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Comorbidity of DSM-IV Pathological Gambling and Other Psychiatric Disorders: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To present nationally representative data on lifetime prevalence and comorbidity of pathological gambling with other psychiatric disorders and to evaluate sex differences in the strength of the comorbid associations. METHOD: Data were derived from a large national sample of the United States. Some 43,093 household and group quarters residents age 18 years and older participated in the 2001-2002 survey. Prevalence and associations of lifetime pathological gambling and other lifetime psychiatric disorders are presented. The diagnostic interview was the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV Version. Fifteen symptom items operationalized the 10 pathological gambling criteria. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence rate of pathological gambling was 0.42%. Almost three quarters (73.2%) of pathological gamblers had an alcohol use disorder, 38.1% had a drug use disorder, 60.4% had nicotine dependence, 49.6% had a mood disorder, 41.3% had an anxiety disorder, and 60.8% had a personality disorder. A large majority of the associations between pathological gambling and substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders were overwhelmingly positive and significant (p < .05), even after controlling for sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Male sex, black race, divorced/separated/widowed marital status, middle age, and living in the West and Midwest were associated with increased risk for pathological gambling. Further, associations between alcohol dependence, any drug use disorder, drug abuse, nicotine dependence, major depressive episode, and generalized anxiety disorder and pathological gambling were stronger among women than men (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Pathological gambling is highly comorbid with substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders, suggesting that treatment for one condition should involve assessment and possible concomitant treatment for comorbid conditions.
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“Epidemiological research indicates that over 50% of PGs have a lifetime mood disorder, over 40% have a lifetime anxiety disorder, and about 23% have ASPD (Kessler et al. 2008; Petry, Stinson & Grant, 2005).”
From Subtyping Pathological Gamblers Based on Impulsivity, Depression, and Anxiety (2010) · cites this paper as Petry, Stinson & Grant, 2005
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, gambling disorder frequently co-occurs with substance use disorders, particularly alcohol and nicotine, as well as mood and anxiety disorders (Conway, Compton, Stinson, & Grant, 2006; B. F. Grant et al., 2004b; Petry et al., 2005; Ronzitti, Kraus, Hoff, & Potenza, 2018).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“In particular, alcohol and nicotine are the most often misused substances among individuals with gambling pathology (Petry et al., 2005).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“Approximately 37% (range: 14.0% −60.3%) of subthreshold and clinical gamblers suffer from an anxiety disorder (Kessler et al., 2008; Lorains et al., 2011; Petry et al., 2005)”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“Similarly, individuals with nicotine or alcohol related substance use disorders are also more likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for GD compared to the general population (Krmpotich et al., 2015; Petry et al., 2005; Rennert et al., 2014).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“A recent meta-analysis including 11 studies conducted between 1998-2010 reported an average comorbidity rate of 28.1% (range: 9.9% - 73.2%) for alcohol use disorders and 60.1% (range: 34.9% - 76.3%) for nicotine dependence in individuals with subthreshold or clinical gambling severity (Lorains et al., 2011; Petry et al., 2005).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“These effects do not appear to be merely the result of shared environmental risk factors, as supported by the work of Petry and colleagues, which reported that alcohol use disorders were significantly related to gambling disorder even after controlling for sociodemographic variables highly associated with the risk for gambling pathology, including ethnicity, age, sex, marital status and region of”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
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The efficacy of a personalized feedback-only intervention for at-risk college gamblers.
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“…et al., 2013) and is highly comorbid with a range of other psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; and other impulse-control disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders; Hollander et al., 2005) and with substance abuse (Petry et al., 2005; Hodgins et al., 2011).”
BackgroundGrant, J. E., Donahue, C. B., Odlaug, B. L., & Kim, S. W. (2011) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/104012371102300102 · Cited by 39
Family-Focused Practices in Addictions: A Scoping Review
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“…such as massive debt, increased risk of developing mood and anxiety disorders, and suicide, affecting their social and professional relationships in extension (Moghaddam, Campos, Myo, Reid, & Fong, 2014; Moghaddam, Yoon, Dickerson, Kim, & West-ermeyer, 2015; Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2005).”
