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Childhood Adversities and First Onset of Psychiatric Disorders in a National Sample of US Adolescents
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CONTEXT: Although childhood adversities (CAs) are known to be highly co-occurring, most research examines their associations with psychiatric disorders one at a time. However, recent evidence from adult studies suggests that the associations of multiple CAs with psychiatric disorders are nonadditive, arguing for the importance of multivariate analysis of multiple CAs. To our knowledge, no attempt has been made to perform a similar kind of analysis among children or adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To examine the multivariate associations of 12 CAs with first onset of psychiatric disorders in a national sample of US adolescents. DESIGN: A US national survey of adolescents (age range, 13-17 years) assessing DSM-IV anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance use disorders and CAs. The CAs include parental loss (death, divorce, and other separations), maltreatment (neglect and physical, sexual, and emotional abuse), and parental maladjustment (violence, criminality, substance abuse, and psychopathology), as well as economic adversity. SETTING: Dual-frame household-school samples. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 6483 adolescent-parent pairs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lifetime DSM-IV disorders assessed using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: Overall, exposure to at least 1 CA was reported by 58.3% of adolescents, among whom 59.7% reported multiple CAs. The CAs reflecting maladaptive family functioning were more strongly associated than other CAs with the onset of psychiatric disorders. The best-fitting model included terms for the type and number of CAs and distinguished between maladaptive family functioning and other CAs. The CAs predicted behavior disorders most strongly and fear disorders least strongly. The joint associations of multiple CAs were subadditive. The population-attributable risk proportions across DSM-IV disorder classes ranged from 15.7% for fear disorders to 40.7% for behavior disorders. The CAs were associated with 28.2% of all onsets of psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood adversities are common, highly co-occurring, and strongly associated with the onset of psychiatric disorders among US adolescents. The subadditive multivariate associations of CAs with the onset of psychiatric disorders have implications for targeting interventions to reduce exposure to CAs and to mitigate the harmful effects of CAs to improve population mental health.
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“Evidence from population-based epidemiological studies indicates that childhood adversity is common and associated strongly with the subsequent onset of psychopathology not only in childhood, but also in adolescence and adulthood (Cohen et al., 2001; Green et al., 2010; Kessler et al., 1997; McLaughlin et al., 2012).”
From Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience (2014) · cites this paper as McLaughlin et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The exposures that give rise to experiences of deprivation and threat co-occur at high rates in children and adolescents”
From Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience (2014) · cites this paper as McLaughlin et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“exposure to childhood adversity has been shown to explain more than 30% of mental disorders in the U.S. population (Green et al., 2010; McLaughlin et al., 2012)”
From Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience (2014) · cites this paper as McLaughlin et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“White matter changes have also been observed, consistent with evidence from animal models, including reduced volume of the posterior corpus callosum(129, 136), and reduced FA in white matter tracts linking the PFC with the temporal lobe (e.g., uncinate fasiculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus) and striatum (e.g., internal and external capsule).(136–138)”
From Neglect as a violation of species-expectant experience: neurodevelopmental consequences (2017) · cites this paper as [138]
In the citing paper
“Consistent with our hypotheses and prior studies on child trauma (Lansford et al. 2002; McLaughlin et al. 2012), we found strong associations between physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms in the sample of youths for whom maltreatment exposure was more prevalent.”
From Childhood maltreatment exposure and disruptions in emotion regulation: A transdiagnostic pathway to adolescent internalizing and externalizing psychopathology (2016) · cites this paper as McLaughlin et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“Greater exposure to ELA is associated with elevated risk of a wide range of mental and physical health outcomes across the lifespan, including depression, anxiety, substance abuse, cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, respiratory diseases, chronic pain, gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders, and neurological and musculoskeletal problems,4–14 as well as premature mortality.15,16”
From Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: Proposed psychological and neural mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
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Cites
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“Although our finding that internalizing disorders are best represented by separate fear and distress dimensions is consistent with previous research,(25,26) it is unclear how these dimensions will map onto the domains recently proposed in the National Institute of Mental Health research domain criteria.(27) Parents pr…”
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“To evaluate this possibility, we conducted a more detailed analysis examining the associations of CAs with individual disorders and found that the CAs considered herein generally have the strongest associations within DSM-IV disorder classes with the disorders that have early ages at onset.(53) For example, within the…”
Self-citationValidity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: review of the evidence
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“However, the use of retrospective reports of CAs in these studies could have introduced systematic recall bias into the results.(4,17,18) To our knowledge, no attempt has been made to perform a similar kind Author Affil of General P Children’s H McLaughlin) of Health Ca (Mr Gruber, Drs Zaslavsk Harvard Med School of E…”
Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
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“Several multivariate models were estimated using the modeling approach developed in earlier work on this topic.(4,16) Each model included dummy predictor variables for CAs and controls.”
