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Comorbidity of DSM-IV Pathological Gambling and Other Psychiatric Disorders: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To present nationally representative data on lifetime prevalence and comorbidity of pathological gambling with other psychiatric disorders and to evaluate sex differences in the strength of the comorbid associations. METHOD: Data were derived from a large national sample of the United States. Some 43,093 household and group quarters residents age 18 years and older participated in the 2001-2002 survey. Prevalence and associations of lifetime pathological gambling and other lifetime psychiatric disorders are presented. The diagnostic interview was the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV Version. Fifteen symptom items operationalized the 10 pathological gambling criteria. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence rate of pathological gambling was 0.42%. Almost three quarters (73.2%) of pathological gamblers had an alcohol use disorder, 38.1% had a drug use disorder, 60.4% had nicotine dependence, 49.6% had a mood disorder, 41.3% had an anxiety disorder, and 60.8% had a personality disorder. A large majority of the associations between pathological gambling and substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders were overwhelmingly positive and significant (p < .05), even after controlling for sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Male sex, black race, divorced/separated/widowed marital status, middle age, and living in the West and Midwest were associated with increased risk for pathological gambling. Further, associations between alcohol dependence, any drug use disorder, drug abuse, nicotine dependence, major depressive episode, and generalized anxiety disorder and pathological gambling were stronger among women than men (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Pathological gambling is highly comorbid with substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders, suggesting that treatment for one condition should involve assessment and possible concomitant treatment for comorbid conditions.
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“Epidemiological research indicates that over 50% of PGs have a lifetime mood disorder, over 40% have a lifetime anxiety disorder, and about 23% have ASPD (Kessler et al. 2008; Petry, Stinson & Grant, 2005).”
From Subtyping Pathological Gamblers Based on Impulsivity, Depression, and Anxiety (2010) · cites this paper as Petry, Stinson & Grant, 2005
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, gambling disorder frequently co-occurs with substance use disorders, particularly alcohol and nicotine, as well as mood and anxiety disorders (Conway, Compton, Stinson, & Grant, 2006; B. F. Grant et al., 2004b; Petry et al., 2005; Ronzitti, Kraus, Hoff, & Potenza, 2018).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“In particular, alcohol and nicotine are the most often misused substances among individuals with gambling pathology (Petry et al., 2005).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“Approximately 37% (range: 14.0% −60.3%) of subthreshold and clinical gamblers suffer from an anxiety disorder (Kessler et al., 2008; Lorains et al., 2011; Petry et al., 2005)”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“Similarly, individuals with nicotine or alcohol related substance use disorders are also more likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for GD compared to the general population (Krmpotich et al., 2015; Petry et al., 2005; Rennert et al., 2014).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“A recent meta-analysis including 11 studies conducted between 1998-2010 reported an average comorbidity rate of 28.1% (range: 9.9% - 73.2%) for alcohol use disorders and 60.1% (range: 34.9% - 76.3%) for nicotine dependence in individuals with subthreshold or clinical gambling severity (Lorains et al., 2011; Petry et al., 2005).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“These effects do not appear to be merely the result of shared environmental risk factors, as supported by the work of Petry and colleagues, which reported that alcohol use disorders were significantly related to gambling disorder even after controlling for sociodemographic variables highly associated with the risk for gambling pathology, including ethnicity, age, sex, marital status and region of”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Petry et al., 2005
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Over-Indebtedness and Problem Gambling in a General Population Sample of Online Gamblers
Håkansson, A., & Widinghoff, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00007 · Cited by 72
Grant, J. E., & Chamberlain, S. R. (2013) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12112 · Cited by 78
“9%.(3,4) Similar rates of gambling disorder have been reported in other countries.”
ResultSacco, P., Torres, L. R., Cunningham‐Williams, R. M., Woods, C. M., & Unick, G. J. (2010) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-010-9209-x · Cited by 72
“Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) suggest that African Americans are at higher risk of PGD (Petry et al. 2005), while Welte and colleagues, also in a nationally-representative study, found higher than average rates of PG/PGD among African…”
BackgroundInfluentialGambling and Problem Gambling Among Young Adolescents in Great Britain
Forrest, D., & McHale, I. G. (2011) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-011-9277-6 · Cited by 70
“Its presence may also suggest other psychological disorders if comorbidity is as common among adolescent as among adult problem gamblers (Petry et al. 2005).”
