The association between interleukin-6, sleep, and demographic characteristics
Abstract
We examined the relationship between the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and sleep architecture in 70 healthy men and women. Blood was drawn in the early morning for assessment of IL-6 followed by nocturnal sleep monitoring with polysomnography. Sleep records were scored for sleep stages using standard criteria. Morning IL-6 levels were positively correlated with REM latency after sleep onset [rho = .31, p = .01], percent (%) stage 1 sleep [rho = .23, p = .053], % wake after sleep onset (WASO) [rho = .29, p<.05]. IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with sleep efficiency [rho = -.36, p<.01] and slow wave sleep (SWS) [rho = -.26, p<.05]. After controlling for demographic variables including race, gender, age, and BMI, multiple hierarchical regression analyses revealed that morning IL-6 levels accounted for a significant portion of the variance of REM latency (p<.01), sleep efficiency (p<.01), and % WASO (p = .01). IL-6 was no longer associated with % stage 1 sleep, SWS, and total sleep time after controlling for the demographic characteristics. These findings suggest that the inflammatory marker IL-6 is associated with sleep quality and that certain individual characteristics such as race, gender, and age modify that relationship. Higher IL-6 levels were associated with lower quality of sleep among healthy asymptomatic men and women.
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Blacks/African-Americans obtained less Slow Wave Sleep than Non-Hispanic Whites.
“Blacks/African-Americans also obtained less Slow Wave Sleep. Other studies have also found that Blacks/African-Americans obtained less Slow Wave Sleep(215-219)”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [215]
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- Authors
- Hong, S., Mills, P. J., Loredo, J. S., Adler, K. A., & Dimsdale, J. E.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hong, Suzi
- Venue
- Brain Behavior and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 165-172
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022395336
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL036005, R01 HL57265-05, R01 HL36005, R01HL057265)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR-00827-25, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, sleep architecture, sleep quality, REM latency, wake after sleep onset, slow-wave sleep, stage 1 sleep, sleep efficiency, inflammatory cytokines, demographic moderators, race, gender, age, healthy adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Black or African American, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Sleep Stages, Interleukin-6, Body Mass Index, Polysomnography, White People
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