Explaining bias against Black leaders: integrating theory on information processing and goal-based stereotyping
Abstract
Approaches related to inference-based processing (e.g., romance-of-leadership theory) would suggest that black leaders are evaluated positively after success. In contrast, approaches related to recognition-based processing (e.g., leader categorization theory) would suggest that, because of stereotyping, black leaders are evaluated negatively regardless of their performance. To reconcile this discrepancy, we predicted that evaluators would engage in goal-based stereotyping by perceiving that black leaders—and not white leaders—fail because of negative leader-based attributes and succeed because of positive nonleader attributes (i.e., compensatory stereotypes). Multilevel analyses of archival data in the context of college football in the United States supported our predictions.
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Research into minority leaders is scant although it is increasing.
“However, unlike the research examining gender and leadership, research into minority leaders is scant although it is increasing (Carton & Rosette, 2011).”
From Managing to clear the air: Stereotype threat, women, and leadership (2016) · cites this paper as Carton & Rosette, 2011
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- Authors
- Carton, A. M., & Rosette, A. S.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Venue
- Academy of Management Journal
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1141-1158
- ISSN
- 0001-4273 (ISSN-L)
- 1948-0989
- OpenAlex
- W2047151391
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 16.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Diversity and Inequality
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sports, Gender, and Society
- Keywords
- information processing, leader evaluation, college football coaches, racial stereotypes, performance evaluation (human resources)
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