Self-citationDube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Dong, M., Chapman, D. P., Giles, W. H., & Anda, R. F. (2003) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.111.3.564 · Cited by 2,333 · cited 1×
“However, despite this evidence of co-occurrence, most research has focused on single CAs(7-9,14) or on a count of the number of CAs as predictors of mental disorders.(1,3,15) This has led to an overestimation of the effects of individual CAs and to the neglect of potentially important multivariate CA profiles.”
Green, J. G., McLaughlin, K. A., Berglund, P. A., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186 · Cited by 2,323 · cited 3×
“Several multivariate models were estimated using the modeling approach developed in earlier work on this topic.(4,16) Each model included dummy predictor variables for CAs and controls.”
Self-citation
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“Youth who experience adversity, including socioeconomic disadvantage, discrimination, victimization, and other chronic stressors, are disproportionately affected by depression and other mental health symptoms (Bogart et al. 2013; Green et al. 2010; McLaughlin et al. 2012).”
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“Childhood adversity is associated with psychopathology (Green et al., 2010; Kessler et al., 2010; McLaughlin et al., 2012), low academic achievement (De Bellis et al., 2013; Leiter and Johnsen, 1997), and poor socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood (Jaffee et al., 2018; Zielinski, 2009).”
Self-citationBroekhof, R., Nordahl, H. M., Bjørnelv, S., & Selvik, S. G. (2022) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02277-z · Cited by 59
“Subsequently, we found a higher prevalence rate for household dysfunction in general than found in the ACE study [1] but in line with McLaughlin’s study [7] and the expanded ACE study [15].”
ResultDavis, K. A., Mountain, R. V., Pickett, O. R., Besten, P. K. D., Bidlack, F. B., & Dunn, E. C. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.030 · Cited by 51
“Although not all children who experience early-life adversity will go on to have mental health problems (3), exposure to adversity has been associated with about a twofold increase in risk for depression, anxiety, or substance use disorders (4,5).”
BackgroundSocial experiences and youth psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study
Rodman, A. M., Rosen, M. L., Kasparek, S. W., Mayes, M., Lengua, L. J., Meltzoff, A. N., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422001250 · Cited by 55
“Exposure to stress is a well-established risk factor for internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in children and adolescents (Grant et al., 2003, 2004; McLaughlin et al., 2012; McLaughlin, 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBroekhof, R., Nordahl, H. M., Tanum, L., & Selvik, S. G. (2023) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100488 · Cited by 57
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Psychiatric Comorbidity in Childhood and Adolescence Headache
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“1% of youth have experienced some type of sexual maltreatment and as many as one in 10 youth have experienced physical abuse (Finkelhor, Turner, Shattuck, & Hamby, 2013; McLaughlin et al., 2012).”
InfluentialEarly life stress, cortisol, frontolimbic connectivity, and depressive symptoms during puberty
Kircanski, K., Sisk, L. M., Ho, T. C., Humphreys, K. L., King, L. S., Colich, N. L., Ordaz, S. J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000555 · Cited by 48
“Consistent with prior population-based work, we found that that higher ELS was associated concurrently with depressive symptoms (McLaughlin et al., 2012), but did not predict depressive symptoms in later puberty above and beyond prior symptoms.”
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Self-citationYouth self-report of child maltreatment in representative surveys: a systematic review
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“…associated with onset (Brown, Craig, Harris, Handley, & Harvey, 2007a; Gibb, Chelminski, & Zimmerman, 2007; Hankin, 2005), and other support for sexual abuse as being more strongly depressogenic (McLaughlin et al., 2012; Molnar, Buka, & Kessler, 2001; Teicher, Samson, Polcari, & McGreenery, 2006).”
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“Furthermore, childhood adversities related to a maladaptive family environment have been shown to be particularly predictive of later psychopathology in general (Green et al., 2010; McLaughlin et al., 2012).”
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“A large body of work has linked exposure to these adversities, particularly child maltreatment, to a range of negative health outcomes in childhood and adulthood, including substance use problems such as heavy drinking, substance use disorder, and marrying an alcoholic (Dube et al. 2002; Evans 2013; Kessler et al. 199…”
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“Consistent with adolescent studies from the US 103 , Austria 104 , and Lebanon 28 , family history of psychiatric disorders significantly increased the risk of all classes of mental disorders among Saudi youth.”
