, A. G., & Besler, H. T. (2019) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-019-0202-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Fast food intake and excess weight gain over a 1‐year period among preschool‐age children
Emond, J. A., Longacre, M. R., Titus, L. J., Hendricks, K. M., Drake, K. M., Carroll, J. E., Cleveland, L. P., & Dalton, M. A. (2020) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12602 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Chi, D. L., Dinh, M. A., da Fonseca, M. A., Scott, J. M., & Carle, A. C. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.02.011 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“However, recent work has questioned this approach based on the influence the remainder of the child’s diet can have on health outcomes.(43) Similarly, in regard to oral health, any potential adverse effects associated with fast foods are likely to be modified by factors such as exposure to topical fluorides and access…”
BackgroundComparison of the nutrient content of children’s menu items at US restaurant chains, 2010–2014
Deierlein, A. L., Peat, K., & Claudio, L. (2015) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0066-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“5 % were high consumers, with more than 30 % of their daily calories coming from fast-food restaurants [5].”
BackgroundHidaka, B. H., Thodosoff, J. M., Kerling, E. H., Hull, H. R., Colombo, J. A., & Carlson, S. E. (2018) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqx007 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“When compared to reference data from the United Kingdom in 1985, children from all 3 studies, representing the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, have a mean body fat percent close to the 98th percentile of the historical group (20).”
BackgroundInfluentialKant, A. K., & Graubard, B. I. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191584 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Perez, P. A., & DiPatrizio, N. V. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205021 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“DIO is associated with a host of metabolic abnormalities that include type-2 diabetes [5, 6].”
BackgroundKostecka, M. (2014) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.306.5792 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The Fast-Casual Conundrum: Fast-Casual Restaurant Entrées Are Higher in Calories than Fast Food
Jake‐Schoffman, D. E., Davidson, C. R., Hales, S. B., Crimarco, A. E., Dahl, A. A., & Turner‐McGrievy, G. M. (2016) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.03.020 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Taillie, L. S., Afeiche, M. C., Eldridge, A. L., & Popkin, B. M. (2016) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980016002196 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“It will also be important to consider selection issues associated with away-from-home eating, as previous work has found that children who eat more away-from-home foods also eat less healthy diets at home((36)).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSylvetsky, A. C., Visek, A. J., Turvey, C., Halberg, S. E., Weisenberg, J. R., Lora, K. R., & Sacheck, J. M. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12040885 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Higher SSB intake among adolescents who attend school near a fast-food outlet has been reported previously [31], and elevated CSSB consumption when eating out, particularly at fast-food venues, is well documented [32,33].”
BackgroundShinozaki, N., Murakami, K., Asakura, K., Masayasu, S., & Sasaki, S. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010067 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“the number of clusters [40], cubic clustering criterion [39,41], the sample size (cluster solutions were retained only if each cluster contained 5% of the total sample in each meal type) [42], and the interpretation of each cluster [41,43].”
BackgroundWolters, M., Joslowski, G., Plachta‐Danielzik, S., Standl, M., Müller, M. J., Ahrens, W., & Buyken, A. E. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10101442 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“In addition, the preferred consumption of fast foods itself has repeatedly been related to an unfavorable body composition among children and adolescents [43–46] even though it is possible that associations with measures of obesity risk may partly reflect relations to the associated behaviors rather than the preferred…”
BackgroundEck, K., Delaney, C., Leary, M. P., Famodu, O. A., Olfert, M. D., Shelnutt, K. P., & Byrd‐Bredbenner, C. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10081040 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“School-age children rely on their parents to make some of their food-related decisions, but kids also consume about a one-third of their meals away from home [12] with this proportion increasing into the teen years [26,27].”
BackgroundFujita, Y., Goto, S., Ichikawa, M., Hamaguchi, A., & Maki, K. (2016) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.036 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Papoutsis, D., Rocha, S. D. C., Herfindal, A. M., Bøhn, S. K., & Carlsen, H. (2021) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxab401 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Amer, S. A., Alasmari, S. A., A.Amer, M., Aissa, N. A., & Abd‐Ellatif, E. E. (2022) · Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal · doi:10.12944/crnfsj.10.1.02 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Patetta, M. A., Pedraza, L. S., & Popkin, B. M. (2019) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-019-0460-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, D.-Y., Ahn, A.-L., Lee, H., Choi, J., & Lim, H. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11112740 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“preferences, and poor eating behaviors [16], including dietary patterns, rather than fast food consumption itself 31 [10,14].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMititelu, M., Stanciu, G., Licu, M., Neacșu, S. M., Călin, M. F., Roșca, A. C., Stanciu, T. I., Busnatu, Ș., Olteanu, G., Boroghină, S. C., et al. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16111769 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“This impact encompasses several repercussions, including the potential for weight gain and obesity due to the habitual intake of calorie-dense yet nutrient-deficient junk food [28,29].”
BackgroundFood supply chains and child and adolescent diets: A review
Nordhagen, S. (2020) · Global Food Security · doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100443 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Güven, Y., & Öncü, E. (2022) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2022.03.004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Trends in Calories and Nutrients of Beverages in U.S. Chain Restaurants, 2012–2017
Frelier, J. M., Moran, A. J., Vercammen, K. A., Jarlenski, M., & Bleich, S. N. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.023 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Pan, K. (2019) · PubMed · doi:10.17615/m0je-wb81 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Differences in the sugar content of fast-food products across three countries
Lewis, N., Huang, Q., Merkel, P., Rhee, D. K., & Sylvetsky, A. C. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s136898002000110x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Nudging low-medium income mothers towards healthy child options in an online restaurant scenario
Caso, G., & Vecchio, R. (2022) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2022.106360 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Geographic Clustering of Fast-Food Restaurants Around Secondary Schools in Hong Kong
Cheung, J. T. H., Tang, K. C., & Koh, K. P. (2021) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd18.200601 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The World Health Organization warned that excessive consumption of a high-fat diet is associated with childhood obesity (7).”