BackgroundDependência de Internet e de jogos eletrônicos: uma revisão
de Abreu, C. N., Karam, R. G., Góes, D. S., & Spritzer, D. T. (2008) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462008000200014 · Cited by 88
Afifi, T. O., Cox, B. J., Martens, P. J., Sareen, J., & Enns, M. W. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03404366 · Cited by 73
PARHAMI, I., MOJTABAI, R., ROSENTHAL, R. J., AFIFI, T. O., & FONG, T. W. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000450320.98988.7c · Cited by 71
Auer, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-017-9808-1 · Cited by 72
“A small proportion of gamblers become overly involved in terms of the amount of money and time they spend (e.g., Kessler et al. 2008; Petry et al. 2005).”
Shenassa, E. D., Paradis, A. D., Dolan, S. L., Wilhelm, C. S., & Buka, S. L. (2012) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03571.x · Cited by 72
Bischof, A., Meyer, C., Bischof, G., Kastirke, N., John, U., & Rumpf, H. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.07.026 · Cited by 76
“In comparison with the NESARC data (Petry et al., 2005), the lifetime prevalence of alcohol use disorders among pathological gamblers was lower (PAGE: 61.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPathologic gambling and bankruptcy
Grant, J. E., Schreiber, L. R. N., Odlaug, B. L., & Kim, S. W. (2009) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.04.002 · Cited by 71
Reingle, J. M., Jennings, W. G., Connell, N. M., Businelle, M. S., & Chartier, K. G. (2014) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260514527172 · Cited by 72
Comorbid Problem Gambling and Major Depression in a Community Sample
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Husky, M. M., Michel, G., Richard, J., Guignard, R., & Beck, F. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.011 · Cited by 71
“Problem gambling is also associated with a wide range of psychiatric disorders including substance use disorders, anxiety and mood disorders as well as personality disorders (Cunningham-Williams, Cottler, Compton, & Spitznagel, 1998; Petry et al., 2005; Welte et al., 2001).”
BackgroundDel Prete, F., Steward, T., Navas, J. F., Fernández-Aranda, F., Jiménez-Murcia, S., Oei, T. P. S., & Perales, J. C. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.001 · Cited by 70
Impulse Control Disorders and Pathological Gambling in Patients With Parkinson Disease
Stamey, W., & Jankovic, J. J. (2008) · The Neurologist · doi:10.1097/nrl.0b013e31816606a7 · Cited by 68
“42%.(12) A meta-analysis of 119 published prevalence (per 100,000 population) studies estimated the lifetime frequency of “disordered gambling” in Canada and United States to be 6.”
BackgroundHellberg, S. N., Levit, J. D., & Robinson, M. J. F. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.036 · Cited by 70
“ported as one of the most commonly misused substances by individuals with GD, with rates of alcohol use disorder two to nine times greater amongst individuals with GD than in the general population [16,17].”
BackgroundShared genetic contributions to anxiety disorders and pathological gambling in a male population
Giddens, J. L., Xian, H., Scherrer, J. F., Eisen, S. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.008 · Cited by 70
“Both PG andADs frequently co-occurwith eachother (Petry et al., 2005).”
Severity of gambling is associated with severity of depressive symptoms in pathological gamblers
Thomsen, K. R., Callesen, M. B., Linnet, J., Kringelbach, M. L., & Møller, A. (2009) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283305e7a · Cited by 73
“7% (Petry et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 2008), which is relatively low.”
McCormick, J., Delfabbro, P., & Denson, L. (2012) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-011-9281-x · Cited by 77
“…HomeEnvt 0.860 1.018 0.845 .398 Total stress / Total HomeEnvt -1.466 0.925 -1.584 .113 SE Standard error, total SS total sensation seeking, Total LSC Total life stressor checklist norms on a range of psychological indicators (e.g., el-Guebaly et al. 2006; Petry et al. 2005; Taber et al. 1987).”
