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Comorbidity of DSM-IV Pathological Gambling and Other Psychiatric Disorders: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To present nationally representative data on lifetime prevalence and comorbidity of pathological gambling with other psychiatric disorders and to evaluate sex differences in the strength of the comorbid associations. METHOD: Data were derived from a large national sample of the United States. Some 43,093 household and group quarters residents age 18 years and older participated in the 2001-2002 survey. Prevalence and associations of lifetime pathological gambling and other lifetime psychiatric disorders are presented. The diagnostic interview was the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV Version. Fifteen symptom items operationalized the 10 pathological gambling criteria. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence rate of pathological gambling was 0.42%. Almost three quarters (73.2%) of pathological gamblers had an alcohol use disorder, 38.1% had a drug use disorder, 60.4% had nicotine dependence, 49.6% had a mood disorder, 41.3% had an anxiety disorder, and 60.8% had a personality disorder. A large majority of the associations between pathological gambling and substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders were overwhelmingly positive and significant (p < .05), even after controlling for sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Male sex, black race, divorced/separated/widowed marital status, middle age, and living in the West and Midwest were associated with increased risk for pathological gambling. Further, associations between alcohol dependence, any drug use disorder, drug abuse, nicotine dependence, major depressive episode, and generalized anxiety disorder and pathological gambling were stronger among women than men (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Pathological gambling is highly comorbid with substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders, suggesting that treatment for one condition should involve assessment and possible concomitant treatment for comorbid conditions.
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“Epidemiological research indicates that over 50% of PGs have a lifetime mood disorder, over 40% have a lifetime anxiety disorder, and about 23% have ASPD (Kessler et al. 2008; Petry, Stinson & Grant, 2005).”
From Subtyping Pathological Gamblers Based on Impulsivity, Depression, and Anxiety (2010) · cites this paper as Petry, Stinson & Grant, 2005
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, gambling disorder frequently co-occurs with substance use disorders, particularly alcohol and nicotine, as well as mood and anxiety disorders (Conway, Compton, Stinson, & Grant, 2006; B. F. Grant et al., 2004b; Petry et al., 2005; Ronzitti, Kraus, Hoff, & Potenza, 2018).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“In particular, alcohol and nicotine are the most often misused substances among individuals with gambling pathology (Petry et al., 2005).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“Approximately 37% (range: 14.0% −60.3%) of subthreshold and clinical gamblers suffer from an anxiety disorder (Kessler et al., 2008; Lorains et al., 2011; Petry et al., 2005)”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“Similarly, individuals with nicotine or alcohol related substance use disorders are also more likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for GD compared to the general population (Krmpotich et al., 2015; Petry et al., 2005; Rennert et al., 2014).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“A recent meta-analysis including 11 studies conducted between 1998-2010 reported an average comorbidity rate of 28.1% (range: 9.9% - 73.2%) for alcohol use disorders and 60.1% (range: 34.9% - 76.3%) for nicotine dependence in individuals with subthreshold or clinical gambling severity (Lorains et al., 2011; Petry et al., 2005).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“These effects do not appear to be merely the result of shared environmental risk factors, as supported by the work of Petry and colleagues, which reported that alcohol use disorders were significantly related to gambling disorder even after controlling for sociodemographic variables highly associated with the risk for gambling pathology, including ethnicity, age, sex, marital status and region of”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
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Does local culture trigger speculative investment behavior?
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Relative insensitivity to time-out punishments induced by win-paired cues in a rat gambling task
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Pennay, A. E., Cheetham, A., Droste, N., Miller, P. G., Lloyd, B. K., Pennay, D., Dowling, N. A., Jackson, A. C., & Lubman, D. I. (2015) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12764 · Cited by 29
“However, while there is a solid body of evidence suggesting a link between alcohol consumption and gambling (Maccallum and Blaszczynski, 2003; Petry et al., 2005), there is a surprising absence of human research exploring the link between caffeine and gambling, despite animal studies suggesting increased impulsive dec…”
BackgroundMarshall, G. N., Elliott, M. N., & Schell, T. L. (2007) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-007-9082-6 · Cited by 28
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Okuda, M., Balán, I. C., Petry, N. M., Oquendo, M. A., & Blanco, C. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08081235 · Cited by 27
Self-citationMiller, R. J. (2012) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.4.159 · Cited by 28
Jonsson, J., Munck, I. M. E., Volberg, R. A., & Carlbring, P. (2017) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-017-9676-4 · Cited by 27
“Depression is a well-known correlate of problem gambling (Petry et al.2005) both preceding gambling problems and as a consequence.”
