Dietary Protein Requirement of Female Adults >65 Years Determined by the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique Is Higher Than Current Recommendations
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Background Studies on protein requirements in vulnerable groups such as older adults are few, and results are conflicting.Objective The main objective of this study was to determine the protein requirements of free-living women >65 y by measuring the oxidation of l-[1-(13)C]phenylalanine to (13)CO2 in response to graded intakes of protein.Methods Twelve subjects participated in the study, with protein intakes ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 g · kg(-1) · d(-1) for a total of 82 studies. The diets provided energy at 1.5 times each subject's resting energy expenditure and were isocaloric. Protein was given as an amino acid mixture on the basis of the egg protein pattern, except for phenylalanine and tyrosine, which were maintained constant across the protein intake amounts. All subjects were adapted for 2 d before the study day to a protein intake of 1.0 g · kg(-1) · d(-1). The mean protein requirement was determined by applying a mixed-effects change-point regression analysis to F(13)CO2 (label tracer oxidation in (13)CO2 breath), which identified a breakpoint in the F(13)CO2 in response to graded amounts of protein.Results The mean estimated average requirement (EAR) and upper 95% CI (approximating the RDA) protein requirement of women >65 y were 0.96 and 1.29 g · kg(-1) · d(-1), respectively.Conclusion These estimates of protein requirements for older women are higher than the current EAR and RDA based on nitrogen balance data, which are 0.66 and 0.80 g · kg(-1) · d(-1), respectively. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01604980.
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The conclusion that protein at the RDA is insufficient is emphasised for older men and women wishing to obtain strength and gain lean mass with resistance exercise training and protein supplementation.
“This conclusion is emphasised for older men79 and women80 81 wishing to obtain strength and gain lean mass with RET and protein supplementation.”
From A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults (2018) · cites this paper as [81]
The Discussion (page unavailable) estimates a protein RDA for women aged 65–85 above the current recommendation and says current recommendations may be inadequate. The study used a short-term method to estimate protein requirements; it did not test whether protein supplementation alongside resistance exercise training increases strength or lean mass. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOlder adults require more protein per day.
“older adults require more protein per day,79–81”
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- Authors
- Rafii, M., Chapman, K., Owens, J., Elango, R., Campbell, W. W., Ball, R. O., Pencharz, P. B., & Courtney-Martin, G.
- Affiliations
- Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 145
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-24
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2115817612
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 5.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Mead Johnson Nutrition
- Hospital for Sick Children
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MT10321)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Keywords
- protein requirements, older women, indicator amino acid oxidation, phenylalanine oxidation, nitrogen balance, estimated average requirement, RDA
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amino Acids, Energy Intake, Carbon Isotopes, Dietary Proteins, Energy Metabolism, Female, Fluorine, Humans, Isotope Labeling, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Nutritional Requirements, Oxidation-Reduction, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine
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