BackgroundInfluentialPlanzer, S., Gray, H. M., & Shaffer, H. J. (2013) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.11.002 · Cited by 70
“, 2008; Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2005); psychiatric co-morbidity (Petry et al., 2005); and genetic influences (Williams & Potenza, 2008).”
Pathological gambling and the loss of willpower: a neurocognitive perspective
Brevers, D., & Noël, X. (2013) · Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology · doi:10.3402/snp.v3i0.21592 · Cited by 80
Luczak, S. E., Khoddam, R., Yu, S., Wall, T. L., Schwartz, A., & Sussman, S. Y. (2016) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12464 · Cited by 69
“2% for a drug use disorder in the past-year.(40) Among past-year tobacco users, co-use of alcohol in the past year was 81.”
Molde, H., Holmøy, B., Merkesdal, A. G., Torsheim, T., Mentzoni, R. A., Hanns, D., Sagoe, D., & Pallesen, S. (2018) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-018-9781-z · Cited by 70
“Gambling problems are more common among some subsets of the general population, such as younger people, male gender, single or divorced/separated marital status, and low socioeconomic status (Toneatto and Nguyen 2007; Petry et al. 2005).”
BackgroundKaare, P.-R., Mõttus, R., & Konstabel, K. (2009) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-009-9119-y · Cited by 61
At-risk for pathological gambling: imaging neural reward processing under chronic dopamine agonists
Abler, B., Hahlbrock, R., Unrath, A., Grön, G., & Kassubek, J. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp170 · Cited by 69
“While the prevalence for PG in the general population is estimated 0.5% in the USA (Petry et al., 2005) and 0.2% in Germany (Meyer, 2007), 4–8% of patients with Parkinson’s disease taking DA are reported to show PG behaviour (Gallagher et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialExpanding the Scope of Dual Diagnosis and Co-Addictions: Behavioral Addictions
Freimuth, M., Waddell, M., Stannard, J., Kelley, S., Kipper, A., Richardson, A., & Szuromi, I. (2008) · Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery · doi:10.1080/15560350802424944 · Cited by 67
Gambling Involvement among Native Americans, Blacks and Whites in the United States
Barnes, G. M., Welte, J. W., & Tidwell, M. O. (2017) · The American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12601 · Cited by 68
Sundqvist, K., & Rosendahl, I. K. (2019) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-019-09851-2 · Cited by 67
de Greck, M., Enzi, B., Prösch, U., Gantman, A. P., Tempelmann, C., & Northoff, G. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20981 · Cited by 67
“Depressive mood is a well known comorbidity in pathological gambling [Petry et al., 2005].”
BackgroundRush, B. R., Veldhuizen, S., & Adlaf, E. M. (2007) · Journal of Gambling Issues · doi:10.4309/jgi.2007.20.6 · Cited by 68
“Whereas younger age is usually associated with a higher risk of problem gambling (National Research Council, 1999), some studies have reported higher risk in the middle age categories (Smart & Ferris, 1996; Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2005 ).”
BackgroundThe Longitudinal Relationships Between Psychiatric Disorders and Gambling Disorders
Hartmann, M., & Blaszczynski, A. P. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-016-9705-z · Cited by 72
“…both in clinical (Delfabbro 2011; Dowling et al. 2015; Ibáñez et al. 2001; Petry 2005; Soberay et al. 2014; Zimmerman et al. 2006), large scale community (Haw 2009; Nower et al. 2004a) and population studies (Desai and Potenza 2008; Kessler et al. 2008; Petry et al. 2005; Pietrzak et al. 2007).”
BackgroundHellberg, S. N., Russell, T. I., & Robinson, M. J. F. (2019) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-018-00662-3 · Cited by 65
“…which reported that alcohol-use disorders were significantly related to gambling disorder even after controlling for sociodemographic variables highly associated with the risk for gambling pathology, including ethnicity, age, sex, marital status, and region of origin (Petry et al., 2005).”
