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Cited by 1,074Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPain Management and TreatmentPain Mechanisms and Treatments

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 114 of the 114 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Chronic Pain-Associated Depression: Antecedent or Consequence of Chronic Pain? A Review

Fishbain, David A., Cutler, Robert, Rosomoff, Hubert L., Rosomoff, Renee Steele·1997·The Clinical Journal of Pain
DOI 10.1097/00002508-199706000-00006
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the current status for the association of chronic pain and depression and to review the evidence for whether depression is an antecedent or consequence of chronic pain (CP). DESIGN: A computer and manual literature review yielded 191 studies that related to the pain-depression association. These reports were reviewed and sorted into seven categories relating to the topic of this paper. Eighty-three studies were then selected according to inclusion criteria and subjected to a structured review. SETTING: Any medical treatment setting including pain treatment as inclusion criteria for selection of studies. PATIENTS: Any patients with any type of chronic pain. RESULTS: The reviewed studies were consistent in indicating that there is a statistical relationship between chronic pain and depression. For the relationship between pain and depression, there was greater support for the consequence and scar hypotheses than the antecedent hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS: Depression is more common in chronic pain patients (CPPs) than in healthy controls as a consequence of the presence of CP. At pain onset, predisposition to depression (the scar hypothesis) may increase the likelihood for the development of depression in some CPPS. Because of difficulties in measuring depression in the presence of CP, the reviewed studies should be interpreted with caution.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/00002508-199706000-00006

Cites

114 of 114 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Verification

Claims the paper makes

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Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In the general population, depression is associated with a wide range of health, mental health, and neurological conditions, such as chronic pain, headaches and migraines, diabetes, low testosterone, cardiovascular/cerebrovascular/small vessel ischemic disease, PD, MCI, and AD.

    “In the general population, depression is associated with a wide range of health, mental health, and neurological conditions, such as 1) chronic pain [71–75]; 2) headaches and migraines [76–79]; 3) diabetes [80–82]; 4) low testosterone [83–85]; 5) cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and small vessel ischemic disease [86–92]; 6) PD [93]; 7) MCI [94–96]; and 8) AD [97].”

    From The Need to Separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology from Clinical Features (2017) · cites this paper as [72]

  • Both depression and anxiety are closely related to pain and pain intensity.

    “Both depression and anxiety are closely related to pain and pain intensity [16, 17].”

    From A Consideration of the Psychological Aspects to Managing Patients with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: An Insight into Pain Management Services at a Tertiary Centre in the UK (2021) · cites this paper as [16]

  • Pre-existing psychopathology is a factor that promotes chronic pain.

    “Pre-existing psychopathology is a factor that promotes CP.”

    From Pain and Evil: From Local Nociception to Misery Following Social Harm (2020) · cites this paper as [15]

  • Chronic pain may be considered as a prognostic factor for depression, which in turn constitutes a prognostic factor for chronic pain, underlying the bilateral nature of psychiatric disorders and chronic pain.

    “However, according to some studies,15,16 CP may be considered as a prognostic factor for depression, which, in turn, constitutes a prognostic factor for CP, thus underlying the bilateral nature of psychiatric disorders and CP”

    From Pain and Evil: From Local Nociception to Misery Following Social Harm (2020) · cites this paper as [15]

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 11

  1. Turk, 1987, Pain Manage, 1, 17
  2. Dworkin, 1991, Am Pain Soc Bull, &NA;, 7
  3. Smedstad, 1995, J Rheumatol, 22, 514
  4. Breitbart, 1987, Oncology, 1, 49
  5. Breitbart, 1990, New York: Raven Press, 16, 399
  6. Dworkin, 1992, J Abnormal Psychol, 101, 200, 10.1037/0021-843X.101.1.200 · DOI
  7. Skevington, 1994, Seattle: IASP Press, 2, 201
  8. Klerman, 1987, J Clin Psychiatry, 48, 33
  9. Stensman, 1988, Scand J Soc Med, 16, 149, 10.1177/140349488801600305 · DOI
  10. Holm, 1994, Headache, 12, 418
  11. Covington, 1991, Primary Care, 18, 341

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Related

Metadata

Authors
Fishbain, D. A., Cutler, R., Rosomoff, H. L., & Rosomoff, R. S.
Affiliations
University of Miami (US)
Corresponding author
  • Fishbain, David A.
  • Cutler, Robert
ORCID
Fishbain, David A.
Venue
The Clinical Journal of Pain
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
1997-06
Volume
13
Issue
2
Pages
116-137
ISSN
0749-8047 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/00002508-199706000-00006
OpenAlex
W2038709220
Cited by
1,074
References
111
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 51
FWCI
1.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Clinical Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
chronic pain, depression, pain-depression relationship, pain onset
MeSH terms
Brain Chemistry, Chronic Disease, Clinical Trials as Topic, Depression, Humans, Pain

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