The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Estimated Life Expectancy in a Scottish Cohort With Type 1 Diabetes, 2008-2010
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Type 1 diabetes has historically been associated with a significant reduction in life expectancy. Major advances in treatment of type 1 diabetes have occurred in the past 3 decades. Contemporary estimates of the effect of type 1 diabetes on life expectancy are needed. OBJECTIVE: To examine current life expectancy in people with and without type 1 diabetes in Scotland. We also examined whether any loss of life expectancy in patients with type 1 diabetes is confined to those who develop kidney disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective cohort of all individuals alive in Scotland with type 1 diabetes who were aged 20 years or older from 2008 through 2010 and were in a nationwide register (n=24,691 contributing 67,712 person-years and 1043 deaths). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Differences in life expectancy between those with and those without type 1 diabetes and the percentage of the difference due to various causes. RESULTS: Life expectancy at an attained age of 20 years was an additional 46.2 years among men with type 1 diabetes and 57.3 years among men without it, an estimated loss in life expectancy with diabetes of 11.1 years (95% CI, 10.1-12.1). Life expectancy from age 20 years was an additional 48.1 years among women with type 1 diabetes and 61.0 years among women without it, an estimated loss with diabetes of 12.9 years (95% CI, 11.7-14.1). Even among those with type 1 diabetes with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 or higher, life expectancy was reduced (49.0 years in men, 53.1 years in women) giving an estimated loss from age 20 years of 8.3 years (95% CI, 6.5-10.1) for men and 7.9 years (95% CI, 5.5-10.3) for women. Overall, the largest percentage of the estimated loss in life expectancy was related to ischemic heart disease (36% in men, 31% in women) but death from diabetic coma or ketoacidosis was associated with the largest percentage of the estimated loss occurring before age 50 years (29.4% in men, 21.7% in women). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Estimated life expectancy for patients with type 1 diabetes in Scotland based on data from 2008 through 2010 indicated an estimated loss of life expectancy at age 20 years of approximately 11 years for men and 13 years for women compared with the general population without type 1 diabetes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Cardiovascular disease remains the major cause of premature morbidity and mortality, with data119,120 suggesting an 8–13-year shorter life expectancy for people with type 1 diabetes than for healthy individuals.”
From Type 1 diabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [120]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Due in part to the success of modern diabetes management, people with type 1 diabetes are living longer, and the population of these people over 65 years of age is growing (121-123).”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024 (2024) · cites this paper as [121]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Due in part to the success of modern diabetes management, people with type 1 diabetes are living longer, and the population of these people over 65 years of age is growing (136-138).”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [136]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In Scotland, mortality rates in 2008–2010 increased from 31.9 and 24.2 per 1,000 person-years in men and women, respectively, with T1DM who were aged 60–64 years to 142.7 in men and 171.3 in women aged ≥80 years39.”
From The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in older adults (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In Scotland, reductions in life expectancy for people with T1DM aged 60–64 years were 5.6 years and 7.1 years for men and women, respectively39.”
From The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in older adults (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Due in part to the success of modern diabetes management, people with type 1 diabetes are living longer, and the population of people over 65 years with type 1 diabetes is growing (154–156).”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [154]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
Patterson, C. C., Dahlquist, G. G., Gyürüs, E., Green, A., & Soltész, G. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60568-7 · Cited by 1,854
Introduction to Stochastic Processes in Biostatistics
Bartlett, M. S., & Chiang, C. L. (1969) · Revue de l Institut International de Statistique / Review of the International Statistical Institute · doi:10.2307/1402301 · Cited by 684
The presence and severity of chronic kidney disease predicts all-cause mortality in type 1 diabetes
Groop, P.-H., Thomas, M. C., Moran, J. L., Wadèn, J., Thorn, L. M., Mäkinen, V.-P., Rosengård-Bärlund, M., Saraheimo, M., Hietala, K., Heikkilä, O., et al. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-1543 · Cited by 638
Measuring and explaining the change in life expectancies
Arriaga, E. E. (1984) · Demography · doi:10.2307/2061029 · Cited by 630
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease
de Ferranti, S. D., de Boer, I. H., Fonseca, V. A., Fox, C. S., Golden, S. H., Lavie, C. J., Magge, S. N., Marx, N., McGuire, D. K., Orchard, T. J., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000034 · Cited by 516
de Ferranti, S. D., de Boer, I. H., Fonseca, V. A., Fox, C. S., Golden, S. H., Lavie, C. J., Magge, S. N., Marx, N., McGuire, D. K., Orchard, T. J., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-1720 · Cited by 444
High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes in the U.K.