BackgroundGrant, J. E., Kim, S. W., Odlaug, B. L., & Potenza, M. N. (2008) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0b013e3181878673 · Cited by 40
Pathological gambling in a psychiatric sample
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BackgroundGender Differences in Treatment-Seeking British Pathological Gamblers
Ronzitti, S., Lutri, V., Smith, N. T., Clerici, M., & Bowden‐Jones, H. (2016) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.032 · Cited by 38
“When examining psychopath-ological correlates of GD, it was found that associations between GD and substance abuse, major depressive episodes, and generalized anxiety disorder were stronger among women (Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2005).”
BackgroundAssanangkornchai, S., McNeil, E. B., Tantirangsee, N., Kittirattanapaiboon, P., & _, _. (2016) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.066 · Cited by 38
“…with other studies (Chou & Afifi, 2011; Desai & Potenza, 2008; Grant & Chamberlain, 2015; Parhami, Mojtabai, Rosenthal, Afifi, & Fong, 2014; Petry et al., 2005), gambling disorder was associated with other psychiatric disorders, especially substance use disorders, intermittent explosive…”
BackgroundLatella, D., Maggio, M. G., Maresca, G., Saporoso, A. F., Cause, M. L., Manuli, A., Milardi, D., Bramanti, P., Luca, R. D., & Calabrò, R. S. (2019) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2019.01.034 · Cited by 38
Quaglieri, A., Mari, E., Boccia, M., Piccardi, L., Guariglia, C., & Giannini, A. M. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10060353 · Cited by 39
“One of the possible reasons for the high comorbidity of AUD and GD is their biological and phenomenological similarity [15].”
BackgroundChildren at Risk of Developing Problem Gambling
Dowling, N. A., Jackson, A. C., Thomas, S. A., & Frydenberg, E. (2010) · Figshare · Cited by 41
Takamatsu, S., Martens, M. P., & Arterberry, B. J. (2016) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-015-9562-x · Cited by 34
Fauth‐Bühler, M., Zois, E., Vollstädt‐Klein, S., Leménager, T., Beutel, M., & Mann, K. F. (2014) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2014.09.008 · Cited by 37
“GD is often accompanied by other mental disorders, with mood disorders and substance use disorders (SUD) being themost frequently occurring comorbid psychiatric Axis I disorders (Kessler et al., 2008; Petry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundOpioid antagonists in broadly defined behavioral addictions: a narrative review
Piquet‐Pessôa, M., & Fontenelle, L. F. (2016) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2016.1145660 · Cited by 38
“It affects between 1% and 3% of the North American adult population during their lifetime.[28,29] However, GD has been described in different cultures, thus representing a worldwide problem.”
Townshend, T. (2016) · Journal of Urban Design · doi:10.1080/13574809.2015.1106916 · Cited by 37
“It is also well established that problematic gambling is linked with other health risk behaviour, such as drug and alcohol abuse and psychiatric disorders (Lorians, Cowlinshaw, and Thomas 2011; Petry, Stinson, and Grant 2005).”
BackgroundButler, N., Quigg, Z., Bates, R., Sayle, M., & Ewart, H. (2019) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-019-09902-8 · Cited by 39
Common neurobiological and psychological underpinnings of gambling and substance-use disorders
Balodis, I. M., & Potenza, M. N. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109847 · Cited by 41
Gambling Problems in US Military Veterans
Etuk, R., Shirk, S. D., Grubbs, J. B., & Kraus, S. W. (2020) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-020-00310-2 · Cited by 38
The Treatment of Pathologic Gambling
Brewer, J. A., Grant, J. E., & Potenza, M. N. (2008) · Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment · doi:10.1097/adt.0b013e31803155c2 · Cited by 39
“The latter is especially important as PG has been repeatedly shown to have high comorbidity.(16,17) Another CBT study compared combined cognitive correction, problem-solving and social skills training and relapse prevention with a wait-list control group in 29 men with PG.”
Backgroundvon Ranson, K. M., Wallace, L. M., Holub, A., & Hodgins, D. C. (2012) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2207 · Cited by 40
Variations in Gambling Disorder Symptomatology Across Sexual Identity Among College Student-Athletes
Richard, J., Martin‐Storey, A., Wilkie, E., Derevensky, J. L., Paskus, T. S., & Temcheff, C. E. (2019) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-019-09838-z · Cited by 37
Hing, N., & Russell, A. M. T. (2019) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-019-09867-8 · Cited by 36
Ciccarelli, M., Nigro, G., Griffiths, M. D., Cosenza, M., & D’Olimpio, F. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.017 · Cited by 35
“However, for a small percentage of population it represents a serious disorder (Petry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundTrajectories of gambling problems from mid-adolescence to age 30 in a general population cohort.