InfluentialPetry, N. M. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024782 · Cited by 67
Self-citationWithdrawal and Tolerance Phenomenon in Problem Gambling
Blaszczynski, A. P., WALKER, M. D., Sharpe, L., & Nower, L. (2008) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459790802140007 · Cited by 67
“In a recent national study of 43,000 individuals in the USA, 73.2% of pathological gamblers also met criteria for an alcohol use disorder (Petry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialNeurocognitive dysfunction in strategic and non-strategic gamblers
Grant, J. E., Odlaug, B. L., Chamberlain, S. R., & Schreiber, L. R. N. (2012) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.006 · Cited by 75
“Epidemiological studies estimate that the prevalence of lifetime pathological gambling among adults in the United States is 0.4–1.5% (Cunningham-Williams et al., 1998; Petry et al., 2005; Shaffer et al., 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialGrall‐Bronnec, M., Wainstein, L., Feuillet, F., Challet‐Bouju, G., Rocher, B., Vénisse, J.-L., & Sebille, V. (2011) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-011-9258-9 · Cited by 66
“…d if fe re n ce s ar e si g n ifi ca n t p p -v al u e, * p -v al u e \ 0 .0 5 , * * p -v al u e \ 0 .0 1 , * * * p -v al u e \ 0 .0 0 1 S U D su b st an ce u se d is o rd er Grall-Bronnec et al. 2010; Hollander et al. 2000; Kruedelbach et al. 2006; Lesieur and Rosenthal 1991; Petry et al. 2005).”
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“The Australian Productivity Commission (2010)”
Impulsive and Compulsive Behaviors in Parkinson's Disease
Averbeck, B. B., O’Sullivan, S. S., & Djamshidian, A. (2013) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153705 · Cited by 73
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“In terms of substance use disorders, estimates of lifetime rates in community and clinical samples of pathological gamblers range from 25 to 73% (Crockford and el-Guebaly 1998; el-Guebaly et al. 2006; Petry et al. 2005; Welte et al. 2001).”
BackgroundPrevalence and correlates of problem gambling in people with psychotic disorders
Haydock, M., Cowlishaw, S., Harvey, C. A., & Castle, D. J. (2015) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.01.003 · Cited by 65
Blanco, C., Myers, J. R., & Kendler, K. S. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711001401 · Cited by 64
“For example, prior research has shown that most individuals who gamble do not develop DG (Petry et al. 2005 ; Kessler et al. 2008), suggesting that the determinants of gambling initiation differ from those of progression to DG.”
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Weinstock, J., Mulhauser, K. R. W., Oremus, E. G., & D’Agostino, A. R. (2016) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2016.1182570 · Cited by 64
“The etiology and maintenance of gambling disorders is informed by genetic predispositions (Slutske, Ellingson, Richmond-Rakerd, Zhu, & Martin, 2013), availability of gambling (Sévigny, Ladouceur, Jacques, & Cantinotti, 2008), co-morbid psychiatric disorders (Petry et al., 2005) and psychosocial and demographic factors…”
BackgroundBuchanan, T. W., McMullin, S. D., Baxley, C., & Weinstock, J. (2019) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.09.004 · Cited by 66
The Cambridge Handbook of Substance and Behavioral Addictions
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The irrelevancy of game-type in the acquisition, development, and maintenance of problem gambling
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“Furthermore, there are significant co-morbidities with problem gambling, including depression, alcoholism, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors (Petry et al., 2005; Desai and Potenza, 2008).”
BackgroundAfifi, T. O., Nicholson, R., Martins, S. S., & Sareen, J. (2016) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743715625950 · Cited by 63
Pathological gambling subtypes.
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“4 for anxiety and mood disorders, respectively (Petry et al., 2005), and PG has more substantial genetic correlations with depression than with any other psychiatric disorder (Potenza, Xian, Shah, Scherrer, & Eisen, 2005).”
BackgroundMethodGamblers seeking treatment: Who does and who doesn't?
Braun, B., Ludwig, M., Sleczka, P., Bühringer, G., & Kraus, L. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/jba.3.2014.3.7 · Cited by 66
“(3) Rates of co-morbid substance use disorders are elevated for PGr in treatment (Nett et al., 2003; Petry, 2005; Petry, Stinson & Grant, 2005; Specker, Carlson, Edmunson, Johnson & Marcotte, 1996).”