Soedamah‐Muthu, S. S., Fuller, J., Mulnier, H. E., Raleigh, V. S., Lawrenson, R. A., & Colhoun, H. M. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.04.06.dc05-1433 · Cited by 395
Self-citationLivingstone, S. J., Looker, H. C., Hothersall, E. J., Wild, S. H., Lindsay, R. S., Chalmers, J., Cleland, S. J., Leese, G., McKnight, J. A., Morris, A. D., et al. (2012) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001321 · Cited by 356
Self-citationOrchard, T. J., Secrest, A. M., Miller, R. G., & Costacou, T. (2010) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1860-3 · Cited by 317
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M.-T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106 · Cited by 6,457
Self-citationLin, X., Xu, Y., Pan, X., Xu, J., Ding, Y., Sun, X., Song, X., Ren, Y., & Shan, P. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71908-9 · Cited by 1,951
DiMeglio, L. A., Evans-Molina, C., & Oram, R. A. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31320-5 · Cited by 1,561
Katsarou, A., Gudbjörnsdottir, S., Rawshani, A., Dabelea, D., Bonifacio, E., Anderson, B. J., Jacobsen, L. M., Schatz, D. A., & Lernmark, Å. (2017) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.16 · Cited by 1,475
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Authors/Task Force Members, Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M. T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487316653709 · Cited by 1,435
Self-citationInsel, R. A., Dunne, J. L., Atkinson, M. A., Chiang, J. L., Dabelea, D., Gottlieb, P. A., Greenbaum, C. J., Herold, K. C., Krischer, J. P., Lernmark, Å., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-1419 · Cited by 1,216
An anti-CD3 antibody, teplizumab, in relatives at risk for type 1 diabetes
Herold, K. C., Bundy, B. N., Long, S. A., Bluestone, J. A., DiMeglio, L. A., Dufort, M. J., Gitelman, S. E., Gottlieb, P. A., Krischer, J. P., Linsley, P. S., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1902226 · Cited by 1,189
Gregory, G. A., Robinson, T. I. G., Linklater, S. E., Wang, F., Colagiuri, S., de Beaufort, C., Donaghue, K. C., Harding, J. L., Wander, P. L., Zhang, X., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00218-2 · Cited by 1,149
Pancreatic β-cells in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: different pathways to failure
Eizirik, D. L., Pasquali, L., & Cnop, M. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0355-7 · Cited by 854
Differentiation of diabetes by pathophysiology, natural history, and prognosis
Skyler, J. S., Bakris, G. L., Bonifacio, E., Darsow, T., Eckel, R. H., Groop, L., Groop, P.-H., Handelsman, Y., Insel, R. A., Mathieu, C., et al. (2017) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db16-0806 · Cited by 823
Rawshani, A., Sattar, N., Franzén, S., Rawshani, A., Hattersley, A. T., Svensson, A.-M., Eliasson, B., & Gudbjörnsdottir, S. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31506-x · Cited by 802
Self-citationJacobson, T. A., Ito, M. K., Maki, K. C., Orringer, C. E., Bays, H. E., Jones, P. H., McKenney, J. M., Grundy, S. M., Gill, E. A., Wild, R. A., et al. (2015) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2015.02.003 · Cited by 781
Pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 90-year perspective
Zaccardi, F., Webb, D. R., Yates, T. E., & Davies, M. J. (2015) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133281 · Cited by 614
Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: from clinical care to health policy
Atun, R. A., Davies, J. I., Gale, E. A., Bärnighausen, T., Beran, D., Kengne, A. P., Levitt, N. S., Mangugu, F. W., Nyirenda, M., Ogle, G. D., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30181-x · Cited by 574
Chiang, J. L., Maahs, D. M., Garvey, K. C., Hood, K. K., Laffel, L. M., WEINZIMER, S. A., Wolfsdorf, J. I., & Schatz, D. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci18-0023 · Cited by 565
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M. T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., et al. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.037 · Cited by 502
Self-citation13. Older Adults: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s013 · Cited by 381
Teplizumab improves and stabilizes beta cell function in antibody-positive high-risk individuals
Sims, E. K., Bundy, B. N., Stier, K., Serti, E., Lim, N., Long, S. A., Geyer, S. M., Moran, A., Greenbaum, C. J., Evans-Molina, C., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abc8980 · Cited by 377
Empagliflozin as Adjunctive to Insulin Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes: The EASE Trials
Rosenstock, J., Marquard, J., Laffel, L. M., Neubacher, D., Kaspers, S., Cherney, D. Z., Zinman, B., Skyler, J. S., George, J., Soleymanlou, N., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-1749 · Cited by 363