Carbonneau, R., Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M. R., & Tremblay, R. E. (2015) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000102 · Cited by 39
Gambling problems and the impact of family in UK armed forces veterans
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Impulse-control disorders in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder
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“6% (Shaffer et al., 1999; Petry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialGambling in Brazil: Lifetime prevalences and socio-demographic correlates
Tavares, H., Carneiro, E., Sanches, M., Pinsky, I., Caetano, R., Zaleski, M., & Laranjeira, R. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.014 · Cited by 36
“Thus, regional variations are expected (Petry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialA brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: a randomized multisite trial
LaBrie, R. A., Peller, A. J., LaPlante, D. A., Bernhard, B., Harper, A., Schrier, T., & Shaffer, H. J. (2012) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01157.x · Cited by 36
“Among these are four published reports representing three programs that included self-help tools (Dickerson et al., 1990; Hodgins & el-Guebaly, 2004; Hodgins et al., 2001, 2009; Petry et al., 2005).”
Denis, C. M., Fatseas, M., Beltran, V., Serre, F., Alexandre, J.-M., Debrabant, R., Daulouede, J., & Auriacombe, M. (2016) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2015.1036334 · Cited by 37
“excluded from major psychiatric epidemiological surveys and are poorly understood in comparison with other addictive and psychiatric disorders.(5,6,8,16) A significant problem in under-”
BackgroundComorbidity of Alcohol and Gambling Problems in Emerging Adults: A Bifactor Model Conceptualization
Tackett, J. L., Krieger, H., Neighbors, C., Rinker, D. V., Rodriguez, L. M., & Gottheil, E. (2016) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-016-9618-6 · Cited by 41
“Other work has demonstrated that associations between pathological gambling and alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence, and drug use disorders were stronger among women than men (Petry et al. 2005).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHing, N., & Russell, A. M. T. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.056 · Cited by 36
Dickler, M., Lenglos, C., Renauld, E., Ferland, F., Edden, R. A. E., Leblond, J., & Fecteau, S. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.002 · Cited by 38
“In regards to history of substance use disorders, which are common comorbidities of GD (Petry et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 2008; Grant and Chamberlain, 2015; ), we included patients with history of substance use disorders who were abstinent for at least 1 year.”
Xu, H., Li, H., Liu, D., Wen, W., Xu, M., Frank, J. A., Chen, J., Zhu, H., Grahame, N. J., & Luo, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.614396 · Cited by 34
“AUD is comorbid with other mental disorders, particularly anxiety disorder (Kushner et al., 2000; Burns and Teesson, 2002; Petry et al., 2005; Schneier et al., 2010).”
BackgroundA Direct, Controlled, Blind Family Study ofDSM-IVPathological Gambling
Black, D. W., Coryell, W. H., Crowe, R., McCormick, B. A., Shaw, M. C., & Allen, J. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.13m08566 · Cited by 35
“were run sequentially with the following predictors: (1) proband race/ethnicity and years of education, interview status, and relationship to the proband (the base model); (2) the base model and the proband’s diagnosis for additional diagnosis of interest; and (3) the base model, the proband’s diagnosis for the additi…”
MethodCongruence Couple Therapy for Pathological Gambling
Lee, B. K. (2008) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-007-9137-x · Cited by 35
“2005); and other forms of addiction and mental health disorders (Coman et al. 1997; Petry et al. 2005).”
BackgroundSchwenck, C., Ciaramidaro, A., Selivanova, M., Tournay, J., Freitag, C. M., & Siniatchkin, M. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.037 · Cited by 37
Is subclinical gambling really subclinical?
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Kotter, R., Kräplin, A., Pittig, A., & Bühringer, G. (2018) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-018-9777-8 · Cited by 40
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Reid, R. C., Li, D., Lopez, J., Collard, M., Parhami, I., Karim, R., & Fong, T. W. (2011) · Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions · doi:10.1080/1533256x.2011.547071 · Cited by 38
“Pathological gambling has been classified as an impulse-control disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed, text revision [ DSM–IV–TR ]; American Psychiatric Association, 2000 ), with a lifetime prevalence rate estimated between 1% and 3% among North American adult populations ( Petr…”
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RetractedProblem gambling and violence among community-recruited female substance abusers.
