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Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology
Open accessAbstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used to provide illumination in industrial and commercial environments. LEDs are also used in TVs, computers, smart phones, and tablets. Although the light emitted by most LEDs appears white, LEDs have peak emission in the blue light range (400-490 nm). The accumulating experimental evidence has indicated that exposure to blue light can affect many physiologic functions, and it can be used to treat circadian and sleep dysfunctions. However, blue light can also induce photoreceptor damage. Thus, it is important to consider the spectral output of LED-based light sources to minimize the danger that may be associated with blue light exposure. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the effects of blue light on the regulation of physiologic functions and the possible effects of blue light exposure on ocular health.
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“The severity of the blue‐light induced damage depends on the time of the day and is thus related with the circadian rhythm 52.”
From The inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
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“While short wavelengths in the range of 460 nm are very efficient in phase shifting of circadian system, intensive blue light in the range between 400 and 440 nm (see Figure 4) is damaging to the retina via a photochemical reaction called photoreversal of bleaching 52.”
From The inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
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“However, the detrimental effect of blue light on the retina should be taken with caution. Most of the damaging effects through blue light are demonstrated in nocturnal animals only, or in isolated animal cell cultures directly exposed to blue light 52, 53, 54.”
From The inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
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“Accumulation of ROS and lipofuscin may be due to both acute and cumulative exposure to blue light 52.”
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“The amount of lipofuscin in the retina increases with age and is related to age‐related macular degeneration 52.”
From The inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
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The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tosini, G., Ferguson, I., & Tsubota, K.
- Affiliations
- Morehouse School of Medicine (US)
- Missouri University of Science and Technology (US)
- Keio University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Tosini, Gianluca
- Venue
- Molecular Vision
- Publisher
- Molecular Vision
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 22
- Pages
- 61-72
- ISSN
- 1090-0535 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4734149
- OpenAlex
- W2294594166
- Cited by
- 517
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 18.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular vision (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NCC958)
- National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NCC 9‐58)
- National Institutes of Health (NCC9-58)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY022216)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular and Laser Science Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
- Keywords
- blue light, light-emitting diodes, circadian rhythm, circadian system, sleep disorders, photoreceptor damage, eye health, eye physiology, blue light exposure, light spectrum
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Light, Ocular Physiological Phenomena, Photic Stimulation, Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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