Petrie, J. R., Chaturvedi, N., Ford, I., Brouwers, M. C. G. J., Greenlaw, N., Tillin, T., Hramiak, I., Hughes, A. D., Jenkins, A. J., Klein, B. E. K., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30194-8 · Cited by 357
Self-citationMcGurnaghan, S. J., Weir, A., Bishop, J., Kennedy, S., Blackbourn, L. A. K., McAllister, D., Hutchinson, S. J., Caparrotta, T. M., Mellor, J., Jeyam, A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30405-8 · Cited by 339
Self-citationHenry, R. R., Thakkar, P., Tong, C., Polidori, D., & Alba, M. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-1730 · Cited by 286
Timmers, P. R., Mounier, N., Lall, K., Fischer, K., Ning, Z., Feng, X., Bretherick, A. D., Clark, D. W., eQTLGen Consortium, Agbessi, M., et al. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.39856 · Cited by 259
Biomarkers of diabetic kidney disease
Colhoun, H. M., & Marcovecchio, M. L. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4567-5 · Cited by 280
Self-citationScreening for Type 1 Diabetes in the General Population: A Status Report and Perspective
Sims, E. K., Besser, R. E. J., Dayan, C. M., Rasmussen, C. G., Greenbaum, C. J., Griffin, K., Hagopian, W., Knip, M., Long, A. E., Martin, F., et al. (2022) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/dbi20-0054 · Cited by 274
Type 1 diabetes in 2017: global estimates of incident and prevalent cases in children and adults
Green, A., Hede, S. M., Patterson, C., Wild, S. H., Imperatore, G., Roglić, G., & Beran, D. (2021) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-021-05571-8 · Cited by 257
Self-citationMcAllister, D. A., Read, S. H., Kerssens, J., Livingstone, S., McGurnaghan, S., Jhund, P., Petrie, J., Sattar, N., Fischbacher, C., Kristensen, S. L., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.118.034986 · Cited by 244
Self-citationDiabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Predicts Poor Long-term Glycemic Control
Duca, L. M., Wang, B., Rewers, M., & Rewers, A. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-0558 · Cited by 241
The Potential of Metabolomics in Biomedical Applications
González-Covarrubias, V., Martínez‐Martínez, E., & del Bosque‐Plata, L. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12020194 · Cited by 249
12. Older Adults: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020
American Diabetes Association (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-s012 · Cited by 228
12. Older Adults: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021
American Diabetes Association (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s012 · Cited by 234
Ali, M. A., Liu, Y., Arif, S., Tatović, D., Shariff, H., Gibson, V. B., Yusuf, N., Baptista, R., Eichmann, M., Petrov, N., et al. (2017) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf7779 · Cited by 215
13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D. M., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s013 · Cited by 223
13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s013 · Cited by 209
Racial-Ethnic Inequity in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Agarwal, S., Kanapka, L. G., Raymond, J. K., Walker, A., Gerard-Gonzalez, A., Kruger, D., Redondo, M. J., Rickels, M. R., Shah, V. N., Butler, A., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa236 · Cited by 205
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairments: A Systematic Review
Li, W., Huang, E. S., & Gao, S. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-161250 · Cited by 190
Diabetes and pregnancy: national trends over a 15 year period
on behalf of the SDRN Epidemiology Group, Mackin, S. T., Nelson, S. M., Kerssens, J. J., Wood, R., Wild, S. H., Colhoun, H. M., Leese, G., Philip, S., & Lindsay, R. S. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4529-3 · Cited by 195
Self-citationYang, K., Yang, X., Jin, C., Ding, S., Liu, T., Ma, B., Sun, H., Zhang, J., & Li, Y. (2024) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-078432 · Cited by 190
Rawshani, A., Rawshani, A., Sattar, N., Franzén, S., McGuire, D. K., Eliasson, B., Svensson, A.-M., Zethelius, B., Miftaraj, M., Rosengren, A., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.118.037454 · Cited by 177
Self-citationThe Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and Cancers and Its Underlying Mechanisms
Zhu, B., & Qu, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.800995 · Cited by 174
Risk of death following admission to a UK hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis
Gibb, F. W., Teoh, W. L., Graham, J., & Lockman, K. A. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4034-0 · Cited by 170
Sarcopenia and frailty in older patients with diabetes mellitus