BackgroundVolberg, R. A., McNamara, L. M., & Carris, K. (2017) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-017-9703-5 · Cited by 28
Rodríguez-Monguió, R., Rodríguez, M. E., & Volberg, R. A. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.054 · Cited by 28
“Substance use disorders are also concurrent with PG (Lorains et al., 2011; Petry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundImpulse Control Disorders and Co-Occurring Disorders: Dual Diagnosis Considerations
Potenza, M. N. (2007) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1300/j374v03n02_06 · Cited by 28
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Dellis, A., Spurrett, D., Hofmeyr, A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-012-9324-y · Cited by 28
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“, 2009; McGrath and Barrett, 2009; Stewart and Kushner, 2003, 2005; Toneatto and Brennan, 2002) and the rates of tobacco dependence and alcohol dependence among pathological gamblers have been estimated to be approximately 60% and 73% respectively (Petry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundStefanovics, E. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2022) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2022.04.004 · Cited by 26
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“This is mainly related to the fact that a large proportion of problem gamblers have co-morbid nicotine, and alcohol abuse, as well as mood disorders (Petry et al. 2005).”
BackgroundGori, M., Potente, R., Pitino, A., Scalese, M., Bastiani, L., & Molinaro, S. (2014) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-014-9481-2 · Cited by 27
Matheson, K., Wohl, M. J. A., & Anisman, H. (2009) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335.40.4.212 · Cited by 30
Subramaniam, M., Abdin, E., Vaingankar, J., Wong, K., & Chong, S. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.033 · Cited by 26
“The socio-demographic correlates found in our study are also consistent with those found in other studies (Kessler et al., 2008; Petry et al., 2005) which reported lower prevalence among respondents in the oldest than younger cohorts, higher prevalence among men, and among those with lower…”
InfluentialDrug-Induced Impulse Control Disorders: A Prospectus for Neuroethical Analysis
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“5% [34], compared with 2–6% of PD patients [15, 28, 31, 35], and up to 7.”
BackgroundAddiction-Like Mobile Phone Behavior – Validation and Association With Problem Gambling
Fransson, A., Montañés, M. C., & Håkansson, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00655 · Cited by 30
“…comorbidities between GD, alcohol and other substance use disorders, as well as other psychiatric disorders have been found in several studies, highlighting possible implications for treatment and outcome in these individuals (Petry et al., 2005; Dowling et al., 2015; Jiménez-Murcia et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Epidemiology of Gambling Disorder
Black, D., & Shaw, M. C. (2019) · Gambling Disorder · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03060-5_3 · Cited by 29
Paraphilias in Adult Psychiatric Inpatients
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A comparative study of men and women gamblers in Victoria
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Hammond, C. J., Pilver, C. E., Rugle, L. J., Steinberg, M. A., Mayes, L. C., Malison, R. T., Krishnan‐Sarin, S., Hoff, R. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/jba.3.2014.009 · Cited by 26
“…and co-occurring psychiatric disorders (especially substance-use disorders [SUDs]) (Argo & Black, 2004; Desai & Potenza, 2008; Ellenbogen, Gupta & Derevensky, 2007; Jackson, Dowling, Tomas, Bond & Patton, 2008; Petry, Stinson & Grant, 2005; Shaffer & Korn, 2002; Yip, White, Grilo & Potenza, 2011).”
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“Another further limitation is that the findings may not be representative of treatment seeking PGs with less than secondary education, female PGs or PGs in western countries which typically report higher psychiatric and substance use comorbidity (Petry et al. 2005; Battersby et al. 2006; Toneatto et al. 2002; Welte et…”
BackgroundHoldsworth, L., Nuske, E., & Hing, N. (2014) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-014-9527-9 · Cited by 30
“…co-morbidity amongst pathological/problem gamblers to range between 37 and 71 % for depression, 41–60 % for anxiety disorders, 48–72 % for alcohol dependence, and around 38 % for drug dependence (Kessler et al. 2008; Petry et al. 2005; Thomas and Jackson 2008; Department of Justice 2009, 2011).”
