Persistent Sleep Disturbance: A Risk Factor for Recurrent Depression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Lee, Eun; Cho, Hyong Jin; Olmstead, Richard; Levin, Myron J.; Oxman, Michael N.; Irwin, Michael R.

doi:10.5665/sleep.3128

Cited by 113Sleep and related disordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesAging, Health, and Disability

Persistent Sleep Disturbance: A Risk Factor for Recurrent Depression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

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Lee, Eun, Cho, Hyong Jin, Olmstead, Richard, Levin, Myron J., Oxman, Michael N., Irwin, Michael R.·2013·Sleep

DOI 10.5665/sleep.3128PMC PMC3792386

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Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the associations between the temporal and severity characteristics of sleep disturbance and subsequent depression in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study with assessment of sleep disturbance and depression at baseline and across 2 years of follow-up. SETTING: Three urban communities in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling older adults in whom prior depression (n = 145), current depression (n = 68), or never mentally ill (n = 206) were diagnosed at the baseline assessment. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Major depression at year 2, defined by the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Among patients with either a depression history or current depression at baseline, persistent sleep disturbance throughout year 1 was associated with persistent or recurrent depression at year 2, after adjustment for group status, antidepressant and hypnotic sedative use, severity of depressive symptoms, chronic medical burden, and sociodemographic variables (adjusted odds ratio = 5.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16 to 23.29). Among those who were not depressed at year 1, persistent sleep disturbance throughout year 1 predicted depression recurrence during year 2 (adjusted hazards ratio = 16.05, CI = 1.21 to 213.06), independent of the severity of sleep disturbance. None of the older adults who were never mentally ill developed a depression. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent sleep disturbance during a year-long period is associated with depression the following year. Among older adults with prior depression, identification of those with persistent sleep disturbance may optimize the efficacy of sleep related interventions to improve depression remission and/or prevent late-life depression.

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When insomnia complaints persist for up to one year, there is a 14-fold greater risk of depression in the following year compared with those without sleep disturbance.
“when insomnia complaints persist for up to one year, there is a 14fold greater risk of depression in the year following as compared with those without sleep disturbance (Lee et al, 2013).”
From Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity (2017) · cites this paper as Lee et al, 2013

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Sleep Disturbance and Depression Recurrence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Prospective Study
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Authors: Lee, E., Cho, H. J., Olmstead, R., Levin, M. J., Oxman, M. N., & Irwin, M. R.
Affiliations: Yonsei University (KR)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Irwin, Michael R.
ORCID: Lee, Eun
Cho, Hyong Jin
Levin, Myron J.
Irwin, Michael R.
Venue: Sleep
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2013-11-01
Volume: 36
Issue: 11
Pages: 1685-1691
ISSN: 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
1550-9109
DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3128
PMC: PMC3792386
OpenAlex: W2072185933
Cited by: 113
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8
FWCI: 11.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: SLEEP (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
YUHSpace (Yonsei University Medical Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000124)
National Institute on Aging (R01AG026364, R01AG034588, P30AG028748)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL079955, R01HL095799)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH055253)
National Cancer Institute (R01CA119159)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
Keywords: sleep disorders, recurrent depression, geriatric depression, older adults, risk factors for depression, depression remission, sleep interventions
MeSH terms: Aged, Chronic Disease, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders, Time Factors

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Persistent Sleep Disturbance: A Risk Factor for Recurrent Depression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

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