Umegaki, H. (2016) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.12688 · Cited by 173
Rawshani, A., Rawshani, A., Franzén, S., Eliasson, B., Svensson, A., Miftaraj, M., McGuire, D. K., Sattar, N. A., Rosengren, A., & Guðbjörnsdóttir, S. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.025961 · Cited by 168
Self-citationF. Piepoli, M. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9583-6 · Cited by 162
13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., Khunti, K., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s013 · Cited by 161
Luo, F., Das, A., Chen, J., Wu, P., Li, X., & Fang, Z. (2019) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-019-0860-y · Cited by 165
Bjornstad, P., Dart, A. B., Donaghue, K. C., Dost, A., Feldman, E. L., Tan, G. S. W., Wadwa, R. P., Zabeen, B., & Marcovecchio, M. L. (2022) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13444 · Cited by 168
Huo, L., Harding, J. L., Peeters, A., Shaw, J. E., & Magliano, D. J. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3857-4 · Cited by 154
Ketone Body, 3-Hydroxybutyrate: Minor Metabolite - Major Medical Manifestations
Møller, N. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa370 · Cited by 145
Ehrmann, D., Kulzer, B., Roos, T., Haak, T., Al-Khatib, M., & Hermanns, N. (2020) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30042-5 · Cited by 141
Sex differences in risk factors for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment & dementia
Gannon, O. J., Robison, L. S., Custozzo, A. J., & Zuloaga, K. L. (2018) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.014 · Cited by 146
Tauschmann, M., Allen, J. M., Wilinska, M. E., Thabit, H., Stewart, Z., Cheng, P., Kollman, C., Acerini, C. L., Dunger, D. B., & Hovorka, R. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2078 · Cited by 130
ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Diabetes in adolescence
Gregory, J. W., Cameron, F. J., Joshi, K., Eiswirth, M. E., Garrett, C. H., Garvey, K. C., Agarwal, S., & Ethel Codner, D. (2022) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13408 · Cited by 139
Ludwig, B., Ludwig, S., Steffen, A., Knauf, Y., Zimerman, B., Heinke, S., Lehmann, S., Schubert, U., Schmid, J., Bleyer, M., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1708420114 · Cited by 127
Jeyam, A., Colhoun, H., McGurnaghan, S., Blackbourn, L., McDonald, T. J., Palmer, C. N. A., McKnight, J. A., Strachan, M. W. J., Patrick, A. W., Chalmers, J., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-0567 · Cited by 118
Self-citationNakayasu, E. S., Syed, F., Tersey, S. A., Gritsenko, M. A., Mitchell, H. D., Chan, C. Y., Dirice, E., Turatsinze, J., Cui, Y., Kulkarni, R., et al. (2020) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.12.005 · Cited by 116
Pathway to Artificial Pancreas Systems Revisited: Moving Downstream
Kowalski, A. J. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0364 · Cited by 115
ACE inhibitors and statins in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Marcovecchio, M. L., Chiesa, S. T., Bond, S., Daneman, D., Dawson, S., Donaghue, K. C., Jones, T. W., Mahmud, F. H., Marshall, S. M., Neil, H. A. W., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1703518 · Cited by 112
Vergès, B. L. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2020.09.001 · Cited by 116
Chamberlain, R. C., Fleetwood, K. J., Wild, S. H., Colhoun, H. M., Lindsay, R. S., Petrie, J. R., McCrimmon, R. J., Gibb, F. W., Philip, S., Sattar, N. A., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-1596 · Cited by 106
Self-citationRecent trends in life expectancy for people with type 1 diabetes in Sweden
Petrie, D., Lung, T. W.-C., Rawshani, A., Palmer, A. J., Svensson, A., Eliasson, B., & Clarke, P. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-3914-7 · Cited by 107
Hu, X., Gattis, C., Olroyd, A. G., Friera, A. M., White, K. A., Young, C., Basco, R., Lamba, M., Wells, F., Ankala, R., et al. (2023) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adg5794 · Cited by 104
Diabetes in ageing: pathways for developing the evidence base for clinical guidance
Munshi, M. N., Meneilly, G. S., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., Close, K. L., Conlin, P. R., Cukierman‐Yaffe, T., Forbes, A., Ganda, O. P., Kahn, C. R., Huang, E. S., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30230-8 · Cited by 107
Colom, C., Rull, A., Sánchez‐Quesada, J. L., & Pérez, A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10081798 · Cited by 109
Care of diabetes in children and adolescents: controversies, changes, and consensus
Cameron, F. J., & Wherrett, D. K. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60971-0 · Cited by 99
A Review of Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes: Is There a Place for Adjunctive Metformin?