BackgroundKnežević, B., & Ledgerwood, D. M. (2012) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00280.x · Cited by 28
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“R, DSM–IV, and DSM-V), the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS; Lesieur and Blume, 1987), the Gambler’s Anonymous Scale (GA20; Ursua and Uribelarrea, 1998) and the Canadian Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI; Ferris and Wynne, 2001).”
BackgroundStress Moderates the Relationships between Problem-Gambling Severity and Specific Psychopathologies
Ronzitti, S., Kraus, S. W., Hoff, R. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.028 · Cited by 25
“A total of 43,093 adults were interviewed, and past-year and lifetime estimates of PG in the sample were 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively; past-year estimates of problem/pathological gambling (PPG) were found to be 0.7% in men and 0.4% in women (Petry et al., 2005; Desai and Potenza, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe use of clinical trials in comparative effectiveness research on mental health
Blanco, C., Rafful, C. M., & Olfson, M. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.02.013 · Cited by 25
“If drop-out is due to patient ambivalence about treatment (36, 37), motivational interviewing and related techniques might be useful, as we hope to demonstrate in an ongoing trial for the treatment of PG (summarized in Table 2).”
MethodHoldsworth, L., Nuske, E., & Breen, H. (2013) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-012-9415-0 · Cited by 27
“Petry et al. (2005) conducted a study in the United States (U.S.) concerning the comorbidity of DSM-IV diagnosed pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders.”
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“…between gambling disorder and substance use disorders is generally high (Crockford and el-Guebaly, 1998; Ibanez et al., 2001; Kausch, 2003; Petry et al., 2005; Dannon et al., 2006; Kessler et al., 2008), and presence of substance use disorders increases severity of gambling disorder (Rush…”
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Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Granero, R., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Moya, E. Á., Aymamí, M., Gómez‐Peña, M., Bueno, B., Santamaría, J., Moragas, L., Penelo, E., et al. (2009) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/s1888-9891(09)73236-7 · Cited by 26
“Trastornos de eje II 11,3% 11,1% 16% 18,4% 1,05 (0,492-2,22) 1,63 (0,822-3, 24 ) 2,11 (0,966-4,63)”
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“4%, with higher estimates derived from gambling screens (Shaffer and Hall, 2001; Petry et al., 2005).”
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Gambling in India: Past, present and future
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The relationship of tobacco use with gambling problem severity and gambling treatment outcome
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“Pathological gambling is estimated to affect 1%–3% of North American adults at some point in their lifetime [1, 2] and creates a constellation of issues for the gambler, the gambler’s family, and society.”
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Davtian, M., Reid, R. C., & FONG, T. W. (2012) · Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.2217/npy.12.11 · Cited by 27
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Changes in craving following acute aerobic exercise in adults with alcohol use disorder
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Problem and Pathological Gambling in a Sample of Casino Patrons
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“(Gerstein et al. 1999; Petry et al. 2005; Shaffer and Hall 2001; Shaffer et al. 1999; Stucki and RihsMiddel 2007; Welte et al. 2001); (b) many problem/pathological gamblers perceive themselves to have a problem with gambling; (c) despite some recognition of problems with gambling, very few…”
BackgroundResultChinneck, A., Mackinnon, S. P., & Stewart, S. H. (2016) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743715625934 · Cited by 25
Induced sadness increases persistence in a simulated slot machine task among recreational gamblers.
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Are the Effects of Gambling Treatment Overestimated?