BackgroundChild maltreatment and problem gambling: A systematic review
Lane, W. G., Sacco, P., Downton, K. D., Ludeman, E. M., Levy, L. B., & Tracy, J. K. (2016) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.003 · Cited by 70
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“The personality literature on pathological gambling (PG) is at a more nascent stage, at least compared to the literature on the aforementioned externalizing behaviors with which PG tends to be comorbid (e.g., Petry et al., 2005).”
Internet Gamblers: A Latent Class Analysis of Their Behaviours and Health Experiences
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“bling in the clinic and the efficacy of available therapies (Petry et al. 2005).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSlutske, W. S., Meier, M. H., Zhu, G., Statham, D. J., Blaszczynski, A. P., & Martin, N. G. (2009) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.12.1.63 · Cited by 62
“National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).”
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“PGD had been reported to be strongly associated with diagnoses of personality disorders, bipolar disorders, substance-use disorders and panic disorders (Petry et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 2008).”
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Eisinger, R. S., Ramirez‐Zamora, A., Carbunaru, S., Ptak, B., Peng-Chen, Z., Okun, M. S., & Gunduz, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00086 · Cited by 62
The role of dopamine pharmacotherapy and addiction-like behaviors in Parkinson’s disease
Napier, T. C., Kirby, A. E., & Persons, A. L. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109942 · Cited by 60
Predictors of Outcome among Pathological Gamblers Receiving Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy
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Decision-Making, Reward-Seeking Behaviors and Dopamine Agonist Therapy in Restless Legs Syndrome
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Psychological Factors that Promote and Inhibit Pathological Gambling
Morasco, B. J., Weinstock, J., Ledgerwood, D. M., & Petry, N. M. (2007) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.02.005 · Cited by 73
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“…with problem-gambling severity and psychiatric morbidity (Compton, Thomas, Stinson, & Grant, 2007; Hasin, Stinson, Ogburn, & Grant, 2007; Kessler, Chiu, Demler, Merikangas, & Walters, 2005b; Petry et al., 2005), it is possible that attrition results in an underestimation of incident cases.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCognitive status of patients with Parkinson’s disease and pathological gambling
Siri, C., Cilia, R., Gaspari, D. D., Canesi, M., Meucci, N., Zecchinelli, A., Pezzoli, G., & Antonini, A. (2009) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-009-5301-5 · Cited by 57
“This is consistent with general epidemiology of gambling [30] and it may be associated with the relatively enhanced responsiveness Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics”
BackgroundAn analysis of problem gambling among the Finnish working-age population: a population survey
Castrén, S., Basnet, S., Pankakoski, M., Ronkainen, J.-E., Helakorpi, S., Uutela, A. K., Alho, H., & Lahti, T. A. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-519 · Cited by 58
Rumpf, H., Brandt, D. M., Demetrovics, Z., Billieux, J., Carragher, N., Brand, M., Bowden‐Jones, H., Rahimi‐Movaghar, A., Assanangkornchai, S., Tkalić, R. G., et al. (2019) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-019-00262-2 · Cited by 72
The paradoxical relationship between emotion regulation and gambling-related cognitive biases
de Lara, C. M. R., Navas, J. F., & Perales, J. C. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220668 · Cited by 60
Pathological gambling and the DSM-V
Petry, N. M. (2010) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2010.501086 · Cited by 58
Self-citationTowards a comprehensive developmental model of pathological gambling
Blanco, C., Hanania, J., Petry, N. M., Wall, M. M., Wang, S., Jin, C. J., & Kendler, K. S. (2015) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12946 · Cited by 57
Self-citationMedeiros, G. C., Leppink, E. W., Yaemi, A., Mariani, M., Tavares, H., & Grant, J. E. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.032 · Cited by 56
Edgerton, J. D., Melnyk, T. S., & Roberts, L. W. (2014) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-014-9501-2 · Cited by 64
“…of problem gambling with other mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and drug and alcohol dependence (e.g. Barnes et al. 2005; Crockford and el-Guebaly 1998; Hayatbakhsh et al. 2012; MacCallum and Blaszczynski 2002; Petry et al. 2005), our results were mixed on this account.”
BackgroundResultThe role of dopamine in risk taking: a specific look at Parkinson’s disease and gambling
Clark, C. A., & Dagher, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00196 · Cited by 69
“The high comorbidity between substance dependence (drugs and alcohol) and pathological gambling (Petry, 2001a; Petry et al., 2005), and evidence for common genetic factors, point to the two disorders having overlapping etiologies (Slutske et al.”