Priya, G., & Kalra, S. (2017) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-017-0333-9 · Cited by 98
Bjornstad, P., Donaghue, K. C., & Maahs, D. M. (2018) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30035-4 · Cited by 99
Changing the landscape for type 1 diabetes: the first step to prevention
Dayan, C. M., Korah, M., Tatovic, D., Bundy, B. N., & Herold, K. C. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32127-0 · Cited by 96
McKeigue, P., McGurnaghan, S. J., Blackbourn, L. A. K., Bath, L., McAllister, D., Caparrotta, T. M., Wild, S. H., Wood, S. N., Stockton, D., & Colhoun, H. M. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-0385 · Cited by 94
Self-citationWherrett, D. K., Chiang, J. L., Delamater, A. M., DiMeglio, L. A., Gitelman, S. E., Gottlieb, P. A., Herold, K. C., Lovell, D. J., Orchard, T. J., Ryan, C. M., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-1429 · Cited by 96
Barbosa, G. C. G., Ali, M. S., Araujo, B., Reis, S., Sena, S., Ichihara, M. Y., Pescarini, J. M., Fiaccone, R. L., Amorim, L. D. A. F., Pita, R., et al. (2020) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-020-01285-w · Cited by 93
Acute Kidney Injury: A Bona Fide Complication of Diabetes
Advani, A. (2020) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db20-0604 · Cited by 91
Androgens’ effects on cerebrovascular function in health and disease
Abi‐Ghanem, C., Robison, L. S., & Zuloaga, K. L. (2020) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-020-00309-4 · Cited by 89
Runge, A. S., Kennedy, L., Brown, A. S., Dove, A. E., Levine, B. J., Koontz, S. P., Iyengar, V. S., Odeh, S. A., Close, K. L., Hirsch, I. B., et al. (2018) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd17-0094 · Cited by 87
13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*, Bajaj, M., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s013 · Cited by 87
Deeny, S. R., & Steventon, A. (2015) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004278 · Cited by 88
Hero, C., Rawshani, A., Svensson, A.-M., Franzén, S., Eliasson, B., Eeg-Olofsson, K., & Gudbjörnsdottir, S. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2450 · Cited by 78
SGLT inhibitor adjunct therapy in type 1 diabetes
McCrimmon, R. J., & Henry, R. R. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4671-6 · Cited by 78
Self-citationMcKeigue, P., Spiliopoulou, A., McGurnaghan, S. J., Colombo, M., Blackbourn, L. A. K., McDonald, T. J., Onengut-Gomuscu, S., Rich, S. S., Palmer, C. N. A., McKnight, J. A., et al. (2019) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1392-8 · Cited by 80
Self-citationCarlsen, S., Skrivarhaug, T., Thue, G., Cooper, J. G., Gøransson, L. G., Løvaas, K. F., & Sandberg, S. (2016) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12372 · Cited by 78
A new perspective on metformin therapy in type 1 diabetes
on behalf of The REMOVAL Study Team, Livingstone, R., Boyle, J. G., & Petrie, J. R. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4364-6 · Cited by 80
Self-citationCurrent state and future evolution of pancreatic islet transplantation
Anazawa, T., Okajima, H., Masui, T., & Üemoto, S. (2018) · Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery · doi:10.1002/ags3.12214 · Cited by 76
Report from IPITA-TTS Opinion Leaders Meeting on the Future of β-Cell Replacement
Bartlett, S. T., Markmann, J. F., Johnson, P., Korsgren, O., Hering, B. J., Scharp, D. W., Kay, T. W. H., Bromberg, J. S., Odorico, J. S., Weir, G. C., et al. (2016) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000001055 · Cited by 75
Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes
Vanderniet, J. A., Jenkins, A. J., & Donaghue, K. C. (2022) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-022-01762-w · Cited by 87
Ahmed, F. W., Rider, R., Glanville, M., Narayanan, K., Razvi, S., & Weaver, J. U. (2016) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0413-6 · Cited by 74
Investigating Ketone Bodies as Immunometabolic Countermeasures against Respiratory Viral Infections
Stubbs, B. J., Koutnik, A. P., Goldberg, E. L., Upadhyay, V., Turnbaugh, P. J., Verdin, E., & Newman, J. C. (2020) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2020.06.008 · Cited by 71
Brzozowska, M. M., Havula, E., Allen, R., & Cox, M. P. (2019) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-019-09505-z · Cited by 70
