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From Smoke and Mirrors to Walking the Talk: Decoupling in the Contemporary World
Abstract
The pervasive spread of rationalizing trends in society, such as the growing influence of managerial sciences and increasing emphases on accountability and transparency, has created significant changes in organizations’ external environments. As a result, there is growing pressure on organizations to align their policies and practices, and to conform to pressures in an expanding array of domains, from protecting the natural world to promoting employee morale. In this context, we reconsider the concept of decoupling as it applies to organizations. Through a review and critique of existing research, we argue that the common understanding of decoupling—as a gap between policy and practice—obscures the rise of a more prevalent and consequential form of decoupling—a gap between means and ends. We describe when to expect both policy–practice and means–ends decoupling, and we indicate promising areas for research. The major consequences of this overlooked form of decoupling are that in an effort to monitor and evaluate activities where the relationship between means and ends is opaque, (a) internal organizational structures become increasingly complex, (b) organizations persist in a state of perpetual reform, and (c) resources are often diverted away from core goals.
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“Research has indicated that this is possible provided internal and external audiences play along with the ambitions, take the goals seriously while demanding follow-up action (e.g., Haack, Schoeneborn, & Wickert, 2012;Livesey & Graham, 2007; see also Bromley & Powell, 2012).”
From Timely hypocrisy? Hypocrisy temporalities in CSR communication (2020) · cites this paper as Bromley & Powell, 2012
In the citing paper
“Tensions and inconsistencies are potential resources for change because they empower stakeholders with ammunition to demand better practices (Bromley & Powell, 2012).”
From Timely hypocrisy? Hypocrisy temporalities in CSR communication (2020) · cites this paper as Bromley & Powell, 2012
In the citing paper
“Research has indicated, however, that policies intended at the outset to be purely symbolic may over time become more integrated or”
From Timely hypocrisy? Hypocrisy temporalities in CSR communication (2020) · cites this paper as Bromley & Powell, 2012
In the citing paper
“If diversity managers, women in management and liberal officials and judges promote diversity programs that do not increase diversity then we may need to understand policy failure as the consequence of a mismatch between means and ends (Bromley and Powell, 2012).”
From Are Diversity Programs Merely Ceremonial? Evidence-Free Institutionalization (2017) · cites this paper as Bromley and Powell, 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bromley, P., & Powell, W. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Venue
- Academy of Management Annals
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 483-530
- ISSN
- 1941-6067 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-6520
- OpenAlex
- W4241062781
- Cited by
- 1,656
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 416 · 2025: 200 · 2024: 139 · 2023: 127 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 138 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 71.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Annals (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Public Policy and Administration Research
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
- Keywords
- decoupling, means-ends decoupling, policy-practice gap, organizational rationalization, managerialism, accountability, transparency, organizational complexity, organizational reform, resource allocation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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