Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation in a Latin American Population With Severe Mental Illness: An Observational Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) have a life expectancy that is 15 to 20 years shorter than that of the general population primarily due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a leading cause of mortality. Contributing factors include unhealthy lifestyles, physical inactivity, diet, smoking, specific medications, and obesity. This study seeks to describe risk factors and cardiovascular risks (CVR) among hospitalized patients with SMI at a specialized mental healthcare center. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed demographic and clinical data from hospitalized patients between January and December 2022. The Framingham 10- and 30-year risk scores were used to assess CVR, and logistic regression was employed for statistical analysis to compare results and determine significant differences. RESULTS: The study consisted of 366 patients, of whom 47.2% were women, aged 18 to 81. Women were, on average, older than men, with mean ages of 44.7 and 37.8 years, respectively (p < 0.001). Additional demographic characteristics show that 54.9% had finished high school and 81.1% were single. The biggest CVR factors in our sample were female sex, higher academic level, systolic blood pressure above 150 mmHg, triglyceride levels above 150 mg/dL, fasting glucose values above 100 mg/dL, cigarette smoking, and a family history of CVD. CONCLUSIONS: The research shows an incidence of CVD risk among patients with SMI. Multiple lifestyle and medical factors correlate with an increased mortality risk over 10 and 30 years. These findings highlight the need to control modifiable risk factors such as blood pressure (BP), serum lipids, glucose levels, smoking habits, and possible medication side effects to positively impact survival and quality of life in this group.
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Up to 40% of all schizophrenia patients die of cardiovascular causes.
“up to 40% of all schizophrenia patients die of cardiovascular causes (including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, myocarditis), reflecting the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, smoking, and other risk factors in this group [11].”
From Trends in Sudden Death Among Schizophrenia Inpatients (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
The Introduction says cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in people with severe mental illness and gives a 25%–50% mortality range for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. It does not give 40% as an upper limit specifically for schizophrenia; the Discussion likewise says cardiovascular disease accounts for as many as 50% of deaths among patients with severe mental illness. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“Cardiovascular comorbidity is a central factor: up to 40% of all schizophrenia patients die of cardiovascular causes (including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, myocarditis), reflecting the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, smoking, and other risk factors in this group [11].”
- Authors
- Rivas, J., Miranda, C., Restrepo, A., Hernández, M., Erazo, J. M., Martínez, M. J., Lasso, J., López, L., & Gómez-Mesa, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Universitario del Valle ESE (CO)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Universidad del Valle (CO)
- Corresponding author
- Rivas, Juan
- Venue
- Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría
- Publisher
- Juan José López-Ibor Foundation
- Published
- 2025-08-05
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 742-755
- ISSN
- 1139-9287 (ISSN-L)
- 1578-2735
- PMC
- PMC12353234
- OpenAlex
- W4413030732
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 1.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- severe mental illness, cardiovascular risk, cardiovascular disease, Framingham risk score, psychiatric inpatients, risk factors, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, smoking, family history of cardiovascular disease, modifiable risk factors, Latin American populations
- MeSH terms
- Heart Disease Risk Factors, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Mental Disorders, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Risk Assessment, Young Adult
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