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“Our finding of high rates of depression among substance abusers and among substance abusers who gamble is supported by the work of others using different measurement tools and samples drawn from treatment settings (Maccullum & Blaszczynski, 2003) and from the general population (Petry et al., 2005).”
ResultThe Prevalence and Course of Pathological Gambling in the Mood Disorders
Quilty, L. C., Watson, C., Robinson, J. J., Toneatto, T., & Bagby, R. M. (2010) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-010-9199-8 · Cited by 34
“Both conservative and liberal estimates are significantly higher than the estimates of 0.4–2% reported within the general population (Cox et al. 2005; Kessler et al. 2008; Ladouceur et al. 2005; Petry et al. 2005; Rush et al. 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialIliceto, P., Fino, E., Cammarota, C., Giovani, E., Petrucci, F., Desimoni, M., Sabatello, U., Candilera, G., & Oei, T. P. S. (2013) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-013-9405-6 · Cited by 35
“…the impact of efficient cognitive restructuring and focus on major comorbidities as substance abuse, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders (Petry et al. 2005), significant decrease in GRCS scores at the end of treatment is expected, suggesting that treatment strategies should involve…”
BackgroundLedgerwood, D. M., Wiedemann, A. A., Moore, J. A., & Arfken, C. L. (2011) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2011.588815 · Cited by 33
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“Numerous prevalence studies have examined gambling among large populations (Cox et al. 2005; Petry et al. 2005; The researchers have full control of the primary data and it can be reviewed if requested by the journal editor.”
BackgroundInfluentialSlutske, W. S., Zhu, G., Meier, M. H., & Martin, N. G. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022879 · Cited by 33
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“However, Missouri SEs were younger, slightly more likely to be male and more likely to be non-Caucasian than the general population (see Table 1). These differences reflect differences often found between disordered gamblers and the general population (e.g., Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2005 ), supporting the argument tha…”
BackgroundA naturalistic study of recovering gamblers: What gets better and when they get better
Rossini, D., Fuentes, D., & Tavares, H. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.003 · Cited by 33
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“Although these groups compromise a relatively small percentage of the population, their numbers are greater than those identified as suffering from GD and they experience greater harm than individuals with GD (Petry et al. 2005).”
Aripiprazole-Induced Pathological Gambling: A Report of 3 Cases
Cohen, J., Magalon, D., Boyer, L., Simon, N., & Lançon, C. (2011) · Current Drug Safety · doi:10.2174/157488611794480016 · Cited by 32
“PG is highly comorbid with substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders [4].”
BackgroundImpact of ADHD symptoms on clinical and cognitive aspects of problem gambling
Chamberlain, S. R., Derbyshire, K. L., Leppink, E. W., & Grant, J. E. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.10.013 · Cited by 35
“In general, pathological gambling has been associated with high rates of substance use disorders especially over the lifetime (Petry et al., 2005), as has ADHD (e.g. Lee et al., 2011).”
BackgroundOtto, J. L., Smolenski, D. J., Wilson, A. L. G., Evatt, D. P., Campbell, M. S., Beech, E. H., Workman, D. E., Morgan, R. L., O'Gallagher, K. G., & Belsher, B. E. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.12.022 · Cited by 33
Personality Traits and Disorders in Pathological Gamblers versus Normal Controls
Sáez-Abad, C., & Bertolín-Guillén, J. (2008) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1300/j069v27n01_04 · Cited by 33
Ledgerwood, D. M., & Milosevic, A. (2013) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-013-9426-1 · Cited by 33
“Past studies have also clearly demonstrated that PPG is associated with higher psychiatric comorbidity (Petry et al. 2005), and these co-occurring disorders have been shown to complicate problem gambling treatment (e.g., Hodgins and el-Guebaly 2010).”
BackgroundYip, S. W., White, M. A., Grilo, C. M., & Potenza, M. N. (2010) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-010-9207-z · Cited by 32
“…as an impulse control disorder (ICD; American Psychiatric Association 2000) and is associated with behavioral and psychological impairments across multiple domains (Morasco et al. 2006; Desai et al. 2007; Petry et al. 2005; National Council on Problem Gambling AGA 1999; Shaffer and Korn 2002).”