BackgroundSlutske, W. S., Piasecki, T. M., Deutsch, A. R., Statham, D. J., & Martin, N. G. (2014) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12717 · Cited by 60
“Building on previous research demonstrating that an early age of gambling initiation [17–19], type of gambling activity [20] and co-occurring psychiatric disorder [18,20,21] are associated with an increased risk of developing DG, we also examined whether these factors would predict a shorter time to the onset of gambl…”
Kennedy, S. H., Welsh, B. R., Fulton, K. A., Soczynska, J. K., McIntyre, R. S., O’Donovan, C., Milev, R. V., Mellédo, J. L., Bisserbe, J. C., Zimmerman, M. A., et al. (2010) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371005500905 · Cited by 56
Metacognitions in Problem Gambling
Lindberg, A., Fernie, B. A., & Spada, M. M. (2010) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-010-9193-1 · Cited by 57
“problem gambling (Crockford and el-Guebaly 1998; Petry et al. 2005).”
Wu, K., Politis, M., & Piccini, P. (2009) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2008.075820 · Cited by 55
“The prevalence of ICDs in patients with PD ranges from 5.9% to 13.7%, with a point prevalence of ∼4%.”
BackgroundInfluentialProblematisches und pathologisches Spielverhalten bei Glücksspielen
Meyer, G., & Hayer, T. (2010) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-010-1039-6 · Cited by 55
Mental Health and Online, Land-Based and Mixed Gamblers
Blaszczynski, A. P., Russell, A. M. T., Gainsbury, S., & Hing, N. (2015) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-015-9528-z · Cited by 56
Suicidal events among pathological gamblers: The role of comorbidity of axis I and axis II disorders
Bischof, A., Meyer, C., Bischof, G., John, U., Wurst, F. M., Thon, N., Lucht, M. J., Grabe, H. J., & Rumpf, H. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.074 · Cited by 54
“, 2014) and on the association of pathological gambling and comorbidity (Petry et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 2008; Bischof et al., 2013) the association of suicidal events and treatment utilization may be explained by more awareness or by an increased impairment.”
BackgroundProblem gambling in bipolar disorder: Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey
McIntyre, R. S., McElroy, S. L., Konarski, J. Z., Soczynska, J. K., Wilkins, K., & Kennedy, S. H. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.12.005 · Cited by 59
“Naturalistic Petry et al. (2005) Total N=43 093 AUDADIS-IV 22.”
BackgroundAlexithymia and Gambling: A Risk Factor for All Gamblers?
Bonnaire, C., Bungener, C., & Varescon, I. (2012) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-012-9297-x · Cited by 54
“Thus, dysfunctional personality traits like impulsivity and emotional dysregulation have been associated with pathological gambling (Petry et al. 2005; C. Bonnaire C. Bungener I. Varescon Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Psychology, Psychological Institute of Paris…”
BackgroundDang, D., Cunnington, D., & Swieca, J. (2011) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0b013e31820d6699 · Cited by 53
Shame mediates the relationship between depression and addictive behaviours
Bilevicius, E., Single, A. N., Bristow, L. A., Foot, M., Ellery, M., Keough, M. T., & Johnson, E. A. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.023 · Cited by 55
The blurred future of adolescent gamblers: Impulsivity, time horizon, and emotional distress
Nigro, G., Cosenza, M., & Ciccarelli, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00486 · Cited by 52
“These findings further support previous research reporting a stronger association between gambling severity and both depression and anxiety disorders in women than in men (Getty et al., 2000; Petry et al., 2005; SteMarie et al., 2006; Kessler et al., 2008; e.g., Desai and Potenza, 2008; Williams et al., 2012; see also…”
ResultWeiss, L. M., & Petry, N. M. (2008) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31816a4982 · Cited by 52
“In epidemiological studies, almost one third of individuals who were identified as pathological gamblers also had alcohol dependence (Gerstein et al., 1999; Petry et al., 2005; Welte et al., 2001).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBlanco, C., García‐Anaya, M., Wall, M. M., Cobos, J. P. D. L., Swierad, E., Wang, S., & Petry, N. M. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.018 · Cited by 54
Self-citationCharacteristics of Treatment Seeking Problem Gamblers with Adult ADHD
Reid, R. C., Campos, M. D., Selochan, N., & FONG, T. W. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-018-9986-5 · Cited by 53
Gambling in S pain: update on experience, research and policy
Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Granero, R., & Menchón, J. M. (2013) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12232 · Cited by 53
Scherrer, J. F., Slutske, W. S., Xian, H., Waterman, B. M., Shah, K. R., Volberg, R. A., & Eisen, S. A. (2007) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01833.x · Cited by 52
Pathological Gambling: Neuropsychopharmacology and Treatment
Bullock, S. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2012) · Current Psychopharmacologye · doi:10.2174/2211556011201010067 · Cited by 55
“, tobacco and alcohol) and other psychiatric disorders [1-4] making gambling important to understand within a public health framework.”