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“Studies of co-occurring disorders among problem gamblers reveal several of intermediate strength factors found by Baekeland and Lundwall (1975): anti-social traits, dependent traits, substance use disorders, and passive aggressive traits highly associated with pathological gambling (Crockford & el-Guebaly, 1998; Petry…”
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Skaal, L., Sinclair, H., Stein, D. J., & MYERS, B. J. (2015) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-015-9522-5 · Cited by 23
“Similarly, they have demonstrated that problem gamblers are up to three times more likely to have an anxiety disorder diagnosis than nonproblem gamblers (Kessler et al. 2008; Petry et al. 2005).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialImpulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease: an overview from neurobiology to treatment
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The crucial role of recovery capital in individuals with a gambling disorder
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“showed that RC is negatively associated with GD severity and with depression and anxiety – both of which are known to be common in individuals with an active GD (Nower & Blaszczynski, 2008; Petry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundCunningham, J. A., Hodgins, D. C., Mackenzie, C. S., Godinho, A., Schell, C., Kushnir, V., & Hendershot, C. S. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100239 · Cited by 23
“T problems have other co-occurring mental health concerns (Bischof et al., 2013; Desai and Potenza, 2008; Kessler et al., 2008; Lorains et al., 2011; Martin et al., 2014; Petry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundBasic psychological needs in gambling and gaming problems
Vuorinen, I., Savolainen, I., Hagfors, H., & Oksanen, A. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100445 · Cited by 32
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“Clinical depression is a well-established correlate of problem gambling (Kim et al. 2006; Petry et al. 2005 ).”
BackgroundZoratto, F., Laviola, G., & Adriani, W. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.11.024 · Cited by 24
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Gender differences among adolescent gamblers
Weidberg, S. E., González‐Roz, A., Hermida, J. R. F., Loredo, V. M., Grande‐Gosende, A., Pérez, Á. G., & Secades‐Villa, R. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.031 · Cited by 26
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“2%) of lifetime GD patients had AUD [7], while a population-based metaanalysis reported that 28% of lifetime GD patients report AUD as well [8], and other studies reported a 17–33% comorbidity of current GD in AUD patients [9,10].”
BackgroundCharacteristics of Black and White Callers to a Gambling Helpline
Barry, D. T., Steinberg, M. A., Wu, R., & Potenza, M. N. (2008) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.59.11.1347 · Cited by 26
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“Internationally, there are several studies that have investigated the prevalence of disorders with problem gambling (Johansson et al. (2009); Momper et al. 2010; Petry et al. 2005; Quilty et al. 2010; Turner et al. (2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialLife events and problem gambling severity: A prospective study of adult gamblers.
Luce, C., Kairouz, S., Nadeau, L., & Monson, E. (2016) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000227 · Cited by 23
After the Ban of Slot Machines in Norway: A New Group of Treatment-Seeking Pathological Gamblers?
Bu, E. T. H., & Skutle, A. (2013) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-011-9287-4 · Cited by 22
“Relationship problems, reduced work capacity and crime are also overrepresented in this group (Raylu and Oei 2002).”
BackgroundDrinking Patterns of Pathological Gamblers Before, During, and After Gambling Treatment
Rash, C. J., Weinstock, J., & Petry, N. (2011) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0025565 · Cited by 17
Self-citationThe Relationship Between Gambling Behavior and Binge Drinking, Hard Drug Use, and Paying for Sex
Walker, D. M., Clark, C., & Folk, J. (2012) · UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal · doi:10.9741/2327-8455.1099 · Cited by 22
“Original research and meta-analyses suggest that around 0.4% to 2.0% of the general public represents problem gamblers (Petry et al. 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialImpulse control disorders in elderly patients
Tamam, L., Bican, M., & Keskin, N. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.12.003 · Cited by 22
“42% in a study on a large sample group in the United States and it was determined that there was a significant association between pathological gambling and alcohol use disorder [37].”