Disordered Gambling and Its treatment
Petry, N. (2009) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.02.005 · Cited by 34
“gamblers. Similarly, the NESARC study ( Petry et al., 2005 ) reported alcohol dependence was 5”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationCompulsive buying disorder clustering based on sex, age, onset and personality traits
Granero, R., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Baño, M., Steward, T., Mestre‐Bach, G., del Pino‐Gutiérrez, A., Moragas, L., Mallorquí‐Bagué, N., Aymamí, N., Gómez‐Peña, M., et al. (2016) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.03.003 · Cited by 32
“Men and women display differences in their emotions in response to environmental and social stimuli, and seem to express diverse susceptibility factors to mental diseases [56].”
BackgroundDoes Telescoping Exist in Male and Female Gamblers? Does It Matter?
Zakiniaeiz, Y., Cosgrove, K., Mazure, C. M., & Potenza, M. N. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01510 · Cited by 31
“Links between psychopathology and problem-gambling severity appear stronger in women than in men for major depression and stronger in men than in women for alcohol dependence (Lesieur et al., 1986; Welte et al., 2001; Petry et al., 2005; Blanco et al., 2006; Desai and Potenza, 2008).”
BackgroundPrevalence of Gambling Problems Among the Clients of a Toronto Homeless Shelter
Matheson, F. I., Devotta, K., Wendaferew, A., & Pedersen, C. (2014) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-014-9452-7 · Cited by 32
“Evidence is building that gambling is a serious problem within the homeless and substance using populations and much more severe than in the general population (Matheson et al. 2012; Nower et al. 2008; Petry et al. 2005; Shaffer et al. 2002).”
BackgroundProfessional and Pathological Gamblers: Similarities and Differences
Weinstock, J., Massura, C. E., & Petry, N. (2013) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-012-9308-y · Cited by 35
Self-citationGambling in COVID-19 Lockdown in the UK: Depression, Stress, and Anxiety
Sharman, S., Roberts, A. D. L., Bowden‐Jones, H., & Strang, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.621497 · Cited by 34
Colledge, F., Buchner, U. G., Schmidt, A., Wiesbeck, G. A., Lang, U. E., Pühse, U., Gerber, M., & Walter, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2021.761844 · Cited by 32
Mediational Role of Age of Onset in Gambling Disorder, a Path Modeling Analysis
Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Granero, R., Tárrega, S., Angulo-Brunet, A., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Arcelus, J., Fagundo, A. B., Aymamí, N., Moragas, L., Sauvaget, A., et al. (2015) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-015-9537-y · Cited by 31
“2004, 2006) and affective disorders (Petry et al. 2005).”
BackgroundSander, W., & Peters, A. (2009) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-009-9128-x · Cited by 31
“The comorbidity is high, especially with substance use disorders, mood disorders (Hodgins et al. 2005; Petry et al. 2005) and personality disorders (Petry et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialAdverse Childhood Experiences and Gambling: Results From a National Survey
Sharma, A., & Sacco, P. (2015) · Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions · doi:10.1080/1533256x.2015.996502 · Cited by 34
“…with a range of disorders including, but not limited to, substance abuse, personality disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders (Cunningham-Williams et al., 1998; Petry et al., 2005; Pietrzak, Morasco, Blanco, Grant, & Petry, 2007; Sacco, Cunningham-Williams, Ostmann, & Spitznagel, 2008).”
BackgroundMethodMultiple Co-occurring Behaviours among Gamblers in Treatment: Implications and Assessment
Westphal, J. R., & Johnson, L. J. (2007) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459790601157905 · Cited by 33
“Their outcomes included two notable negative findings: hypomania and alcohol abuse were not significantly related to pathological gambling (Petry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialShek, D. T. L., Chan, E., & Wong, R. H. Y. (2012) · TheScientificWorldJournal · doi:10.1100/2012/571434 · Cited by 37
“Although comparisons between studies are difficult due to differences in samples, inclusion criteria, and assessment tools used, these studies generally showed a high psychiatric comorbidity among pathological gamblers identified from the general population sample [9, 12, 13].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialFeigelman, W. T., Gorman, B. S., & Lesieur, H. R. (2006) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.2006.36.4.396 · Cited by 31
Concurrent and Predictive Validity of the Addiction Severity Index in Pathological Gamblers
Petry, N. M. (2007) · The American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490701389849 · Cited by 30
Self-citationBehavioral addictions in bipolar disorders: A systematic review
Varo, C., Murru, A., Salagre, E., Jiménez, E., Solé, B., Montejo, L., Carvalho, A., Stubbs, B., Grande, I., Martínez-Arán, A., et al. (2019) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.10.012 · Cited by 30
Spritzer, D. T., Rohde, L. A., Bumaguin, D. B., Laranjeira, R., Pinsky, I., Zaleski, M., Caetano, R., & Tavares, H. (2011) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-010-9236-7 · Cited by 54
“will meet the needs of the population, yielding the necessary adjustments to the specific psycho-social environment of a given jurisdiction (Derevensky and Gupta 2000; Derevensky et al. 2004; Petry et al. 2005).”