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“Overall, the fi ndings provide further evidence for a cumulative risk model of adversity (McLaughlin et al., 2012).”
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“…trauma negatively affects brain development, cognitive and academic functioning, and social and emotional development (Nemeroff et al., 2006; Shonkoff, 2012) and increases risk of psychiatric disorders in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood (Felitti et al., 1998; McLaughlin et al., 2012).”
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“These rates are especially concerning given the salient health consequences associated with such exposure (Chapman, Dube, & Anda, 2007; McLaughlin et al., 2012; Merikangas et al., 2010).”
Luby, J. L., Rogers, C. E., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.10.003 · Cited by 59
Self-citationDimensions of childhood adversity differentially affect biological aging in major depression
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“INTRODUCTION A wealth of evidence suggests that exposure to childhood adversity is associated with increased risk of chronic somatic disease [1–3], premature mortality [4], and psychopathology in adulthood [5, 6], including Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).”
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“This is concerning as this study and others confirm that the experience of childhood adversity is not at all rare (McLaughlin et al., 2012), but relatively common with almost half this sample having between 1 and 4 such exposures.”
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“mental health (Alisic et al., 2014; Copeland et al., 2011; McLaughlin et al., 2012) and cognitive functioning (Hostinar et al.”
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“…resilient, with research suggesting that only a subset of children exposed to adversity will subsequently develop negative outcomes, such as psychopathology (Collishaw et al., 2007; Green et al., 2010; Kessler et al., 2010; Masten, 2001; McLaughlin et al., 2012; Trentacosta et al., 2016).”
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Self-citationStress-related psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic
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“Further, a recent study by McLaughlin et al. (2012) found that rumination predicted prospective increases in relational victimization among adolescents.”
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“Dysfunctional parenting and childhood exposure to interpersonal violence are among the most consistently documented risk factors for psychopathology worldwide [21,22].”
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Self-citationThe effects of early life stress on impulsivity
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Stensland, S. Ø., Dyb, G. A., Thoresen, S., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., & Zwart, J. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002997 · Cited by 38
“Other 968 (30) 139 (34) 57 (40) 8 (40) 0.”
Aldao, A., McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Sheridan, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.039113 · Cited by 45
“…and adulthood (Dohrenwend et al., 2006; Kendler, Hettema, Butera, Gardner, & Prescott, 2003; Kendler, Karkowski, & Prescott, 1999; Keyes, Hatzenbuehler, & Hasin, 2011; McLaughlin, Green, et al., 2010; McLaughlin et al., 2012), and engagement in rumination might influence responses to such events.”
Self-citationThe pervasive effect of youth self-report of hunger on depression over 6 years of follow up
McIntyre, L., Wu, X., Kwok, C. S., & Patten, S. B. (2017) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1361-5 · Cited by 37
“While we controlled for a large number of significant covariates of adolescent depression in our study, future studies on the effects of youth hunger on depression risk later in life might consider additional childhood adversities, such as parental substance abuse, childhood neglect, and family conflict, which are als…”
Lower implicit self-esteem as a pathway linking childhood abuse to depression and suicidal ideation
Reid-Russell, A., Miller, A. B., Dario Cvencek, A., Meltzoff, A. N., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420002217 · Cited by 38
“Forms of adversity related to maladaptive functioning within the family have a particularly strong association with the onset of psychopathology (Kessler et al., 2010; McLaughlin et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationXie, H., Huffman, N., Shih, C.-H., Cotton, A. S., Buehler, M., Brickman, K. R., Wall, J. T., & Wang, X. (2021) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111421 · Cited by 38
Colich, N. L., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101338 · Cited by 45
Self-citationDiggs, D. T., Deniz, E., & Toseeb, U. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579424001184 · Cited by 44
“Felitti et al. (1998) first discovered a dose-response relationship between ACEs and health risk behavior and disease among over 13,000 adults, which has been replicated among more diverse samples (Burke et al., 2011; McLaughlin et al., 2012).”
Dahal, S., Swahn, M. H., & Hayat, M. J. (2018) · Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.1155/2018/5914315 · Cited by 36
Karatekin, C. (2018) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2018.1476316 · Cited by 36
Nurius, P. S., LaValley, K., & Kim, M.-H. (2019) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-019-09335-z · Cited by 44
Profiles of childhood trauma: Betrayal, frequency, and psychological distress in late adolescence.
