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Cited by 121Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentLanguage Development and Disorders

Early social-communicative and cognitive development of younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders

Stone, Wendy L., McMahon, Caitlin R., Yoder, Paul J., Walden, Tedra A.·2007·Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
DOI 10.1001/archpedi.161.4.384
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare the early social-communicative development of younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) with that of younger siblings of children with typical development, using parental report and child-based measures. DESIGN: Group comparison. SETTING: Vanderbilt University, between July 1, 2003, and July 31, 2006. PARTICIPANTS: Younger siblings of children with ASD (n = 64) and younger siblings of children with typical development (n = 42) between the ages of 12 and 23 months (mean, 16 months). Main Exposure Having a sibling with an ASD. OUTCOME MEASURES: Child-based measures included a cognitive assessment; an interactive screening tool assessing play, imitation, and communication; and a rating of autism symptoms. Parental report measures were an interview of social-communicative interactions and a questionnaire assessing language and communication skills. RESULTS: Younger siblings of children with ASD demonstrated weaker performance in nonverbal problem solving (mean difference [MD], 5.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.48-9.34), directing attention (MD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.07-0.97), understanding words (MD, 33.30; 95% CI, 3.11-63.48), understanding phrases (MD, 4.56; 95% CI, 1.85-7.27), gesture use (MD, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.51-2.47), and social-communicative interactions with parents (MD, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.27-2.37), and had increased autism symptoms (MD, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.05-4.03), relative to control siblings. A substantial minority of the ASD sibling group exhibited lower performance relative to controls. Significant correlations between child-based measures and parental reports assessing similar constructs were found (r = -0.74 to 0.53; P range, .000-.002). CONCLUSION: The weaker performance found for children in the ASD sibling group may represent early-emerging features of the broader autism phenotype, thus highlighting the importance of developmental surveillance for younger siblings.

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  • Through 3 years of age, high-risk infants exhibit higher levels of autism spectrum disorder-related characteristics than controls on autism spectrum disorder screeners, but differences on examiner-administered assessments are less consistent.

    “Through 3 years of age, HR infants exhibit higher levels of ASD-related characteristics than controls on ASD screeners, but differences based on examiner-administered assessments designed to quantify these characteristics are less consistent.2,8–10”

    From Beyond Autism: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium Study of High-Risk Children at Three Years of Age (2013) · cites this paper as [9]

  • High-risk siblings exhibit lower levels of receptive language and other communication skills than comparison infants, but direct comparisons of intellectual functioning have not yielded consistent results.

    “Likewise, HR siblings exhibit lower levels of receptive language and other communication skills than comparison infants,2,8,9,11 but direct comparisons of intellectual functioning have not yielded consistent results.8,9,11,12”

    From Beyond Autism: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium Study of High-Risk Children at Three Years of Age (2013) · cites this paper as [9]

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Related

Authors
Stone, W. L., McMahon, C. R., Yoder, P. J., & Walden, T. A.
Affiliations
Vanderbilt University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2007-04-01
Volume
161
Issue
4
Pages
384
ISSN
1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.161.4.384
OpenAlex
W2111162365
Cited by
121
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
FWCI
3.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD015052, P30 HD-15052, T32HD07226, T32HD007226, R01HD043292)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, younger siblings, broader autism phenotype, cognitive development, language development, gesture use, autism symptoms, child development monitoring, early childhood
MeSH terms
Autistic Disorder, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Communication, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Parents, Phenotype, Social Behavior

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