Ebekozien, O. A., Agarwal, S., Noor, N., Albanese-O’Neill, A., Wong, J. C., Seeherunvong, T., Sanchez, J. E., DeSalvo, D. J., Lyons, S. K., Majidi, S., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa920 · Cited by 70
Morton, J. I., Lazzarini, P. A., Shaw, J. E., & Magliano, D. J. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-2268 · Cited by 72
Long-term outcomes in elderly patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis
McGovern, D., Williams, S. P., Parsons, K. E., Farrah, T. E., Gallacher, P. J., Miller-Hodges, E. V., Kluth, D., Hunter, R. W., & Dhaun, N. (2019) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kez388 · Cited by 71
Mortality trends in type 1 diabetes: a multicountry analysis of six population-based cohorts
Ruiz, P. L. D., Chen, L., Morton, J. I., Salim, A., Carstensen, B., Gregg, E. W., Pavkov, M. E., Mata-Cases, M., Mauricio, D., Nichols, G. A., et al. (2022) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-022-05659-9 · Cited by 68
Self-citationPlana‐Ripoll, O., Canudas‐Romo, V., Weye, N., Laursen, T. M., McGrath, J. J., & Andersen, P. K. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228073 · Cited by 68
Vergès, B. L. (2023) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.06.005 · Cited by 74
Taylor, P. N., Collins, K. S., Lam, A. P., Karpen, S. R., Greeno, B., Walker, F., Lozano, A., Atabakhsh, E., Ahmed, S. T., Marinac, M., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00267-x · Cited by 72
Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Current and Future Strategies
Aghazadeh, Y., & Nostro, M. C. (2017) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-017-0863-6 · Cited by 66
Proinsulin C-peptide is an autoantigen in people with type 1 diabetes
So, M., Elso, C. M., Tresoldi, E., Pakusch, M., Pathiraja, V., Wentworth, J. M., Harrison, L. C., Krishnamurthy, B., Thomas, H. E., Rodda, C. P., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1809208115 · Cited by 69
Agarwal, S., Raymond, J. K., Schutta, M. H., Cardillo, S., Miller, V. A., & Long, J. A. (2016) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721716677098 · Cited by 65
Glycaemic control and excess risk of major coronary events in persons with type 1 diabetes
Matuleviciene, V., Rosengren, A., Svensson, A., Pivodic, A., Guðbjörnsdóttir, S., Wedel, H., Kosiborod, M., Haraldsson, B. S., & Lind, M. (2017) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2016-311050 · Cited by 61
Sanchez, M., Roussel, R., Hadjadj, S., Moutairou, A., Marre, M., Velho, G., & Mohammedi, K. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4510-1 · Cited by 61
Melo, K., Bahia, L., Pasinato, B. P. R., Porfírio, G. J. M., Martimbianco, A. L. C., Riera, R., Calliari, L. E., Minicucci, W. J., Turatti, L. A. A., Pedrosa, H. C., et al. (2019) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-018-0397-3 · Cited by 61
Metadata
- Authors
- Livingstone, S. J., Levin, D., Looker, H. C., Lindsay, R. S., Wild, S. H., Joss, N., Leese, G., Leslie, P., McCrimmon, R. J., Metcalfe, W., McKnight, J. A., Morris, A. D., Pearson, D. W. M., Petrie, J. R., Philip, S., Sattar, N. A., Traynor, J. P., & Colhoun, H. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Dundee (GB)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Raigmore Hospital (GB)
- Borders General Hospital (GB)
- Scottish Renal Registry, Paisley, Scotland
- Western General Hospital (GB)
- NHS Grampian (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2015-01-06
- Volume
- 313
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC4426486
- OpenAlex
- W1965748339
- Cited by
- 621
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 42
- FWCI
- 52.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (086113)
- Diabetes UK (10/0004010)
- Medical Research Council (MR/M501633/1, MR/K007017/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, life expectancy, life expectancy loss, kidney disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, ischemic heart disease, diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic coma, sex differences, causes of death, Scotland, life expectancy at age 65
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cause of Death, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetic Coma, Female, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Scotland, Sex Factors, Myocardial Ischemia, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