Martin, C. G., Ryzin, M. J. V., & Dishion, T. J. (2016) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000095 · Cited by 47
“Covariates—Gender, race/ethnicity, education, SES, and parent depression have each been associated with the diagnosis of mental health disorders (McLaughlin et al., 2011; McLaughlin, Gadermann, et al., 2012; Minsky et al., 2006; Seedat et al., 2009); thus, they were included as control variables in…”
BackgroundWhen social support is not enough: Trauma and PTSD symptoms in a risk-sample of adolescents
Pinto, R. J., Morgado, D., Reis, S., Monteiro, R., Levendosky, A. A., & Jongenelen, I. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.017 · Cited by 35
“…important factors for the development of PTSD after exposure to trauma (see Trickey et al., 2012), i.e. childhood adversity and family dysfunction (McLaughlin et al., 2012; Scott, Smith, & Ellis, 2010; Xie et al., 2010), comorbid psychological problems and substance abuse (Fan, Zhang, Yang, Mo, &…”
BackgroundChallenges in the Transition to Higher Education for Foster Care Youth
Piel, M. H. (2018) · New Directions for Community Colleges · doi:10.1002/cc.20288 · Cited by 35
Childhood Maltreatment, Negative Self-Referential Processing, and Depressive Symptoms During Stress
Jopling, E. N., Tracy, A., & LeMoult, J. (2020) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s231505 · Cited by 40
“childhood maltreatment contributes to as many as 50% of depression cases worldwide.(2,3) Importantly, current research suggests that certain types of childhood”
BackgroundHuang, C., Tan, Y., Cheung, S., & Hu, H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041636 · Cited by 35
Unhealthy food in relation to posttraumatic stress symptoms among adolescents
Malinauskienė, V., & Малинаускас, Р. К. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.12.002 · Cited by 35
“Epidemiological research in this field has demonstrated that children’s exposure to traumatic events is more common than once thought and that children exposed to multiple traumatic events are at a substantially greater risk for a wide range of adverse mental and physical health problems than children who have not suf…”
BackgroundJones, M. S., Burge, S. W., Sharp, S. F., & McLeod, D. A. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104237 · Cited by 34
Angelakis, I., & Gooding, P. A. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114424 · Cited by 37
Brown, S., Fite, P. J., & Poquiz, J. L. (2015) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-015-0592-5 · Cited by 36
Prevalence of emotional and behavioral symptomatology in Spanish adolescents
Sierra, J. O., Fonseca‐Pedrero, E., Paíno, M., & Solana, R. A. (2014) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rpsmen.2014.06.002 · Cited by 34
“The results arising from this study agree with those obtained in previous research, at both the national and international level, which places the prevalence rates of problems of this type at between 5% and 20%, with the mean rate being on the order of 15%.(33,48) All of these studies, beyond the diversity of instrume…”
Whalen, D. J., Belden, A. C., Tillman, R., Barch, D. M., & Luby, J. L. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000398 · Cited by 34
Yuhi, T., Kyuta, H., Mori, H.-A., Murakami, C., Furuhara, K., Okuno, M., Takahashi, M., Fuji, D., & Higashida, H. (2017) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci7110152 · Cited by 32
“Children with ASD 31 and RAD experience similar difficulties with social relationships [8-10], but there appears to be a 32 difference in the quality of their social interactions.”
BackgroundTowards a person-centered approach to the developmental psychopathology of trauma
Jenness, J. L., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1095-1 · Cited by 33
Self-citationChildhood adversity and accelerated reproductive events: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ding, W.-Q., Yuxiang, X., Kondracki, A. J., & Sun, Y. (2023) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2023.10.005 · Cited by 36
Child Maltreatment and the Adolescent Patient With Severe Obesity: Implications for Clinical Care
Zeller, M. H., Noll, J. G., Sarwer, D. B., Reiter‐Purtill, J., Rofey, D. L., Baughcum, A. E., Peugh, J., Courcoulas, A. P., Michalsky, M. P., Jenkins, T. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsv011 · Cited by 34
“, parental death, divorce, parental psychopathology, family violence, crime, poverty, victimization) that may co-occur and contribute to adolescent health outcomes (McLaughlin et al., 2012).”