Childhood Obesity: Epidemiology, Determinants, and Prevention
Mohamed, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Nutritional Disorders & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2161-0509.1000156 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Further, fast food consumption is also associated with higher intake of sugarsweetened beverages and French fries and lower intake of milk, fruit, and vegetables [22,23].”
BackgroundCarroll, J. E., Sturgeon, S. R., Bertone‐Johnson, E. R., VanKim, N. A., Longacre, M. R., Dalton, M. A., & Emond, J. A. (2024) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2023.12.008 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Carroll, J. E., Price, G. D., Longacre, M. R., Hendricks, K. M., Langeloh, G., Beach, P., Dalton, M. A., & Emond, J. A. (2021) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105465 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Chemicals, cans and factories: how grade school children think about processed foods
Bleiweiss-Sande, R., Goldberg, J. P., Evans, E. W., Chui, K. K. H., Bailey, C. P., & Sacheck, J. M. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980019003859 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Does excessive fast-food consumption impair our health?
Popkin, B. M. (2022) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqac110 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation between food intake patterns and serum vitamin D concentrations in US adults
Ganji, V., Shi, Z., Al-Abdi, T., Hejap, D. A., Attia, Y., Koukach, D., & Elkassas, H. (2022) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114522001702 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“For example, using the NHANES data, Poti et al. (42) derived Western and Prudent food patterns.”
Strategies elementary school children use to influence mothers' food purchasing decisions
Monalisa, N., Frongillo, E., Blake, C., Steck, S., & Dipietro, R. B. (2023) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/mcn.13539 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Choi, Y., & Yoon, H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17062060 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Studies have revealed that manufactured food had poorer nutritional quality and more calories, which can result in increasing body mass and higher level of health problems [72].”
BackgroundOdo, F. A., & Ezeanyika, U. S. L. (2015) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lacko, A. M., Popkin, B. M., & Taillie, L. S. (2018) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.006 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationYoon, S. R., Fogleman, S., Kim, H.-Y., Lee, K., & Kim, O. Y. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition Research · doi:10.7762/cnr.2020.9.2.107 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“[39] demonstrated that FF consumers had unhealthier dietary patterns outside the FF restaurant based on the data from the NHANES 2007–2010.”
BackgroundResultHoy, M. K., Murayi, T., & Moshfegh, A. J. (2022) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2022.02.007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Popkin, B. M. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical Activity and Smartphone Use in University Students
Demirbilek, M., & Minaz, M. (2020) · Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health · doi:10.21891/jeseh.795980 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Development of a Menu Board Literacy and Self-efficacy Scale for Children
Williams, O. A., Leighton-Herrmann, E., Ramirez, M. M., Sawyer, V., Eimicke, J. P., & Teresi, J. A. (2017) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2017.07.008 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
In Defense of Food Curriculum: A Mixed Methods Outcome Evaluation in Afterschool
Luesse, H. B., Luesse, J. E., Lawson, J., Koch, P. A., & Contento, I. R. (2019) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198119831750 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Alimentação fora de casa e biomarcadores de doenças crônicas em adolescentes brasileiros
de Morais, S. R., Bezerra, I. N., Souza, A. D. M., Vergara, C. M. A. C., & Sichieri, R. (2021) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00219619 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Xu, H., Sheng, J., Wu, X., Zhan, K., Tao, S., Wen, X., Liu, W., Cudjoe, O., & Tao, F. (2021) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112171 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Contributing Factors to Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Kuwait
Alrashidi, M., Shahwan-Akl, L., James, J., & Jones, L. D. (2015) · International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) · doi:10.15640/ijhs.v3n1a8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Alves, M. D. A., de Pinho, M. G. M., Corrêa, E. N., das Neves, J., & de Vasconcelos, F. D. A. G. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16050824 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“is associated with a lower overall diet quality in American children aged 2–18 years old; children characterized as high consumers of fast food presented a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and French fries, and a lower consumption of fruits and vegetables when compared with children characterized as low cons…”
BackgroundXu, H., Zhang, M., Yang, C., Yun, F., Yang, J., Yang, W., Wang, J., Li, X., Yang, J., & Yang, J. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.01.036 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Childhood Obesity: Solutions to Address a Growing Health Concern
Haney, B. (2014) · Journal of Pregnancy and Child Health · doi:10.4172/2376-127x.1000114 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“• Limit or discontinue high calorie, high fat, high sugar, and low fiber food, snacks and meals [24].”
Backgroundda Silva, K. B. B., Fiaccone, R. L., Couto, R. D., & Ribeiro‐Silva, R. D. C. (2015) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nh.2015.32.4.9512 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“2015;32(4):1582-1590 ISSN 0212-1611 • CODEN NUHOEQ S.”
Influential
- Authors
- Poti, J. M., Duffey, K. J., & Popkin, B. M.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 162-171
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3862453
- OpenAlex
- W2131271354
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 12.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2r24hd050924-06)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL104580)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK007686)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24 HD-050924, 5R24 HD050924)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- fast food consumption, childhood obesity, overweight, dietary habits, Western diet, prudent diet, dietary intake, children, NHANES
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Energy Intake, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Nutrition Surveys, Obesity, Regression Analysis, Restaurants, Socioeconomic Factors, Nutrition Assessment, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Multivariate Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Fast Foods
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