BackgroundLobo, D. S. S., Quilty, L. C., Martins, S. S., Tavares, H., Vallada, H., Kennedy, J. L., & Bagby, R. M. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.006 · Cited by 22
Pirritano, D., Plastino, M., Bosco, D., Gallelli, L., Siniscalchi, A., & Sarro, G. D. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/728038 · Cited by 22
An exploratory study of multiple distinct gambling trajectories in emerging adults
Edgerton, J. D., Melnyk, T. S., & Roberts, L. W. (2015) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2014.992326 · Cited by 24
“…and Grant 2005; Welte et al. 2001; Winters et al. 2002), depression (Gupta, Derevensky, and Marget 2004; Langhinrichsen-Rohling 2004; Lee et al. 2011; Petry, Stinson, and Grant 2005), impulsiveness (Bergevin et al. 2006; Lee et al. 2011; Nower, Derevensky, and Gupta 2004; Slutske et al. 2005),…”
BackgroundInfluentialProblem Gambling Treatment Within the British National Health Service
Rigbye, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2010) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-010-9284-3 · Cited by 22
“…mental health problem and addictions is undertaken in the UK, as secondary analysis of the BGPS showed that problem gamblers in great Britain showed significantly higher levels of comorbid disorders (Griffiths et al. 2010) and mirrors overseas research (e.g., Petry et al. 2005; Kim et al. 2006).”
BackgroundClark, C., & Walker, D. M. (2009) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459790902915332 · Cited by 22
“Of course, factors other than gambling may explain this too; as much as 75% of problem gamblers have other behavioural disorders (Petry, Stinson & Grant, 2005 ; Westphal & Johnson, 2007 ).”
BackgroundTreatment-seeking precipitators in problem gambling: Analysis of data from a gambling helpline.
Valdivia‐Salas, S., Blanchard, K. S., Lombas, A. S., & Wulfert, E. (2014) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0035413 · Cited by 22
Edgerton, J. D., Keough, M. T., & Roberts, L. W. (2018) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-018-9760-4 · Cited by 22
Wilson, M. J., & Vassileva, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00239 · Cited by 21
Orlowski, S., Tietjen, E., Bischof, A., Brandt, D. M., Schulte, L., Bischof, G., Besser, B., Trachte, A., & Rumpf, H. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106445 · Cited by 22
Update on pathological gambling
Grant, J. E., Williams, K. A., & Kim, S. W. (2006) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-006-0081-4 · Cited by 22
Problem gambling: what do general practitioners need to know and do about it?
Thomas, S. A., Piterman, L., & Jackson, A. C. (2008) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01944.x · Cited by 22
Back, K., Williams, R. J., & Lee, C. (2014) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-014-9442-9 · Cited by 21
“A considerable amount of research has also identified reliable correlates of problem gambling as assessed by these instruments, with these correlates being: male; young age (18–25); impulsivity; risk-seeking tendencies; vulnerability to addictive behaviour (particularly substance abuse); vulnerability to mental health…”
BackgroundShirk, S. D., Kelly, M. M., Kraus, S. W., Potenza, M. N., Pugh, K. E., Waltrous, C., Federman, E. J., Krebs, C., & Drebing, C. E. (2018) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12685 · Cited by 23
“In addition, individuals with GD have high rates of co-occurring disorders, including mood, personality, substance-use, and post-traumatic stress disorders.(5,9) Although GD is associated with reduced quality of life, impaired functioning, and high rates of bankruptcy, divorce, and incarceration, few problem gamblers…”
BackgroundSocial and behavioral problems among five gambling severity groups
Moghaddam, J. F., Yoon, G., Campos, M. D., & FONG, T. W. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.082 · Cited by 21
“…a separate section of the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule–DSM-IV Version (AUDADIS-IV) to assess lifetime pathological gambling; current pathological gambling was not evaluated because of low prevalence and power in statistical analyses (Petry et al., 2005) .”
InfluentialMcGrath, D. S., Barrett, S. P., Stewart, S. H., & McGrath, P. R. (2012) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr294 · Cited by 21
Response to Moser’s (2010) Critique of Hypersexual Disorder for DSM-5
Kafka, M. P., & Krueger, R. B. (2011) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9740-6 · Cited by 20
“Axis I comorbidities, however, are very prevalent in Gambling Disorder ( Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2005 ) and Binge Eating Disorders (Grilo, White, & Masheb, 2009), conditions that could be conceptually related to Hypersexual Disorder.”