BackgroundBarnes, G. M., Welte, J. W., Hoffman, J. H., & Tidwell, M. O. (2011) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00116.x · Cited by 56
Anxiety, Depression and Emotion Regulation Among Regular Online Poker Players
Barrault, S., Bonnaire, C., & Herrmann, F. (2017) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-017-9669-3 · Cited by 53
“As the prevalence and characteristics of problem gambling may differ between men and women (Petry et al. 2005), we conducted a statistical analysis to determine whether the women in our sample obtained significantly different scores than men.”
Impulse control disorders in Parkinson’ disease: the role of personality and cognitive status
Poletti, M., & Bonuccelli, U. (2012) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6506-6 · Cited by 51
“For example, pathological gamblers are four times more likely than non-pathological gamblers to experience a mood disorder in their lifetime and three times more likely to have had an anxiety disorder [51]; moreover, 50 % of pathological gamblers have had a mood disorder and 41 % have had an anxiety disorder [52].”
BackgroundMood-as-input hypothesis and perseverative psychopathologies
Meeten, F., & Davey, G. C. L. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.08.002 · Cited by 52
Salonen, A. H., Castrén, S., Alho, H., & Lahti, T. A. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-398 · Cited by 53
FDG-PET Study in Pathological Gamblers
Hollander, E., Buchsbaum, M. S., Haznedar, M. M., Berenguer, J., Berlin, H. A., Chaplin, W. F., Goodman, C. R., LiCalzi, E. M., Newmark, R. E., & Pallanti, S. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000154478 · Cited by 52
Pathological gambling in Parkinson's disease—a review of the literature
Djamshidian, A., Cardoso, F., Grosset, D. G., Bowden‐Jones, H., & Lees, A. J. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23821 · Cited by 56
“Resting cerebral perfusion measured via single-photon emission computed tomography showed enhanced activation in the orbitofrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, the insula, and the ventral pallidum in PD patients with PG.”
BackgroundInfluentialCommunity College and University Student Gambling Beliefs, Motives, and Behaviors
Sherba, R. T., & Gersper, B. E. (2016) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668926.2016.1233142 · Cited by 51
““Race” was included in the model based on findings that noted racial minorities as more likely to have at-risk/problem gambling status than Whites (Barnes et al., 2010; Locke et al., 2013; McComb & Hanson, 2009; Petry et al., 2005).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSpada, M. M., & Roarty, A. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2015.02.001 · Cited by 51
“Negative affect was included as a control variable as it has been shown to correlate highly with problem gambling (Petry et al., 2005).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Petry, N. M., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F.
- Affiliations
- UConn Health (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Petry, Nancy M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2005-05-15
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 05
- Pages
- 564-574
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2016693718
- Cited by
- 1,245
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 90 · 2014: 96 · 2013: 87 · 2012: 83
- FWCI
- 51.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p50aa003510-27)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P50- AA03510)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060417, R01 MH60417)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA014618, R01-DA14618, R01-DA13444, P50DA009241, R01DA016855, P50-DA-0-9241, R01DA013444)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- gambling addiction, comorbidities, mental illness, alcoholism, drug use disorders, nicotine dependence, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, sex differences, lifetime prevalence, risk factors, National Comorbidity Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Gambling, Health Surveys, Humans, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Substance-Related Disorders, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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