A Pragmatic View of Thematic Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Ethnographic interviews have become a commonly used qualitat ive methodology for collecting data (Aronson, 1992). Once the information is gathered, res earchers are faced with the decision on how to analyze the data. There are many ways to anal yze informants' talk about their experiences (Mahrer, 1988; Spradley, 1979; Taylor & Bogdan, 1984), a nd thematic analysis is one such way. Although thematic analysis has been described (Benner, 1985; Leininger, 1985; Taylor & Board, 1984), there is insufficient literature that outlines the pragmatic process of thematic analysis. This article attempts to outline the procedure for perform ing a thematic analysis.
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“The final step of this thematic analysis is to build a valid argument for choosing the themes (Aronson, 1995), which is achieved throughout the findings section where the relationships between themes and sub-themes are explained.”
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“A modified thematic analysis ( Aronson, 1994 ) was subsequently performed in the search for recurrent themes.”
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“The coding process of thematic analysis involves recognising patterns from the data and encoding them prior to the process of interpretation (Aronson, 1994; Boyatzis, 1998).”
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BackgroundGoodkind, J. R., Hess, J. M., Gorman, B., & Parker, D. P. (2012) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732312450324 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“We used thematic analysis to code the data (Aronson, 1994).”
MethodPedrana, A., Hellard, M., Gold, J., Ata, N., Chang, S., Howard, S., Asselin, J., Ilic, O., Batrouney, C., & Stoové, M. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2334 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Transcripts were analyzed thematically to assess participant engagement with QAF [34-36].”
MethodUnderstanding children's sedentary behaviour: a qualitative study of the family home environment.
Granich, J., Rosenberg, M., Knuiman, M., & Timperio, A. (2010) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyn025 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Thematic content analysis [ 41 ] was used to analyse focus group and family interview transcripts using the software program NVivo Version 2.0 (QSR NU*DIST Vivo) [42].”
MethodInfluentialDalla, R. L. (2006) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00296.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Data from the two groups were then analyzed separately using Thematic Analysis (Aronson, 1994; Taylor & Bogdan, 1984).”
MethodAsiodu, I., Waters, C., Dailey, D. E., & Lyndon, A. (2017) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-016-2167-x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“Thematic analysis is a widely used qualitative method for examining, describing, and analyzing cluster patterns found within data (Aronson 1994; Braun and Clarke 2006).”
Houghton, J. D., Wu, J.-P., Godwin, J. L., Neck, C. P., & Manz, C. C. (2012) · Organizational Behavior Teaching Review · doi:10.1177/1052562911430205 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“Once again applying thematic analysis (Aronson, 1994), we analyzed these assignments from several of our classes over several semesters and found an identifiable theme regarding the effectiveness of emotion relation and self-leadership strategies for facilitating student stress coping.”
MethodMajid, U., Wasim, A., Bakshi, S., & Truong, J. (2020) · Public Understanding of Science · doi:10.1177/0963662520963365 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Mbaiwa, J., & Stronza, A. (2011) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.009 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Behind the scenes of digital servitization: Actualising IoT-enabled affordances
Naik, P., Schroeder, A., Kapoor, K., Bigdeli, A. Z., & Baines, T. (2020) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.03.010 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Open data outcomes: U.S. cities between product and process innovation
Mergel, I., Kleibrink, A., & Sörvik, J. (2018) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2018.09.004 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“emerging themes, the previously derived closed codes and any emergent topics that were raised in addition to the initial set of codes (Aronson, 1995; Strauss & Corbin, 1997).”
BackgroundMethodClough, A. S., Draughon, J. E., Njie-Carr, V. P. S., Rollins, C. M., & Glass, N. E. (2013) · Qualitative Social Work · doi:10.1177/1473325013503003 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“Using a qualitative descriptive thematic analysis based in both interpretive description (Thorne et al., 1997) and naturalistic inquiry (Aronson, 1994), the authors first conducted a systematic reading of all transcribed narratives in order to gain a global understanding of the content and context…”
BackgroundMethodInternationalisation of higher education curriculum: the contribution of international students
Sawir, E. (2013) · Globalisation Societies and Education · doi:10.1080/14767724.2012.750477 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Alabed, A., Javornik, A., Gregory‐Smith, D., & Casey, R. (2023) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-01-2023-0037 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Alianmoghaddam, N., Phibbs, S., & Benn, C. (2018) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2018.05.008 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Tangible bots: interaction with active tangibles in tabletop interfaces
Pedersen, E., & Hornbæk, K. (2011) · International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1978942.1979384 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“Analysis of video was done collaboratively between the authors to identify significant themes (as in [1]).”
Drone Chi: Somaesthetic Human-Drone Interaction
Delfa, J. L., Baytaş, M. A., Patibanda, R., Ngari, H., Khot, R. A., & Mueller, F. (2020) · International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376786 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“We employed thematic analysis [11, 4, 25] to build themes that consolidate aspects of experiential qualities expressed by participants in diverse ways.”
MethodLorgelly, P., Lorimer, K., Fenwick, E., Briggs, A., & Anand, P. (2015) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.08.002 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The complexities of supporting Asian international pre‐service teachers as they undertake practicum
Spooner-Lane, R. S., Tangen, D., & Campbell, M. (2009) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/13598660802530776 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“Using direct quotes, each researcher recorded all the issues that were discussed in relation to the research areas of interest before identifying common patterns of experience (Aronson, 1994).”
BackgroundRunswick-Cole, K. (2008) · British Journal of Special Education · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8578.2008.00390.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“The transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis (Aronson, 1994).”
MethodExperiences of living with a malignant fungating wound: a qualitative study.
Lo, S.-F., Hu, W.-Y., Hayter, M., Chang, S.-C., Hsu, M.-Y., & Wu, L.-Y. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02482.x · Cited by 89
Refugee claimant women and barriers to health and social services post-birth
Merry, L. A., Gagnon, A. J., Kalim, N., & Bouris, S. S. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03404050 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
It's My Data! Tensions Among Stakeholders of a Learning Analytics Dashboard
Sun, K., Mhaidli, A. H., Watel, S., Brooks, C. A., & Schaub, F. (2019) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3290605.3300824 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“For the advisor and student groups, we conducted thematic coding [2, 33].”
MethodA qualitative study of noise sensitivity in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Landon, J., Shepherd, D., & Lodhia, V. (2016) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2016.08.005 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
- Authors
- Aronson, J.
- Affiliations
- Nova Southeastern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aronson, Jodi
- Venue
- The Qualitative Report
- Publisher
- Nova Southeastern University
- Published
- 1995-04-01
- ISSN
- 1052-0147 (ISSN-L)
- 2160-3715
- OpenAlex
- W1557001362
- Cited by
- 1,758
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 132 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 105 · 2017: 88 · 2016: 107 · 2015: 106 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 120 · 2012: 122
- FWCI
- 4.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Qualitative Report (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Focus Groups and Qualitative Methods
- Keywords
- thematic analysis, ethnographic interviews, qualitative data analysis, interview analysis, coding procedures
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