BackgroundPathological Gamblers and a Non-Psychiatric Control Group Taking Gender Differences into Account
Echeburúa, E., González–Ortega, I., de Corral, P., & Polo-López, R. (2013) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2013.2 · Cited by 22
“These results are partially consistent with previous studies (Granero et al., 2009; Ibáñez et al., 2001; Petry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKrause, K., Bischof, A., Lewin, S., Guertler, D., Rumpf, H., John, U., & Meyer, C. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.38 · Cited by 20
“Furthermore, with its relations to depression as well as to gambling behavior, RB seems to be a crucial factor when it comes to explaining the high comorbidity between depressive disorders and gambling disorders (Kessler et al., 2008; Petry et al., 2005; Rizeanu, 2013).”
BackgroundShaffer, H. J., Tom, M. A., Wiley, R. C., Wong, M. F.-Y., Chan, E. M. L., Cheng, G. L. F., Lo, C. K. M., Eric, K. Y., Wong, R. H. Y., & Lee, M. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-018-9952-2 · Cited by 21
“In general, addiction is well known for its high rate of comorbidity with other mental health problems (e.g., Hasin et al. 2007; Kessler et al. 2008; Nelson et al. 2015; Petry et al. 2005; Shek et al. 2012).”
Gavriel‐Fried, B., Moretta, T., & Potenza, M. N. (2019) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000492 · Cited by 23
Brett, E. I., Weinstock, J., Burton, S., Wenzel, K. R., Weber, S. M., & Moran, S. (2014) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2014.931449 · Cited by 21
“…Woods, & Unick, 2011), types and rates of co-morbidity (e.g. major depression, anxiety disorders; Grant, Chamberlain, Schreiber, & Odlaug, 2012; Petry et al., 2005), onset and time course of the disorder (i.e. ‘telescoping’; Grant et al., 2012; Shaffer & Martin, 2011), and women also usually…”
BackgroundInfluentialMomper, S. L., Delva, J., Grogan‐Kaylor, A. C., Sanchez, N., & Volberg, R. A. (2010) · Journal of Gambling Issues · doi:10.4309/jgi.2010.24.3 · Cited by 21
“Petry, Stinson, and Grant (2005) analyzed the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (2001–2002) and found that 73% of the 192 pathological gamblers in this large, nationally representative sample had lifetime alcohol use disorders and that 60.4% reported lifetime nicotine…”
BackgroundInfluentialGiddens, J. L., Stefanovics, E., Pilver, C. E., Desai, R., & Potenza, M. N. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.052 · Cited by 20
“…that about 0.2– 2% of adults engage in persistent, recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior that fulfills the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-TR criteria for pathological gambling (PG) (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; Petry et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialClinical and Research Implications of Gambling Disorder in DSM-5
Weinstock, J., & Rash, C. J. (2014) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-014-0026-7 · Cited by 22
Cunningham, J. A., Hodgins, D. C., Keough, M. T., Hendershot, C. S., Schell, C., & Godinho, A. (2020) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100307 · Cited by 20
“Unhealthy alcohol use was targeted because these issues frequently co-occur (Cunningham-Williams et al., 1998; Petry et al., 2005), and because heavy alcohol consumption and gambling problems may be functionally interrelated among those who engage in both behaviours (Barnes et al., 2015; el-Guebaly…”
BackgroundNeuropsychiatric Aspects of Impulse Control Disorders
Silva, B., Canas‐Simião, H., & Cavanna, A. E. (2020) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2020.02.001 · Cited by 22
Pfund, R. A., King, S. A., Forman, D. P., Zech, J. M., Ginley, M. K., Peter, S. C., McAfee, N. W., Witkiewitz, K. A., & Whelan, J. (2023) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000910 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Petry, N. M., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F.
- Affiliations
- UConn Health (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Petry, Nancy M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2005-05-15
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 05
- Pages
- 564-574
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2016693718
- Cited by
- 1,245
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 90 · 2014: 96 · 2013: 87 · 2012: 83
- FWCI
- 51.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p50aa003510-27)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P50- AA03510)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060417, R01 MH60417)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA014618, R01-DA14618, R01-DA13444, P50DA009241, R01DA016855, P50-DA-0-9241, R01DA013444)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- gambling addiction, comorbidities, mental illness, alcoholism, drug use disorders, nicotine dependence, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, sex differences, lifetime prevalence, risk factors, National Comorbidity Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Gambling, Health Surveys, Humans, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Substance-Related Disorders, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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