BackgroundAlcohol and Drug Use, Smoking, and Gambling among Psychiatric Outpatients: A 1-Year Prevalence Study
Nehlin, C., Grönbladh, L., Fredriksson, A., & Jansson, L. (2013) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2012.728991 · Cited by 30
“Individuals with comorbid disorders can be expected to respond better to treatment aimed at both conditions (28).”
BackgroundWohl, M. J. A., Salmon, M. M., Hollingshead, S. J., & Kim, H. S. A. (2017) · Journal of Gambling Issues · doi:10.4309/jgi.2017.35.1 · Cited by 29
Guideline for screening, assessment and treatment in problem gambling
Thomas, S. A., Merkouris, S., Dowling, N. A., Radermacher, H. L., Jackson, A. C., Misso, M. L., & Anderson, C. (2011) · Cited by 30
Both sides of the story: Addiction is not a pastime activity
Müller, K. W., & Wölfling, K. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.038 · Cited by 29
Financial Literacy, Financial Education, and Smoking Behavior: Evidence From Japan
Watanapongvanich, S., Khan, M. S. R., Putthinun, P., Ono, S., & Kadoya, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.612976 · Cited by 37
Mental Disorders in Individuals With Exercise Addiction—A Cross-Sectional Study
Meyer, M., Sattler, I., Schilling, H., Lang, U. E., Schmidt, A., Colledge, F., & Walter, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.751550 · Cited by 30
“The most common comorbidities in gambling disorder have been found to be alcohol use disorder, personality disorders, affective disorders, and anxiety disorders (22).”
BackgroundHealth Behaviour and Body Mass Index Among Problem Gamblers: Results from a Nationwide Survey
Algren, M. H., Ekholm, O., Davidsen, M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-013-9437-y · Cited by 30
“among past year problem gamblers also support previous research (Cunningham-Williams et al. 1998; French et al. 2008; Petry et al. 2005; Stewart and Kushner 2005; Welte et al. 2001; Smart and Ferris 1996; Gerstein et al. 1999).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialParent problem gambling: A systematic review of prevention programs for children
Kourgiantakis, T., Stark, S., Lobo, D. S. S., & Tepperman, L. (2016) · Journal of Gambling Issues · doi:10.4309/jgi.2016.33.2 · Cited by 30
Brandt, L., & Fischer, G. (2017) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054717690232 · Cited by 35
A Shorter and Multidimensional Version of the Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (GABS-23)
Challet‐Bouju, G., Hardouin, J.-B., Boutin, C., Gorwood, P. A. P. M., Bourvellec, J.-D. L., Feuillet, F., Vénisse, J.-L., & Grall‐Bronnec, M. (2013) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-012-9356-3 · Cited by 33
“The sex distribution, especially in the treatment seeking group, and the mean age of our sample were closer to the wellknown data about gamblers in the general population (Martins et al. 2004; Ladouceur et al. 2005; Petry et al. 2005), which means that the present sample is more suitable to investigate the validity of…”
BackgroundInfluentialMaintenance of attention and pathological gambling.
Vizcaíno, E. J. V., Fernández‐Navarro, P., Blanco, C., Ponce, G., Navío, M., Moratti, S., & Rubio, G. (2013) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0032656 · Cited by 28
Dimensions of Problem Gambling Behavior Associated with Purchasing Sports Lottery
Li, H., Mao, L. L., Zhang, J. J., Wu, Y., Li, A.-M., & Chen, J. (2011) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-011-9243-3 · Cited by 30
“Research evidence shows that in North America, the prevalence rate of pathological gambling is between 1 and 3% (Cunningham-Williams et al. 2005; Pietrzak and Petry 2005; Shaffer et al. 1999; Westermeyer et al. 2005).”
