Engineered cyanobacteria: Teaching an old bug new tricks
Open accessAbstract
Cyanobacteria have played an important role in the development of the Earth and have long been studied as model organisms for photosynthesis and the circadian rhythm. Recent developments have led to increased interest in the use of engineered cyanobacteria for the production of protein and chemical products. This review highlights the genetic tools and strategies for manipulation of cyanobacteria as well as previous accomplishments in the development of engineered cyanobacteria for applied use. Particular attention is given to the engineering of cyanobacteria for biofuel production, including both hydrocarbon and hydrogen fuels. Genetic engineering efforts to enhance cyanobacterial fitness are reviewed with an emphasis on physiological improvements for large-scale production. Lastly, a future outlook on engineered cyanobacteria is presented, highlighting the future areas of focus and technical challenges in this field. With the uncertainty of future energy security, it is an exciting time in applied cyanobacterial research, but we must take the time to learn from these past accomplishments before we can capitalize on the potential of these photosynthetic microorganisms.
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Development of basic genetic engineering technologies for key species of microalgae has traditionally lagged behind more established microbial systems such as E. coli and yeast, but the last few years has seen rapid developments in microalgal synthetic biology.
“Whilst the development of basic genetic engineering technologies for key species of microalgae (e.g. those listed in Table 1) has traditionally lagged behind more established microbial systems such as E. coli and yeast (Ruffing, 2011; Spicer and Purton, 2016) the last few years has seen rapid developments in microalgal synthetic biology.”
From Cyanobacteria and microalgae in supporting human habitation on Mars (2022) · cites this paper as Ruffing, 2011
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“…engineering technologies for key species of microalgae (e.g. those listed in Table 1) has traditionally lagged behind more established microbial systems such as E. coli and yeast (Ruffing, 2011; Spicer and Purton, 2016) the last few years has seen rapid developments in microalgal synthetic biology.”
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- Authors
- Ruffing, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Sandia National Laboratories (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ruffing, Anne M.
- ORCID
- Ruffing, Anne M.
- Venue
- Bioengineered Bugs
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 136-149
- ISSN
- 1949-1018 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-1026
- OpenAlex
- W2089057311
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Bioengineered Bugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Sandia National Laboratories (94AL85000)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Keywords
- biofuel production, biohydrogen, oil and gas production, photosynthetic microorganisms, genetic instruments, energy security
- MeSH terms
- Cyanobacteria, Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, Recombinant Proteins, Biofuels
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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