BackgroundPlatt, J., McLaughlin, K. A., Luedtke, A. R., Ahern, J., Kaufman, A. S., & Keyes, K. M. (2018) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwy006 · Cited by 36
Self-citationElkins, J., Briggs, H. E., Miller, K. M., Kim, I., Orellana, E. R., & Mowbray, O. P. (2018) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-018-0585-x · Cited by 33
Vogel, S. C., Brito, N. H., & Callaghan, B. L. (2020) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-020-01186-9 · Cited by 32
Challenges in researching the immune pathways between early life adversity and psychopathology
Reid, B. M., & Danese, A. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420001157 · Cited by 37
“While exposure to ELA increases the odds of many psychiatric disorders, the association between ELA and different types of psychopathology is generally nonspecific (Green et al., 2010; Kessler et al., 1997; Kessler et al., 2010; McLaughlin et al., 2012; Schaefer et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSkar, A. S., Jensen, T. K., & Harpviken, A. N. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00788-y · Cited by 33
“…trauma is a significant risk factor for mental illness among children, including somatic problems, depression, anxiety, alcohol misuse, conduct disorder, self-harm, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and functional impairment (Alsic et al., 2014; Lewis et al., 2019; McLaughlin et al., 2012).”
BackgroundNeurobiological correlates of the social and emotional impact of peer victimization: A review
Cubillo, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866926 · Cited by 39
Sandre, A., Ethridge, P., Kim, I., & Weinberg, A. (2018) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-017-0559-z · Cited by 33
“Not only is CM associated with adverse mental health outcomes in childhood and adolescence (McLaughlin et al., 2012), it also appears to increase the risk of first onset disorders in adulthood (Green et al., 2010; Kessler, Davis, & Kendler, 1997; Kessler et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialYuan, J. P., Ho, T. C., Coury, S. M., Chahal, R., Colich, N. L., & Gotlib, I. H. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.07.007 · Cited by 36
Skar, A. S., Braathu, N., Jensen, T. K., & Ormhaug, S. M. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-08497-y · Cited by 34
Arcego, D. M., Buschdorf, J. P., O’Toole, N., Wang, Z., Barth, B., Pokhvisneva, I., Rayan, N. A., Patel, S. H., Filho, E. J. D. M., Lee, P., et al. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.06.028 · Cited by 36
“Second, childhood adversity associates with alterations in the structure and connectivity of brain regions implicated in cognitive-emotional function (3-6) and significantly increases the risk for psychiatric disorders (7-13).”
Traumatic experiences, family functioning, and mood disorder development in bipolar offspring
Koenders, M. A., Mesman, E., Giltay, E. J., Elzinga, B. M., & Hillegers, M. H. J. (2020) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12246 · Cited by 35
“Findings of our study also align with the general literature of mood disorders and the specific relationship between emotional maltreatment and the development of mood disorders (Hovens et al. , 2015; McLaughlin et al. , 2012; Norman et al. , 2012).”
BackgroundResultEdwards, K. M., Murphy, S., Palmer, K. M., Haynes, E. E., Chapo, S., Ekdahl, B. A., & Buel, S. (2017) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2016.1273566 · Cited by 31
“Also, researchers have documented that many women with histories of DSV and SUDs often have histories of childhood victimization (Keyser-Marcus et al. 2014; McLaughlin et al. 2012).”
BackgroundUy, J. P., Tan, A. P., Broeckman, B. B. F. P., Gluckman, P. D., Chong, Y. S., Chen, H., Fortier, M. V., Meaney, M. J., & Callaghan, B. L. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13721 · Cited by 31
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Murphy, M. O., Herald, J. B., Leachman, J. R., Tezanos, A. G. V., Cohn, D. M., & Loria, A. S. (2018) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-018-0035-z · Cited by 34
Pediatric Cancer, Posttraumatic Stress and Fear-Related Neural Circuitry
Marusak, H. A., Harper, F. W. K., Taub, J. W., & Rabinak, C. A. (2019) · International Journal of Hematologic Oncology · doi:10.2217/ijh-2019-0002 · Cited by 32
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Metadata
- Authors
- McLaughlin, K. A., Greif Green, J., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kessler, Ronald C.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2012-11-01
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1151
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3490224
- OpenAlex
- W2001620133
- Cited by
- 992
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 86 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 105 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 30.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- SRA International
- Kaiser Permanente
- Janssen Scientific Affairs
- National Institutes of Health (5r13mh066849-04, 5r01mh069864-04, 5r01mh070884-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R13-MH-066849, R01-MH66627, R01MH066627, R01‐MH070884, R01MH077883, K01MH085710, U01-MH-60220, K01MH092526, U01MH060220, R01‐MH069864)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA016558)
- Fogarty International Center (R03TW006481)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- childhood adversity, adolescents, subadditivity, parental loss, child abuse, economic adversity, behavior disorders, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, substance use disorders, population attributable risk
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Personality Assessment, Risk Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Age of Onset, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders
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