BackgroundPathological gambling: a neurobiological and clinical update
Bowden‐Jones, H., & Clark, L. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.088146 · Cited by 31
The Dark Triad and Disordered Gambling
Trombly, D. R. C., & Zeigler‐Hill, V. (2016) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-016-9461-z · Cited by 29
Gambling and its clinical correlates in university students
Grant, J. E., Lust, K. A., Christenson, G., Redden, S. A., & Chamberlain, S. R. (2018) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651501.2018.1436715 · Cited by 31
“The rate of GD was somewhat lower than observed in other studies (although not all (Petry et al., 2005)), whereas the rate of problematic gambling was fairly typical (Anagnostopoulos et al., 2017; Nowak, 2017).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDeterminants of gambling among male students in secondary schools in Imo State, Nigeria
Aguocha, C., Duru, C. B., Nwefoh, E. C., Amadi, K. U., Olose, E. O., Igwe, M. N., & Ndukuba, A. C. (2018) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2018.1535006 · Cited by 36
Leino, T. M., Torsheim, T., Griffiths, M. D., & Pallesen, S. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948211042249 · Cited by 29
“[24] and Maccallum and blaszczynski [25]) where two studies have used health registry data [17] or nationally representative samples [4].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialA taxometric analysis of actual internet sports gambling behavior.
Braverman, J., LaBrie, R. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0021404 · Cited by 29
Culture and age influences upon gambling and problem gambling
Subramaniam, M., Abdin, E., Shahwan, S., et al. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2015.04.004 · Cited by 29
“Disordered gambling has s and older. been significantly associated with nicotine dependence (Grant et al., 2009; Petry et al., 2005), and smoking in turn is associatedwith the development of heart disease (Kannel et al., 2000).”
BackgroundBrewer, J. A., Potenza, M. N., & Desai, R. A. (2010) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900000286 · Cited by 29
Young adults' gambling and its association with mental health and substance use problems
Hayatbakhsh, M. R., Clavarino, A. M., Williams, G. M., Bor, W., & Najman, J. M. (2012) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2011.00815.x · Cited by 28
“Among a large national sample from the United States, in a 2001-02 survey, it was found that three-quarters of pathological gamblers also had an alcohol use disorder, 38% had a drug use disorder and 60% were affected by nicotine dependence.(19) The QHGS also found that while only 22% of recreational gamblers report sm…”
BackgroundResultWupperman, P., Cohen, M. G., Haller, D. L., Flom, P. L., Litt, L. C., & Rounsaville, B. J. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22213 · Cited by 29
Maniaci, G., Picone, F., Dimarco, T., Lipari, A., Brancato, A., & Cannizzaro, C. (2015) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-015-9550-5 · Cited by 31
“personality disorders such as antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic disorders (Bagby et al. 2008; Petry et al. 2005; Sacco et al. 2008).”
BackgroundFacilitators and Barriers to Family Involvement in Problem Gambling Treatment
Kourgiantakis, T., Saint‐Jacques, M., & Tremblay, J. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-017-9742-2 · Cited by 28
“…2008; Marshall and Wynne 2003), these families also have elevated rates of separation/divorce (Black et al. 2012), childhood maltreatment, family violence (Afifi et al. 2010), psychological distress (Hodgins et al. 2007a), as well as mental health and substance use disorders (Petry et al. 2005).”
BackgroundDisordered gambling and psychosis: Prevalence and clinical correlates
Cassetta, B. D., Kim, H. S. A., Hodgins, D. C., McGrath, D. S., Tomfohr‐Madsen, L. M., & Tavares, H. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.006 · Cited by 28
“Our results also highlight an even greater vulnerability to comorbid psychopathology in a population that is already at risk for psychiatric comorbidities (e.g., Petry et al., 2005).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Petry, N. M., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F.
- Affiliations
- UConn Health (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Petry, Nancy M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2005-05-15
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 05
- Pages
- 564-574
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2016693718
- Cited by
- 1,245
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 90 · 2014: 96 · 2013: 87 · 2012: 83
- FWCI
- 51.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p50aa003510-27)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P50- AA03510)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060417, R01 MH60417)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA014618, R01-DA14618, R01-DA13444, P50DA009241, R01DA016855, P50-DA-0-9241, R01DA013444)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- gambling addiction, comorbidities, mental illness, alcoholism, drug use disorders, nicotine dependence, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, sex differences, lifetime prevalence, risk factors, National Comorbidity Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Gambling, Health Surveys, Humans, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Substance-Related Disorders, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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