Neutral Cyanine: Ultra‐Stable NIR‐II Merocyanines for Highly Efficient Bioimaging and Tumor‐Targeted Phototheranostics
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Fluorescence imaging (FLI)‐guided phototheranostics using emission from the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window show significant potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Clinical imaging‐used polymethine ionic indocyanine green (ICG) dye is widely adopted for NIR fluorescence imaging‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT) research due to its exceptional photophysical properties. However, ICG has limitations such as poor photostability, low photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), short‐wavelength emission peak, and liver‐targeting issues, which restrict its wider use. In this study, two ionic ICG derivatives are transformed into neutral merocyanines (mCy) to achieve much‐enhanced performance for NIR‐II cancer phototheranostics. Initial designs of two ionic dyes show similar drawbacks as ICG in terms of poor photostability and low photothermal performance. One of the modified neutral molecules, mCy890, shows significantly improved stability, an emission peak over 1000 nm, and a high photothermal PCE of 51%, all considerably outperform ICG. In vivo studies demonstrate that nanoparticles of the mCy890 can effectively accumulate at the tumor sites for cancer photothermal therapy guided by NIR‐II fluorescence imaging. This research provides valuable insights into the development of neutral merocyanines for enhanced cancer phototheranostics.
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Li et al. transformed ionic cyanines into neutral polymethine merocyanine (mCy890) to improve the poor photostability and low PCE of ICG.
“To improve the poor photostability and low PCE of ICG, Li et al. transformed ionic cyanines into neutral polymethine merocyanine (mCy890) (Fig. 20c)93.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [93]
The water-soluble nanoparticles prepared by co-assembly of mCy890 with Pluronic F127 exhibited peak emission at 1034 nm and a remarkable PCE of 51%, markedly surpassing that of ICG.
“The water-soluble nanoparticles prepared by co-assembly of mCy890 with Pluronic F127 exhibited peak emission at 1034 nm and a remarkable PCE of 51%, markedly surpassing that of ICG.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [93]
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- Authors
- Wan, Y., Chen, W., Liu, Y., Lee, K., Gao, Y., Zhang, D., Li, Y., Huang, Z., Luo, J., Lee, C., & Li, S.
- Affiliations
- City University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Soochow University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Luo, Jingdong
- Lee, Chun‐Sing
- Li, Shengliang
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advanced Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-05-27
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 31
- Pages
- e2405966-e2405966
- ISSN
- 0935-9648 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4095
- OpenAlex
- W4398160527
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 14
- FWCI
- 9.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advanced Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CityU Scholars (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (52173135, U20A20165)
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20231523)
- Science and Technology Program of Suzhou (SKY2022039)
- Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2020B1515130006)
- City University of Hong Kong (9680263, 9610454)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M742536, 2022M712305)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Keywords
- NIR-II fluorescence imaging, photothermal therapy, phototheranostics, photostability, photothermal conversion efficiency, tumor-targeted nanoparticles, cancer diagnosis, liver targeting
- MeSH terms
- Theranostic Nanomedicine, Photothermal Therapy, Animals, Benzopyrans, Humans, Indocyanine Green, Indoles, Infrared Rays, Neoplasms, Phototherapy, Pyrimidinones, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Nanoparticles, Optical Imaging
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