Cited by 51Epigenetics and DNA MethylationGenetic and phenotypic traits in livestockGenomics and Chromatin Dynamics

Multi-omics integration strategies for animal epigenetic studies — A review

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Kim, Do-Young, Kim, Jun-Mo·2021·Animal Bioscience

Abstract

Genome-wide studies provide considerable insights into the genetic background of animals; however, the inheritance of several heritable factors cannot be elucidated. Epigenetics explains these heritabilities, including those of genes influenced by environmental factors. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying epigenetics enables understanding the processes of gene regulation through interactions with the environment. Recently developed next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies help understand the interactional changes in epigenetic mechanisms. There are large sets of NGS data available; however, the integrative data analysis approaches still have limitations with regard to reliably interpreting the epigenetic changes. This review focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms and profiling methods and multi-omics integration methods that can provide comprehensive biological insights in animal genetic studies.

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Crossref · 10.5713/ab.21.0042

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107 of 107 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • In mammalian somatic cells, DNA methylation occurs predominantly in 98% of 5'CpG3' dinucleotides; in embryonic stem cells, only 75% of CpG dinucleotides are methylated.

    “In mammalian somatic cells, this modification occurs predominantly in 98% of 5’CpG3’ dinucleotides; on the other hand, in embryonic stem cells, only 75% of CpG dinucleotides are methylated.”

    From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [53]

    The DNA methylation section gives the percentages as the share of DNA methylation that occurs at CpG sites: 98% in mammalian somatic cells and 75% in embryonic stem cells. The claim instead presents them as the share of CpG dinucleotides that are methylated. The same section says 60%–80% of CpGs in the human genome are methylated. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.

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  • The number of methylations or demethylations can affect gene expression, referred to as hypomethylation and hypermethylation, respectively.

    “A major mechanism in silencing gene expression is methylation (Figure 1(AII)) and the number of methylations or demethylations can affect gene expression; this is commonly referred to as hypomethylation and hypermethylation, respectively.”

    From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [53]

    The Epigenetic Mechanisms sections on DNA methylation and histone modification say that methylation patterns can affect gene expression, including silencing transcription at methylated CpG-island promoters. They do not call methylation “hypomethylation” or demethylation “hypermethylation,” as the citing sentence does; a search for those terms found no such passage in our copy. Page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The first level of chromatin organization is the nucleosome, composed of two copies of histones, which are the core protein components of the chromatin complex.

    “The first level of chromatin organization is known as the nucleosome, and it is composed of two copies of histones, which are the core protein components of the chromatin complex.”

    From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [53]

    The Histone modification section identifies the nucleosome as the first level of chromatin organization and histones as core proteins of chromatin. But it specifies two copies *each* of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4—eight histone proteins in the core—not simply two copies of histones. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • There is an external histone to the octamer known as the linker histone or H1 that participates in compaction of nucleosomes.

    “There is an external histone to the octamer known as the linker histone or H1 that participates in the compaction of the nucleosomes [53].”

    From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [53]

    The Histone modification section identifies the nucleosome’s octameric core as containing H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, which supports the claim that H1 is not part of the octamer. It does not identify H1 as a linker histone or say that H1 participates in nucleosome compaction (page unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • DNA methylation plays an important role in regulation of gene expression, where methylation of CpG islands and promoters is a recognition platform for transcription factors or proteins that recruit factors.

    “DNA methylation plays an important role in different molecular mechanisms, such as the regulation of gene expression, where the methylation of CpG islands and promoters is a recognition platform for different transcription factors or proteins that recruit different factors.”

    From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [53]

    The DNA methylation section (page not provided) says methylated CpG islands can inhibit transcription and that DNA methylation has a functional role in transcriptional regulation. The DNA methylation profiling section also describes a protein that binds methylated CpG. Neither passage establishes the more specific claim that methylated CpG islands and promoters serve as a recognition platform for transcription factors or proteins that recruit other factors. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Kim, D.-Y., & Kim, J.-M.
Affiliations
Chung-Ang University (KR)
Corresponding author
Kim, Jun-Mo
Venue
Animal Bioscience
Published
2021-08-01
Volume
34
Issue
8
Pages
1271-1282
ISSN
  • 2765-0189 (ISSN-L)
  • 2765-0235
OpenAlex
W3157995343
Cited by
47
References
107
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2
FWCI
0.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Animal Bioscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1A6A1A03025159)
  • Ministry of Education
  • Chung-Ang University
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Keywords
multi-omics integration, epigenetic mechanisms, gene-environment interaction, heritable traits, gene expression regulation, next-generation sequencing data analysis

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